init

17 files changed, 1509 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/algorithms/binary_search.cc b/algorithms/binary_search.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..773fcf3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/algorithms/binary_search.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#include <iostream>
+
+using namespace std;
+
+
+int binsearch(int* a, int val, int lo, int hi) {
+    if (hi < lo) return -1;
+    int mid = (lo+hi)/2;
+    if (val < a[mid]) {
+        return binsearch(a, val, lo, mid-1);
+    } else if (val > a[mid]) {
+        return binsearch(a, val, mid+1, hi);
+    } else {
+        return lo;
+    }
+}
+
+int main(void) {
+    int a[10] = {0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9};
+    int lo = 0;
+    int hi = 9;
+
+    int val = 3;
+
+    cout << binsearch(a, val, lo, hi) << endl;
+}
+
diff --git a/algorithms/binary_search.py b/algorithms/binary_search.py
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..3d158dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/algorithms/binary_search.py
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python2
+
+
+def bin_search(a, val, lo, hi):
+  print "%d %d"%(lo, hi)
+  if hi < lo:
+    return -1
+  mid = (lo+hi)/2
+  if a[mid] > val:
+    return bin_search(a, val, lo, mid-1)
+  elif a[mid] < val:
+    return bin_search(a, val, mid+1, hi)
+  else:
+    return mid
+
+
+a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]
+#    0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7
+
+if bin_search(a, 3, 0, len(a)-1):
+  print "Yay!"
+else:
+  print ":-("
+
+
diff --git a/algorithms/binary_search.rb b/algorithms/binary_search.rb
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..70f2eb0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/algorithms/binary_search.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env ruby
+
+
+def binsearch a, i, lo, hi
+  mid = hi-lo
+  return true if a[mid]==i
+  return false if lo<=hi
+  if i < a[mid]
+    return binsearch a, i, lo, mid-1
+  elsif i > a[mid]
+    return binsearch a, i, mid+1, hi
+  end
+end
+
+a = [11,1,3,4,5,7,8,10]
+a.sort!
+puts binsearch a, 11, 0, a.size-1
+
diff --git a/algorithms/binary_search1.py b/algorithms/binary_search1.py
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..ea864ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/algorithms/binary_search1.py
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python2
+
+
+def binsearch(a, v, left, right):
+    mid = (right-left)/2 + left
+    if mid > right: return 0
+    if a[mid] == v:
+        return 1
+    elif v > a[mid]:
+        return binsearch(a, v, mid+1, right)
+    elif v < a[mid]:
+        return binsearch(a, v, left, mid-1)
+
+a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5 , 7, 8, 9, 10, 11]
+print binsearch(a, 10, 0, len(a)-1)
+
diff --git a/algorithms/bleu.py b/algorithms/bleu.py
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..77c3c82
--- /dev/null
+++ b/algorithms/bleu.py
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python2
+
+import math
+
+
+def BLEU(N, w, v):
+  sum = 0
+  for i in range(N):
+    j = i+1
+    if v[i] == 0: continue
+    sum += (w[i]*math.exp(math.log(v[i])))/(2**(N-j+1))
+    print v[i], math.log(v[i]), w[i] * math.log(v[i]), w[i]
+  return sum
+
+N = 4
+w = [1.0/N for i in range(N)]
+v = [0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1]
+print BLEU(N, w, v)
+
diff --git a/algorithms/cyk_loops.rb b/algorithms/cyk_loops.rb
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..e8450cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/algorithms/cyk_loops.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env ruby
+
+
+n=5
+(2..n).each { |gap|
+  (0..(n-gap)).each { |i|
+    k = i+gap
+    ((i+1)..(k-1)).each { |j|
+      puts "#{i},#{k}"
+      puts " #{i},#{j}"
+      puts " #{j},#{k}"
+    }
+    #puts
+  }
+}
+
+(2..n).each { |i|
+  (0..(n-i)).each { |j|
+    puts "#{j} #{j+i}"
+    (1..n).each { |l|
+      (j..(j+i-l)).each { |k|
+        puts " #{k} #{k+l}"
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+}
+
diff --git a/algorithms/factorial.py b/algorithms/factorial.py
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..41eb708
--- /dev/null
+++ b/algorithms/factorial.py
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python2
+
+
+cache = {0:1}
+
+def fak(n):
+    if n == 0: return 1
+    if cache.get(n, 0):
+       return cache[n]
+    if not cache.get(n-1, 0):
+        cache[n-1] = fak(n-1)
+    return n*cache[n-1]
+
+def fakn(n):
+    if n == 0:
+        return 1
+    else:
+        return n*fak(n-1)
+
+for i in [fak(i) for i in reversed(range(10))]:
+  print i
+
diff --git a/algorithms/fibonacci.py b/algorithms/fibonacci.py
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..5912de0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/algorithms/fibonacci.py
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python2
+
+
+def fib(n):
+  if n == 0:
+    return 0
+  elif n == 1:
+    return 1
+  else:
+    return fib(n-1) + fib(n-2)
+
+print fib(20)
+
diff --git a/algorithms/insertion_sort.py b/algorithms/insertion_sort.py
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..ab786e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/algorithms/insertion_sort.py
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python2
+
+import random
+
+
+def insertion_sort(l):
+  sz = len(l)
+  for i in range(sz):
+    if i == 0: continue
+    j = i-1
+    while l[i] < l[j] and j > -1:
+      j -= 1
+    l.insert(j+1, l.pop(i))
+  return l
+
+l = list(reversed(range(1000)))
+#random.shuffle(l)
+print l
+print insertion_sort(l)
+
diff --git a/algorithms/letter_substitution_cipher.rb b/algorithms/letter_substitution_cipher.rb
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..01bde9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/algorithms/letter_substitution_cipher.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env ruby
+
+
+ALPHABET = ('a'..'z').to_a
+ALPHABET << ' '
+puts ALPHABET.to_s
+
+def mklettersubstitioncipher
+  cipher = {}
+  ALPHABET.each { |i|
+    while true
+      c = ALPHABET[ Random.rand(ALPHABET.size) ]
+      if not cipher.values.include? c
+        cipher[i] = c
+        break
+      end
+    end
+  }
+  return cipher
+end
+
+def encrypt(key, plaintext)
+  s = ''
+  plaintext.each_char { |i| s += key[i] }
+  return s
+end
+
+def decrypt(key, ciphertext)
+  s = ''
+  ciphertext.each_char { |i|
+    key.each_pair { |p|
+      if p[1] == i
+        s += p[0]
+      end
+    }
+  }
+  return s
+end
+
+def randomcipherstring(cipher)
+  length = Random.rand(49)+1
+  s = ''
+  length.times {
+    s += cipher[ ALPHABET[Random.rand(ALPHABET.size)] ]
+  }
+  return s
+end
+
+def sample(n, cipher)
+  a = []
+  n.times {
+    a << randomcipherstring(cipher)
+  }
+  puts a.to_s
+end
+
+def test
+  cipher = mklettersubstitioncipher
+  s = "das ist das haus vom nikolaus"
+  s_enc = encrypt(cipher, s)
+  s_dec = decrypt(cipher, s_enc)
+  puts "#{s}\n#{s_enc}\n#{s_dec}"
+end
+
+
+test
+
diff --git a/algorithms/log_reg_sgd.rb b/algorithms/log_reg_sgd.rb
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..16a48e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/algorithms/log_reg_sgd.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env ruby
+
+require 'nlp_ruby'
+require 'trollop'
+
+
+def read_data fn, scale
+  f = ReadFile.new fn
+  data = []
+  while line = f.gets
+    line.strip!
