summaryrefslogtreecommitdiff
path: root/vest/dist-vest.pl
blob: c382a97274544398a0e88082132486d165ef516c (plain)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
#!/usr/bin/env perl
use strict;
my @ORIG_ARGV=@ARGV;
use Cwd qw(getcwd);
my $SCRIPT_DIR; BEGIN { use Cwd qw/ abs_path /; use File::Basename; $SCRIPT_DIR = dirname(abs_path($0)); push @INC, $SCRIPT_DIR, "$SCRIPT_DIR/../environment"; }

# Skip local config (used for distributing jobs) if we're running in local-only mode
use LocalConfig;
use Getopt::Long;
use IPC::Open2;
use POSIX ":sys_wait_h";
my $QSUB_CMD = qsub_args(mert_memory());

require "libcall.pl";

# Default settings
my $srcFile;
my $refFiles;
my $default_jobs = env_default_jobs();
my $bin_dir = $SCRIPT_DIR;
die "Bin directory $bin_dir missing/inaccessible" unless -d $bin_dir;
my $FAST_SCORE="$bin_dir/../mteval/fast_score";
die "Can't execute $FAST_SCORE" unless -x $FAST_SCORE;
my $MAPINPUT = "$bin_dir/mr_vest_generate_mapper_input";
my $MAPPER = "$bin_dir/mr_vest_map";
my $REDUCER = "$bin_dir/mr_vest_reduce";
my $parallelize = "$bin_dir/parallelize.pl";
my $libcall = "$bin_dir/libcall.pl";
my $sentserver = "$bin_dir/sentserver";
my $sentclient = "$bin_dir/sentclient";
my $LocalConfig = "$SCRIPT_DIR/../environment/LocalConfig.pm";

my $SCORER = $FAST_SCORE;
die "Can't find $MAPPER" unless -x $MAPPER;
my $cdec = "$bin_dir/../decoder/cdec";
die "Can't find decoder in $cdec" unless -x $cdec;
die "Can't find $parallelize" unless -x $parallelize;
die "Can't find $libcall" unless -e $libcall;
my $decoder = $cdec;
my $lines_per_mapper = 400;
my $rand_directions = 15;
my $iteration = 1;
my $best_weights;
my $max_iterations = 15;
my $optimization_iters = 6;
my $jobs = $default_jobs;   # number of decode nodes
my $pmem = "9g";
my $disable_clean = 0;
my %seen_weights;
my $normalize;
my $help = 0;
my $epsilon = 0.0001;
my $interval = 5;
my $dryrun = 0;
my $last_score = -10000000;
my $metric = "ibm_bleu";
my $dir;
my $iniFile;
my $weights;
my $initialWeights;
my $decoderOpt;
my $noprimary;
my $maxsim=0;
my $oraclen=0;
my $oracleb=20;
my $bleu_weight=1;
my $use_make = 1;  # use make to parallelize line search
my $dirargs='';
my $density_prune;
my $useqsub;
my $pass_suffix = '';
my $cpbin=1;
# Process command-line options
Getopt::Long::Configure("no_auto_abbrev");
if (GetOptions(
	"decoder=s" => \$decoderOpt,
	"jobs=i" => \$jobs,
	"density-prune=f" => \$density_prune,
	"dont-clean" => \$disable_clean,
	"pass-suffix=s" => \$pass_suffix,
	"dry-run" => \$dryrun,
	"epsilon=s" => \$epsilon,
	"help" => \$help,
	"interval" => \$interval,
	"qsub" => \$useqsub,
	"max-iterations=i" => \$max_iterations,
	"normalize=s" => \$normalize,
	"pmem=s" => \$pmem,
        "cpbin!" => \$cpbin,
	"rand-directions=i" => \$rand_directions,
	"random_directions=i" => \$rand_directions,
        "bleu_weight=s" => \$bleu_weight,
        "no-primary!" => \$noprimary,
        "max-similarity=s" => \$maxsim,
        "oracle-directions=i" => \$oraclen,
        "n-oracle=i" => \$oraclen,
        "oracle-batch=i" => \$oracleb,
        "directions-args=s" => \$dirargs,
	"ref-files=s" => \$refFiles,
	"metric=s" => \$metric,
	"source-file=s" => \$srcFile,
	"weights=s" => \$initialWeights,
	"workdir=s" => \$dir,
    "opt-iterations=i" => \$optimization_iters,
) == 0 || @ARGV!=1 || $help) {
	print_help();
	exit;
}

if (defined $density_prune) {
  die "--density_prune n: n must be greater than 1.0\n" unless $density_prune > 1.0;
}

if ($useqsub) {
  $use_make = 0;
  die "LocalEnvironment.pm does not have qsub configuration for this host. Cannot run with --qsub!\n" unless has_qsub();
}

my @missing_args = ();
if (!defined $srcFile) { push @missing_args, "--source-file"; }
if (!defined $refFiles) { push @missing_args, "--ref-files"; }
if (!defined $initialWeights) { push @missing_args, "--weights"; }
die "Please specify missing arguments: " . join (', ', @missing_args) . "\n" if (@missing_args);

if ($metric =~ /^(combi|ter)$/i) {
  $lines_per_mapper = 40;
} elsif ($metric =~ /^meteor$/i) {
  $lines_per_mapper = 2000;   # start up time is really high
}