+    a = []
+    a << 1.0
+    tokenize(line).each { |i| a << i.to_f }
+    v = SparseVector.from_a a
+    data << v
+  end
+  if scale
+    data.map { |i| i.keys }.flatten.uniq.each { |k|
+      max = data.map { |i| i[k] }.max
+      data.each { |i| i[k] /= max }
+    }
+  end
+  return data
+end
+
+def main
+  cfg = Trollop::options do
+    opt :input,         "input data",         :type => :string, :required => true
+    opt :output,        "1/0 output data",        :type => :string, :required => true
+    opt :learning_rate, "learning rate",      :type => :float,  :default => 0.07
+    opt :stop,          "stopping criterion", :type => :int,    :default => 100
+    opt :scale_features,"scale features",     :type => :bool,   :default => false, :short => '-t'
+    opt :show_loss,     "show loss per iter", :type => :bool,   :default => false
+  end
+  data = read_data cfg[:input], cfg[:scale_features]
+  zeros = [0.0]*data[0].size
+  t = ReadFile.readlines(cfg[:output]).map{ |i| i.to_f }
+  model = SparseVector.new zeros
+  stop = 0
+  prev_model = nil
+  i = 0
+  while true
+    i += 1
+    u = SparseVector.new zeros
+    overall_loss = 0.0
+    data.each_with_index { |x,j|
+      m = 1.0/(1+Math.exp(-model.dot(x)))
+      loss = m - t[j]
+      overall_loss += loss
+      u += x * loss
+    }
+    STDERR.write "#{i} #{overall_loss/data.size}\n" if cfg[:show_loss]
+    u *= cfg[:learning_rate]*(1.0/t.size)
+    model -= u
+    if model.approx_eql? prev_model
+      stop += 1
+    else
+      stop = 0
+    end
+    break if stop==cfg[:stop]
+    prev_model = model
+    puts model.to_s
+  end
+  STDERR.write "ran for #{i} iterations\n"
+  puts model.to_s
+end
+
+
+main
+
diff --git a/algorithms/parse_bracketed.input b/algorithms/parse_bracketed.input
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5a2973f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/algorithms/parse_bracketed.input
@@ -0,0 +1,880 @@
+answer(city(loc_2(stateid('virginia'))))
+answer(high_point_1(state(next_to_2(stateid('mississippi')))))
+answer(river(loc_2(stateid('arkansas'))))
+answer(river(loc_2(stateid('colorado'))))
+answer(capital(loc_2(stateid('texas'))))
+answer(highest(place(loc_2(state(stateid('oregon'))))))
+answer(count(state(low_point_2(lower_2(low_point_1(stateid('alabama')))))))
+answer(state(loc_2(countryid('usa'))))
+answer(city(loc_2(stateid('texas'))))
+answer(city(loc_2(countryid('usa'))))
+answer(city(loc_2(stateid('virginia'))))
+answer(city(loc_2(stateid('texas'))))
+answer(lake(loc_2(stateid('california'))))
+answer(largest(state(all)))
+answer(longest(river(traverse_2(countryid('usa')))))
+answer(count(river(loc_2(stateid('california')))))
+answer(state(next_to_2(stateid('utah'))))
+answer(size(stateid('alaska')))
+answer(size(stateid('massachusetts')))
+answer(size(stateid('new mexico')))
+answer(size(stateid('north dakota')))
+answer(size(stateid('texas')))
+answer(size(city(cityid('new york', _))))
+answer(elevation_1(highest(place(loc_2(state(all))))))
+answer(elevation_1(placeid('guadalupe peak')))
+answer(elevation_1(placeid('mount mckinley')))
+answer(elevation_1(highest(place(loc_2(countryid('usa'))))))
+answer(elevation_1(highest(place(loc_2(stateid('montana'))))))
+answer(elevation_1(highest(place(loc_2(largest(state(all)))))))
+answer(elevation_1(highest(place(loc_2(stateid('alabama'))))))
+answer(elevation_1(highest(place(loc_2(stateid('delaware'))))))
+answer(elevation_1(highest(place(loc_2(stateid('florida'))))))
+answer(elevation_1(highest(place(loc_2(stateid('louisiana'))))))
+answer(size(stateid('alaska')))
+answer(size(stateid('texas')))
+answer(size(largest(city(loc_2(stateid('alaska'))))))
+answer(len(riverid('rio grande')))
+answer(len(river(riverid('colorado'))))
+answer(len(river(riverid('delaware'))))
+answer(len(longest(river(loc_2(stateid('california'))))))
+answer(len(longest(river(loc_2(countryid('usa'))))))
+answer(len(riverid('mississippi')))
+answer(len(river(riverid('mississippi'))))
+answer(len(river(riverid('mississippi'))))
+answer(len(river(riverid('missouri'))))
+answer(len(river(riverid('north platte'))))
+answer(len(river(riverid('ohio'))))
+answer(len(river(riverid('rio grande'))))
+answer(len(shortest(river(loc_2(countryid('usa'))))))
+answer(count(major(city(loc_2(stateid('pennsylvania'))))))
+answer(count(capital(loc_2(stateid('rhode island')))))
+answer(count(city(loc_2(stateid('louisiana')))))
+answer(count(city(loc_2(stateid('montana')))))
+answer(count(city(loc_2(countryid('usa')))))
+answer(count(city(loc_2(countryid('usa')))))
+answer(count(city(loc_2(countryid('usa')))))
+answer(count(city(loc_2(countryid('usa')))))
+answer(count(city(loc_2(stateid('texas')))))
+answer(count(city(loc_2(countryid('usa')))))
+answer(count(intersection(city(cityid('austin', _)), loc_2(countryid('usa')))))
+answer(population_1(largest(city(all))))
+answer(population_1(stateid('alabama')))
+answer(population_1(cityid('boulder', _)))
+answer(population_1(stateid('california')))
+answer(count(river(riverid('colorado'))))
+answer(population_1(cityid('montgomery', _)))
+answer(count(major(city(loc_2(stateid('arizona'))))))
+answer(count(major(city(loc_2(stateid('florida'))))))
+answer(count(major(city(loc_2(state(next_to_2(stateid('nebraska'))))))))
+answer(count(major(city(loc_2(state(next_to_2(stateid('utah'))))))))
+answer(count(major(city(loc_2(stateid('texas'))))))
+answer(count(major(city(all))))
+answer(count(major(city(loc_2(stateid('oregon'))))))
+answer(count(major(river(traverse_2(stateid('ohio'))))))
+answer(population_1(state(stateid('nevada'))))
+answer(population_1(stateid('iowa')))
+answer(population_1(stateid('new york')))
+answer(population_1(cityid('boulder', _)))
+answer(population_1(cityid('austin', _)))
+answer(population_1(cityid('austin', 'tx')))
+answer(population_1(stateid('california')))
+answer(population_1(cityid('chicago', _)))
+answer(population_1(cityid('detroit', _)))
+answer(population_1(stateid('hawaii')))
+answer(population_1(cityid('houston', _)))
+answer(population_1(cityid('kalamazoo', _)))
+answer(population_1(stateid('kansas')))
+answer(population_1(cityid('minneapolis', 'mn')))
+answer(population_1(stateid('mississippi')))
+answer(population_1(stateid('montana')))
+answer(population_1(stateid('new hampshire')))
+answer(population_1(stateid('new mexico')))
+answer(population_1(stateid('new york')))
+answer(population_1(stateid('rhode island')))
+answer(population_1(cityid('riverside', _)))
+answer(population_1(cityid('san francisco', _)))
+answer(population_1(stateid('south dakota')))
+answer(population_1(cityid('spokane', 'wa')))
+answer(population_1(stateid('texas')))
+answer(population_1(largest(city(loc_2(state(stateid('new york')))))))
+answer(population_1(capital(loc_2(stateid('georgia')))))
+answer(population_1(capital(loc_2(stateid('texas')))))
+answer(population_1(smallest(state(next_to_2(stateid('wyoming'))))))
+answer(population_1(largest_one(density_1(state(all)))))
+answer(population_1(countryid('usa')))
+answer(population_1(stateid('washington')))
+answer(population_1(cityid('washington', 'dc')))
+answer(population_1(cityid('austin', _)))
+answer(population_1(stateid('utah')))
+answer(population_1(stateid('utah')))
+answer(population_1(stateid('texas')))
+answer(count(river(riverid('colorado'))))
+answer(count(river(loc_2(stateid('colorado')))))
+answer(count(river(loc_2(stateid('colorado')))))
+answer(count(river(loc_2(stateid('iowa')))))
+answer(count(river(loc_2(stateid('missouri')))))
+answer(count(river(loc_2(stateid('new york')))))
+answer(count(river(loc_2(most(state(loc_1(river(all))))))))
+answer(count(river(loc_2(state(loc_1(highest(place(all))))))))
+answer(count(river(loc_2(largest_one(population_1(state(all)))))))
+answer(count(river(loc_2(stateid('idaho')))))
+answer(count(river(loc_2(stateid('texas')))))
+answer(count(river(loc_2(countryid('usa')))))
+answer(count(exclude(river(all), traverse_2(state(loc_1(capital(cityid('albany', _))))))))
+answer(count(river(loc_2(stateid('alaska')))))
+answer(count(river(loc_2(stateid('colorado')))))
+answer(count(intersection(river(loc_2(stateid('texas'))), longer(riverid('red')))))
+answer(count(river(loc_2(stateid('washington')))))
+answer(count(river(traverse_2(stateid('texas')))))
+answer(count(river(traverse_2(state(next_to_2(stateid('colorado')))))))
+answer(area_1(countryid('usa')))
+answer(count(state(loc_2(countryid('usa')))))
+answer(count(state(loc_2(countryid('usa')))))
+answer(count(state(next_to_2(major(river(all))))))
+answer(count(state(all)))
+answer(count(state(loc_2(countryid('usa')))))
+answer(count(state(loc_2(countryid('usa')))))
+answer(count(state(next_to_2(stateid('alaska')))))
+answer(count(state(next_to_2(state(all)))))
+answer(count(state(intersection(next_to_2(stateid('colorado')), next_to_2(stateid('new mexico'))))))
+answer(count(state(next_to_2(stateid('hawaii')))))
+answer(count(state(next_to_2(stateid('iowa')))))
+answer(count(state(next_to_2(state(loc_1(capital(cityid('boston', _))))))))
+answer(count(state(next_to_2(stateid('tennessee')))))
+answer(count(state(next_to_2(stateid('texas')))))
+answer(count(state(next_to_2(largest(state(all))))))
+answer(count(state(next_to_2(river(riverid('mississippi'))))))
+answer(count(state(next_to_2(most(state(next_to_2(state(all))))))))
+answer(count(state(next_to_2(largest_one(population_1(state(all)))))))
+answer(count(exclude(state(all), loc_1(river(all)))))
+answer(count(state(next_to_1(stateid('iowa')))))
+answer(count(state(next_to_1(stateid('missouri')))))
+answer(count(state(next_to_1(stateid('tennessee')))))
+answer(count(state(traverse_1(river(riverid('colorado'))))))
+answer(count(state(traverse_1(river(riverid('colorado'))))))
+answer(count(state(traverse_1(river(riverid('mississippi'))))))
+answer(count(state(traverse_1(riverid('mississippi')))))
+answer(count(state(traverse_1(river(riverid('missouri'))))))
+answer(count(state(loc_2(countryid('usa')))))
+answer(count(state(loc_1(city(cityid('rochester', _))))))
+answer(count(state(loc_1(city(cityid('springfield', _))))))
+answer(count(state(loc_1(place(higher_2(highest(place(loc_2(state(loc_1(largest(capital(city(loc_2(countryid('usa'))))))))))))))))
+answer(count(state(loc_1(city(cityid('austin', _))))))
+answer(count(state(loc_1(city(cityid('springfield', _))))))
+answer(count(state(loc_1(major(river(all))))))
+answer(count(intersection(state(loc_2(countryid('usa'))), traverse_1(shortest(river(all))))))
+answer(population_1(stateid('texas')))
+answer(elevation_1(placeid('mount mckinley')))
+answer(elevation_1(highest(place(loc_2(stateid('montana'))))))
+answer(state(loc_1(placeid('mount mckinley'))))
+answer(state(loc_1(highest(place(loc_2(countryid('usa')))))))
+answer(state(loc_1(cityid('rochester', _))))
+answer(count(state(next_to_1(stateid('iowa')))))
+answer(state(all))
+answer(lake(loc_2(countryid('usa'))))
+answer(river(loc_2(stateid('colorado'))))
+answer(capital(loc_2(countryid('usa'))))
+answer(longest(river(loc_2(countryid('usa')))))
+answer(major(lake(loc_2(stateid('michigan')))))
+answer(major(river(loc_2(stateid('florida')))))
+answer(river(loc_2(stateid('arkansas'))))
+answer(exclude(state(all), next_to_2(state(all))))
+answer(population_1(cityid('boulder', _)))
+answer(population_1(cityid('boulder', _)))
+answer(count(state(next_to_2(stateid('iowa')))))
+answer(state(loc_1(lowest(place(loc_2(state(traverse_1(river(riverid('mississippi'))))))))))
+answer(population_1(cityid('boulder', _)))
+answer(population_1(cityid('boulder', _)))
+answer(river(loc_2(stateid('new york'))))
+answer(state(loc_1(capital(cityid('sacramento', _)))))
+answer(state(loc_1(cityid('san antonio', _))))
+answer(major(city(loc_2(stateid('colorado')))))
+answer(major(lake(loc_2(countryid('usa')))))
+answer(largest_one(area_1(state(all))))
+answer(state(next_to_2(stateid('iowa'))))
+answer(city(loc_2(stateid('texas'))))
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+answer(state(loc_1(highest(place(all)))))
+answer(state(loc_1(highest(place(loc_2(countryid('usa')))))))
+answer(largest_one(area_1(state(all))))
+answer(largest_one(density_1(state(loc_2(countryid('usa'))))))
+answer(largest_one(density_1(state(all))))
+answer(state(loc_1(lowest(place(all)))))
+answer(smallest_one(population_1(state(all))))
+answer(smallest_one(density_1(state(all))))
+answer(smallest_one(area_1(state(all))))
+answer(highest(mountain(loc_2(countryid('usa')))))
+answer(highest(mountain(loc_2(countryid('usa')))))
+answer(area_1(countryid('usa')))
+answer(sum(len(river(all))))
+answer(sum(population_1(state(next_to_2(stateid('texas'))))))
+answer(len(riverid('mississippi')))
+answer(major(city(loc_2(stateid('pennsylvania')))))
+answer(major(river(traverse_2(stateid('illinois')))))
+answer(mountain(loc_2(stateid('alaska'))))
+answer(river(traverse_2(stateid('kansas'))))
+answer(river(traverse_2(stateid('texas'))))
+answer(most(river(traverse_2(state(all)))))
+answer(longest(river(loc_2(countryid('usa')))))
+answer(river(traverse_2(stateid('illinois'))))
+answer(most(river(traverse_2(state(all)))))
+answer(river(traverse_2(most(state(loc_1(city(all)))))))
+answer(river(traverse_2(stateid('virginia'))))
+answer(most(river(traverse_2(state(all)))))
+answer(river(traverse_2(most(state(next_to_2(state(all)))))))
+answer(river(loc_2(stateid('nevada'))))
+answer(river(loc_2(stateid('new mexico'))))
+answer(river(loc_2(stateid('oregon'))))
+answer(river(loc_2(state(next_to_2(stateid('texas'))))))
+answer(river(loc_2(stateid('texas'))))
+answer(river(loc_2(stateid('utah'))))
+answer(river(loc_2(stateid('texas'))))
+answer(exclude(river(all), traverse_2(stateid('tennessee'))))
+answer(river(traverse_2(stateid('colorado'))))
+answer(river(traverse_2(stateid('missouri'))))
+answer(river(traverse_2(state(next_to_1(stateid('alabama'))))))
+answer(river(traverse_2(state(next_to_2(largest_one(population_1(state(all))))))))
+answer(river(traverse_2(largest(state(all)))))
+answer(river(traverse_2(largest_one(population_1(state(all))))))
+answer(river(traverse_2(stateid('arizona'))))
+answer(river(traverse_2(cityid('austin', 'tx'))))
+answer(river(traverse_2(stateid('colorado'))))
+answer(river(traverse_2(stateid('louisiana'))))
+answer(river(traverse_2(stateid('maine'))))
+answer(river(traverse_2(stateid('new york'))))
+answer(river(traverse_2(state(loc_1(lowest(place(loc_2(countryid('usa')))))))))
+answer(river(traverse_2(state(next_to_2(state(loc_1(capital(cityid('atlanta', _)))))))))
+answer(river(traverse_2(stateid('west virginia'))))
+answer(river(traverse_2(most(state(next_to_2(state(all)))))))
+answer(largest_one(population_1(state(next_to_2(stateid('nevada'))))))
+answer(state(next_to_2(stateid('michigan'))))
+answer(most(state(next_to_2(state(all)))))
+answer(state(next_to_2(stateid('new york'))))
+answer(fewest(state(next_to_2(state(all)))))
+answer(fewest(state(next_to_2(exclude(exclude(state(all), stateid('alaska')), stateid('hawaii'))))))
+answer(most(state(next_to_2(state(all)))))
+answer(state(next_to_2(smallest_one(population_1(state(all))))))
+answer(state(loc_1(highest(place(loc_2(countryid('usa')))))))
+answer(state(loc_1(highest(place(loc_2(state(traverse_1(river(riverid('colorado'))))))))))
+answer(state(loc_1(highest(place(all)))))
+answer(exclude(state(all), loc_1(river(all))))
+answer(state(loc_1(capital(cityid('salem', _)))))
+answer(state(loc_1(city(cityid('flint', _)))))
+answer(state(loc_1(largest_one(population_1(city(all))))))
+answer(state(loc_1(largest_one(population_1(city(all))))))
+answer(largest_one(density_1(state(all))))
+answer(state(loc_1(highest(place(all)))))
+answer(largest_one(population_1(state(all))))
+answer(largest_one(density_1(state(all))))
+answer(largest_one(area_1(state(all))))
+answer(state(loc_1(largest(capital(all)))))
+answer(state(loc_1(largest(city(all)))))
+answer(largest_one(population_1(state(all))))
+answer(largest_one(density_1(state(all))))
+answer(largest_one(population_1(state(all))))
+answer(smallest_one(density_1(state(all))))
+answer(state(loc_1(longest(river(all)))))
+answer(smallest_one(density_1(state(all))))
+answer(most(state(loc_1(city(all)))))
+answer(most(state(loc_1(major(city(all))))))
+answer(most(state(traverse_1(major(river(all))))))
+answer(largest_one(population_1(state(all))))
+answer(most(state(loc_1(river(all)))))
+answer(most(state(traverse_1(river(all)))))
+answer(state(loc_1(shortest(river(all)))))
+answer(smallest_one(area_1(state(all))))
+answer(state(loc_1(smallest(capital(all)))))
+answer(smallest_one(population_1(state(all))))
+answer(smallest_one(density_1(state(all))))
+answer(smallest_one(population_1(state(all))))
+answer(smallest_one(density_1(state(all))))
+answer(state(loc_1(cityid('austin', _))))
+answer(state(loc_1(capital(cityid('austin', _)))))
+answer(state(loc_1(cityid('boston', _))))
+answer(state(loc_1(capital(cityid('columbus', _)))))
+answer(state(loc_1(cityid('dallas', _))))
+answer(state(loc_1(cityid('des moines', _))))
+answer(state(loc_1(cityid('miami', _))))
+answer(state(loc_1(cityid('pittsburgh', _))))
+answer(largest(state(all)))
+answer(largest_one(population_1(state(all))))
+answer(state(most(state(loc_1(river(all))))))
+answer(largest_one(population_1(state(next_to_2(stateid('texas'))))))
+answer(largest(state(next_to_2(stateid('texas')))))
+answer(largest_one(population_1(state(traverse_1(riverid('mississippi'))))))
+answer(state(next_to_2(stateid('arizona'))))
+answer(state(next_to_2(stateid('texas'))))
+answer(state(next_to_2(stateid('mississippi'))))
+answer(state(next_to_2(stateid('alaska'))))
+answer(state(next_to_2(stateid('arkansas'))))
+answer(state(next_to_2(stateid('delaware'))))
+answer(state(next_to_2(stateid('florida'))))
+answer(state(next_to_2(stateid('georgia'))))
+answer(state(next_to_2(stateid('hawaii'))))
+answer(state(next_to_2(stateid('indiana'))))
+answer(state(next_to_2(stateid('kentucky'))))
+answer(state(next_to_2(stateid('michigan'))))
+answer(state(next_to_2(stateid('missouri'))))
+answer(state(next_to_2(stateid('montana'))))
+answer(state(next_to_2(stateid('new hampshire'))))
+answer(state(next_to_2(stateid('new jersey'))))
+answer(state(next_to_2(stateid('ohio'))))
+answer(state(next_to_2(stateid('rhode island'))))
+answer(state(next_to_2(state(next_to_2(stateid('colorado'))))))
+answer(state(next_to_2(state(next_to_2(stateid('mississippi'))))))
+answer(state(next_to_2(state(next_to_2(state(next_to_2(stateid('florida'))))))))
+answer(state(next_to_2(state(next_to_2(state(next_to_2(state(next_to_2(stateid('texas'))))))))))
+answer(state(next_to_2(state(next_to_2(largest_one(population_1(state(all))))))))
+answer(state(next_to_2(state(traverse_1(riverid('mississippi'))))))
+answer(state(next_to_2(state(traverse_1(riverid('ohio'))))))
+answer(state(next_to_2(state(traverse_1(riverid('mississippi'))))))
+answer(state(next_to_2(stateid('texas'))))
+answer(intersection(state(next_to_2(stateid('texas'))), loc_1(major(river(all)))))
+answer(state(next_to_2(river(riverid('mississippi')))))
+answer(state(next_to_2(largest_one(population_1(state(all))))))
+answer(state(next_to_2(most(state(next_to_2(state(all)))))))
+answer(state(next_to_2(most(state(loc_1(city(all)))))))
+answer(state(next_to_2(most(state(loc_1(major(city(all))))))))
+answer(state(next_to_2(smallest_one(area_1(state(all))))))
+answer(state(next_to_2(most(state(loc_1(city(all)))))))
+answer(state(next_to_2(stateid('wisconsin'))))
+answer(state(capital_2(cityid('dover', _))))
+answer(state(loc_1(major(river(all)))))
+answer(state(traverse_1(river(riverid('colorado')))))
+answer(state(traverse_1(river(riverid('delaware')))))
+answer(state(traverse_1(river(riverid('mississippi')))))
+answer(state(traverse_1(riverid('mississippi'))))
+answer(state(traverse_1(river(riverid('missouri')))))
+answer(state(traverse_1(riverid('missouri'))))
+answer(state(traverse_1(river(riverid('ohio')))))
+answer(state(traverse_1(river(riverid('ohio')))))
+answer(state(traverse_1(shortest(river(all)))))
+answer(state(loc_1(capital(highest(place(all))))))
+answer(state(loc_1(city(cityid('austin', _)))))
+answer(state(loc_1(city(cityid('austin', _)))))
+answer(state(loc_1(city(cityid('dallas', _)))))
+answer(state(loc_1(city(cityid('plano', _)))))
+answer(state(loc_1(city(cityid('portland', _)))))
+answer(state(loc_1(city(cityid('rochester', _)))))
+answer(state(loc_1(city(cityid('salt lake city', _)))))
+answer(exclude(state(all), next_to_2(state(all))))
+answer(state(loc_1(river(riverid('colorado')))))
+answer(state(traverse_1(river(all))))
+answer(state(loc_1(city(cityid('springfield', _)))))
+answer(state(high_point_2(higher_2(high_point_1(stateid('colorado'))))))
+answer(intersection(state(loc_2(countryid('usa'))), loc_1(city(cityid('springfield', _)))))
+answer(state(next_to_2(stateid('maine'))))
+answer(state(next_to_2(stateid('kentucky'))))
+answer(largest_one(population_1(city(loc_2(stateid('texas'))))))
+answer(largest(city(all)))
+answer(loc_1(mountain(all)))
+answer(loc_1(cityid('austin', _)))
+answer(loc_1(cityid('baton rouge', _)))
+answer(loc_1(cityid('dallas', _)))
+answer(loc_1(cityid('fort wayne', _)))
+answer(loc_1(cityid('houston', _)))
+answer(loc_1(cityid('indianapolis', _)))
+answer(loc_1(stateid('massachusetts')))
+answer(loc_1(placeid('mount whitney')))
+answer(loc_1(placeid('mount whitney')))
+answer(loc_1(stateid('new hampshire')))
+answer(loc_1(cityid('new orleans', _)))
+answer(loc_1(cityid('portland', _)))
+answer(loc_1(cityid('san diego', _)))
+answer(loc_1(cityid('san jose', _)))
+answer(loc_1(cityid('scotts valley', _)))
+answer(loc_1(cityid('springfield', _)))
+answer(loc_1(river(riverid('chattahoochee'))))
+answer(highest(mountain(loc_2(countryid('usa')))))
+answer(highest(place(loc_2(stateid('hawaii')))))
+answer(highest(place(loc_2(stateid('montana')))))
+answer(lowest(place(loc_2(stateid('maryland')))))
+answer(lowest(place(loc_2(countryid('usa')))))
+answer(lowest(place(loc_2(stateid('iowa')))))
+answer(largest_one(population_1(city(loc_2(stateid('new mexico'))))))
+answer(loc_1(smallest(city(all))))
+answer(capital(loc_2(state(next_to_2(stateid('texas'))))))
+answer(exclude(capital(all), major(city(all))))
+answer(largest_one(population_1(city(loc_2(stateid('california'))))))
+answer(density_1(state(traverse_1(longest(river(loc_2(countryid('usa'))))))))
+answer(highest(exclude(mountain(all), loc_2(stateid('alaska')))))
+answer(longest(river(loc_2(countryid('usa')))))
+answer(lowest(place(loc_2(state(traverse_1(riverid('mississippi')))))))
+answer(shortest(river(all)))
+answer(smallest(state(all)))
+answer(largest_one(population_1(state(next_to_2(stateid('pennsylvania'))))))
+answer(most(river(traverse_2(state(all)))))
+answer(most(river(traverse_2(state(all)))))
+answer(most(river(traverse_2(state(all)))))
+answer(most(river(traverse_2(state(all)))))
+answer(river(loc_2(stateid('alaska'))))
+answer(exclude(river(all), traverse_2(stateid('texas'))))
+answer(exclude(river(all), traverse_2(countryid('usa'))))
+answer(river(traverse_2(stateid('alaska'))))
+answer(river(traverse_2(state(next_to_2(stateid('new mexico'))))))
+answer(river(traverse_2(state(next_to_2(state(loc_1(capital(cityid('austin', _)))))))))
+answer(river(traverse_2(fewest(state(loc_1(city(all)))))))
+answer(river(traverse_2(state(loc_1(largest(city(loc_2(countryid('usa')))))))))
+answer(river(traverse_2(state(loc_1(lowest(place(loc_2(countryid('usa')))))))))
+answer(state(next_to_2(stateid('kentucky'))))
+answer(state(next_to_2(stateid('florida'))))
+answer(state(next_to_2(stateid('hawaii'))))
+answer(most(state(next_to_2(state(all)))))
+answer(most(state(next_to_2(state(all)))))
+answer(smallest_one(population_1(capital(all))))
+answer(most(state(loc_1(river(all)))))
+answer(largest_one(population_1(state(all))))
+answer(largest_one(density_1(state(all))))
+answer(largest_one(population_1(state(all))))
+answer(state(loc_1(highest(place(all)))))
+answer(state(loc_1(highest(place(all)))))
+answer(state(loc_1(highest(place(all)))))
+answer(largest_one(density_1(state(all))))
+answer(state(loc_1(largest(city(all)))))
+answer(largest_one(density_1(state(all))))
+answer(smallest_one(density_1(state(all))))
+answer(state(loc_1(longest(river(all)))))
+answer(state(loc_1(lowest(place(all)))))
+answer(state(loc_1(lowest(place(loc_2(next_to_2(stateid('idaho'))))))))
+answer(smallest_one(density_1(state(all))))
+answer(most(state(loc_1(major(city(all))))))
+answer(most(state(loc_1(major(river(all))))))
+answer(most(state(traverse_1(major(river(all))))))
+answer(largest_one(population_1(state(all))))
+answer(largest_one(population_1(state(all))))
+answer(most(state(loc_1(river(all)))))
+answer(most(state(traverse_1(river(all)))))
+answer(state(loc_1(river(riverid('red')))))
+answer(smallest_one(area_1(state(next_to_2(stateid('texas'))))))
+answer(smallest_one(density_1(state(all))))
+answer(smallest_one(density_1(state(all))))
+answer(smallest_one(density_1(state(all))))
+answer(state(loc_1(cityid('kalamazoo', _))))
+answer(state(loc_1(placeid('mount mckinley'))))
+answer(state(loc_1(city(cityid('denver', _)))))
+answer(state(loc_1(largest(city(loc_2(stateid('montana')))))))
+answer(smallest(state(all)))
+answer(state(next_to_2(stateid('alabama'))))
+answer(state(next_to_2(stateid('alabama'))))
+answer(state(next_to_2(stateid('alaska'))))
+answer(state(next_to_2(stateid('arizona'))))
+answer(state(next_to_2(stateid('colorado'))))
+answer(state(next_to_2(stateid('hawaii'))))
+answer(state(next_to_2(stateid('illinois'))))
+answer(state(next_to_2(stateid('iowa'))))
+answer(state(next_to_2(stateid('kentucky'))))
+answer(state(next_to_2(stateid('michigan'))))
+answer(state(next_to_2(stateid('new york'))))
+answer(exclude(state(all), next_to_2(state(all))))
+answer(state(next_to_2(stateid('south dakota'))))
+answer(state(next_to_2(state(traverse_1(riverid('mississippi'))))))
+answer(state(next_to_2(stateid('texas'))))
+answer(state(next_to_2(longest(river(loc_2(countryid('usa')))))))
+answer(state(next_to_2(river(riverid('missouri')))))
+answer(state(next_to_2(smallest_one(area_1(state(all))))))
+answer(state(loc_1(largest(city(capital_1(state(all)))))))
+answer(state(traverse_1(river(riverid('colorado')))))
+answer(exclude(state(all), next_to_2(stateid('texas'))))
+answer(state(traverse_1(river(riverid('chattahoochee')))))
+answer(state(traverse_1(river(riverid('colorado')))))
+answer(state(traverse_1(longest(river(all)))))
+answer(state(traverse_1(longest(river(all)))))
+answer(state(traverse_1(river(riverid('mississippi')))))
+answer(state(traverse_1(riverid('mississippi'))))
+answer(state(traverse_1(river(riverid('missouri')))))
+answer(state(traverse_1(river(riverid('missouri')))))
+answer(state(loc_1(major(city(cityid('austin', _))))))
+answer(state(loc_1(river(all))))
+answer(state(loc_1(city(cityid('austin', _)))))
+answer(state(loc_1(place(higher_2(highest(place(loc_2(stateid('colorado')))))))))
+answer(state(loc_1(place(higher_2(highest(place(loc_2(stateid('texas')))))))))
+answer(state(traverse_1(longest(river(loc_2(countryid('usa')))))))
+answer(largest_one(density_1(city(all))))
diff --git a/algorithms/parse_bracketed.rb b/algorithms/parse_bracketed.rb
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..cc90212
--- /dev/null
+++ b/algorithms/parse_bracketed.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env ruby
+
+
+def _c s
+  s.strip.lstrip.gsub("'", '').gsub(/\s+/, "_")
+end
+
+class Item
+  attr_accessor :predicate, :arguments
+
+  def initialize predicate='', arguments=[]
+    @predicate = predicate
+    @arguments = []
+  end
+
+  def to_s
+    args = @arguments.each{|i| i.to_s}.to_s.gsub('[','(').gsub(']',')')
+    "#{@predicate}#{args}"
+  end
+end
+
+def parse_funql s
+  s = "(#{s})"
+  structure = Item.new
+  prev_p = nil
+  p = structure
+  collect = ''
+  just_closed = false
+  s.each_char { |c|
+    if c == '('
+      p.arguments << Item.new(_c(collect))
+      collect = ''
+      prev_p = p
+      p = p.arguments.last
+      just_closed = false
+    elsif c == ')'
+      if collect != ''
+        p.arguments << _c(collect)
+        collect = ''
+      end
+      p = prev_p
+      just_closed = true
+    elsif c == ','
+       if collect != ''
+         p.arguments << _c(collect)
+         collect = ''
+       end
+       if just_closed
+         p = prev_p
+       end
+       just_closed = false
+    else
+      collect += c
+    end
+  }
+  return structure
+end
+
+def flatten_funql a
+  return "#{a} " if a.class == String
+  s = "#{a.predicate}$#{a.arguments.size} "
+  a.arguments.each { |i|
+    s += flatten_funql(i)
+  }
+  return s
+end
+
+def _fix_output s
+  s[5..s.size-1].lstrip.strip.gsub("'", '')
+end
+
+def reverse s
+  s.strip!
+  open = 0
+  r = ''
+  s.split.each { |i|
+    term, n = i.split '$'
+    n = n.to_i
+    out = term
+    if n == 0
+      out = "'#{out}'"
+    elsif n > 0
+      out += '('
+      open += 1
+    else
+      puts "ERROR"
+      exit
+    end
+    r += out
+  }
+  open.times { r += ')' }
+  return r.gsub("''", "','")
+end
+
+def test
+  a = []
+  a << "answer(exclude(state(all), next_to_2(stateid('texas'))))"
+  a << "answer(most(state(traverse_1(river(all)))))"
+  a << "answer(state(loc_1(river(riverid('red')))))"
+  a << "answer(smallest_one(area_1(state(next_to_2(stateid('texas'))))))"
+  a << "answer(smallest_one(density_1(state(all))))"
+  a << "answer(smallest_one(density_1(state(all))))"
+  a << "answer(smallest_one(density_1(state(all))))"
+  a << "answer(state(loc_1(cityid('kalamazoo', _))))"
+  a.each { |i|
+    puts i
+    r = parse_funql(i)
+    puts r.to_s
+    puts _fix_output(flatten_funql(r))
+    puts
+  }
+end
+
+def main
+  #test
+  while line = STDIN.gets
+    x = _fix_output(flatten_funql(parse_funql(line.strip)))
+    puts line
+    puts x
+    puts reverse(x)
+    puts
+  end
+end
+
+
+main
+
diff --git a/algorithms/string_reverse.c b/algorithms/string_reverse.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e6b6988
--- /dev/null
+++ b/algorithms/string_reverse.c
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+
+char * rev(char *s)
+{
+  int l = strlen(s);
+  char res[l+1];
+  int k = 0;
+  for (int i = l-1; i >= 0; i--) { // unsigned not!
+    res[k] = s[i];
+    k++;
+  }
+  res[l] = 0;
+  return res;
+}
+
+void rev_inplace(char *s)
+{
+  char temp;
+  int j = strlen(s)-1;
+  for (int i = 0; i <= j; i++) {
+    temp = s[i];
+    s[i] = s[j];
+    s[j] = temp;
+    j--;
+  }
+}
+
+
+int main(void)
+{
+  char *s = "Asdf"; 
+  printf("%s\n", s);
+  char *r = rev(s);
+  printf("%s\n", r);
+  char t[] = "fdsA"; 
+  rev_inplace(t);
+  printf("%s\n", t);
+  return 0;
+}
+
diff --git a/algorithms/string_reverse.cc b/algorithms/string_reverse.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8b3e12c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/algorithms/string_reverse.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <string>
+
+using namespace std;
+
+
+string rev(string &s)
+{
+  string res;
+  for (int i = s.size()-1; i >= 0; i--) { // unsigned not!
+    res += s[i];
+  }
+  return res;
+}
+
+void rev_inplace(string &s)
+{
+  char temp;
+  int j = s.size()-1;
+  for (int i = 0; i < j; i++, j--) {
+    temp = s[i];
+    s[i] = s[j];
+    s[j] = temp;
+  }
+}
+
+
+int main()
+{
+  string s = "Asdf";
+  cout << rev(s) << endl << "---" << endl;
+  cout << s << endl;
+  rev_inplace(s);
+  cout << s << endl;
+  return 0;
+}
+
diff --git a/algorithms/string_reverse.py b/algorithms/string_reverse.py
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..1cebda4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/algorithms/string_reverse.py
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python2
+
+
+s = "Madam"
+print s
+print ''.join([s[i] for i in range(len(s)-1, -1, -1)])
+
diff --git a/algorithms/sudoku.py b/algorithms/sudoku.py
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..1fa1824
--- /dev/null
+++ b/algorithms/sudoku.py
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python2
+
+
+block = [ [1, 2, 3],
+          [1, 2, 3],
+          [1, 2, 3]
+]
+
+print "bs"
+sums = []
+for i in [0,1,2]:
+  sumh = 0
+  sumv = 0
+  for j in [0,1,2]:
+     sumh += block[i][j]
+     sumv += block[j][i]
+  print "horiz %d, vert %d"%(sumh, sumv)
+  sums += [sumv, sumh]
+
+if sum(sums) != 6*9: print "ohoh"
+
+# ---
+
+#                                           0          1          2
+s = [ [1, 2, 3,   4, 5 ,6,   7, 8, 9], #00 01 02   03 04 05   06 07 08
+      [1, 2, 3,   4, 5, 6,   7, 8, 9], #10 11 12   13 14 15   16 17 18
+      [1, 2, 3,   4, 5, 6,   7, 8, 9], #20 21 22   23 24 25   26 27 28
+
+                                       #    3          4          5
+      [1, 2, 3,   4, 5, 6,   7, 8, 9], #30 31 32   33 34 35   36 37 38
+      [1, 2, 3,   4, 5, 6,   7, 8, 9], #40 41 42   43 44 45   46 47 48
+      [1, 2, 3,   4, 5, 6,   7, 8, 9], #50 51 52   53 54 55   56 57 58
+
+      [1, 2, 3,   4, 5, 6,   7, 8, 9],
+      [1, 2, 3,   4, 5, 6,   7, 8, 9],
+      [1, 2, 3,   4, 5, 6,   7, 8, 9]
+ ]
+
+"""
+0 1 2
+2 3 4
+4 5 6
+
+
+0 1 2  3 4 5  6 7 8
+1 2 3  4 5 6  7 8 9
+2 3 4  5 6 7  8 9 10
+
+3 4 5  6 7 8  9 10 11
+4 5 6  7 8 9 10 11 12
+
+
+i = 0 1 2 => 0 1 2
+i = 3 4 5 => 3 4 5
+i = 6 7 8 => 6 7 8
+
+j = 0 1 2 => 0 3 6
+j = 3 4 5 => 1 4 7
+j = 6 7 8 => 2 5 8
+
+
+i=0
+ j=0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
+i=1
+ j=1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 8 9
+"""
+
+blocksums = [0 for i in range(0,9)]
+third = 0
+block = 0
+for i in range(0,9):
+  sumh = 0
+  sumv = 0
+  if i > 0 and i%3 == 0:
+    third += 1
+  block = third*3
+  for j in range(0,9):
+    if j > 0 and j%3 == 0:
+      block += 1
+    print "%d %d, %d"%(i,j,block)
+    sumh += s[i][j]
+    sumv += s[j][i]
+    blocksums[block] = s[i][j]
+  sums += [sumh, sumv]
+  print "---"
+
+sums += blocksums
+
+if sum(sums) != 45*len(sums): print "ohoh"
+