($iniFile) = @ARGV;


sub write_config;
sub enseg;
sub print_help;

my $nodelist;
my $host =check_output("hostname"); chomp $host;
my $bleu;
my $interval_count = 0;
my $logfile;
my $projected_score;

# used in sorting scores
my $DIR_FLAG = '-r';
if ($metric =~ /^ter$|^aer$/i) {
  $DIR_FLAG = '';
}

my $refs_comma_sep = get_comma_sep_refs('r',$refFiles);

unless ($dir){
	$dir = "vest";
}
unless ($dir =~ /^\//){  # convert relative path to absolute path
	my $basedir = check_output("pwd");
	chomp $basedir;
	$dir = "$basedir/$dir";
}

if ($decoderOpt){ $decoder = $decoderOpt; }


# Initializations and helper functions
srand;

my @childpids = ();
my @cleanupcmds = ();

sub cleanup {
	print STDERR "Cleanup...\n";
	for my $pid (@childpids){ unchecked_call("kill $pid"); }
	for my $cmd (@cleanupcmds){ unchecked_call("$cmd"); }
	exit 1;
};
# Always call cleanup, no matter how we exit
*CORE::GLOBAL::exit = 
    sub{ cleanup(); }; 
$SIG{INT} = "cleanup";
$SIG{TERM} = "cleanup";
$SIG{HUP} = "cleanup";

my $decoderBase = check_output("basename $decoder"); chomp $decoderBase;
my $newIniFile = "$dir/$decoderBase.ini";
my $inputFileName = "$dir/input";
my $user = $ENV{"USER"};


# process ini file
-e $iniFile || die "Error: could not open $iniFile for reading\n";
open(INI, $iniFile);

use File::Basename qw(basename);
#pass bindir, refs to vars holding bin
sub modbin {
    local $_;
    my $bindir=shift;
    check_call("mkdir -p $bindir");
    -d $bindir || die "couldn't make bindir $bindir";
    for (@_) {
        my $src=$$_;
        $$_="$bindir/".basename($src);
        check_call("cp -p $src $$_");
    }
}
sub dirsize {
    opendir ISEMPTY,$_[0];
    return scalar(readdir(ISEMPTY))-1;
}
if ($dryrun){
	write_config(*STDERR);
	exit 0;
} else {
	if (-e $dir && dirsize($dir)>1 && -e "$dir/hgs" ){ # allow preexisting logfile, binaries, but not dist-vest.pl outputs
	  die "ERROR: working dir $dir already exists\n\n";
	} else {
		-e $dir || mkdir $dir;
		mkdir "$dir/hgs";
        modbin("$dir/bin",\$LocalConfig,\$cdec,\$SCORER,\$MAPINPUT,\$MAPPER,\$REDUCER,\$parallelize,\$sentserver,\$sentclient,\$libcall) if $cpbin;
    mkdir "$dir/scripts";
        my $cmdfile="$dir/rerun-vest.sh";
        open CMD,'>',$cmdfile;
        print CMD "cd ",&getcwd,"\n";
#        print CMD &escaped_cmdline,"\n"; #buggy - last arg is quoted.
        my $cline=&cmdline."\n";
        print CMD $cline;
        close CMD;
        print STDERR $cline;
        chmod(0755,$cmdfile);
		unless (-e $initialWeights) {
			print STDERR "Please specify an initial weights file with --initial-weights\n";
			print_help();
			exit;
		}
		check_call("cp $initialWeights $dir/weights.0");
		die "Can't find weights.0" unless (-e "$dir/weights.0");
	}
	write_config(*STDERR);
}


# Generate initial files and values
check_call("cp $iniFile $newIniFile");
$iniFile = $newIniFile;

my $newsrc = "$dir/dev.input";
enseg($srcFile, $newsrc);
$srcFile = $newsrc;
my $devSize = 0;
open F, "<$srcFile" or die "Can't read $srcFile: $!";
while(<F>) { $devSize++; }
close F;

unless($best_weights){ $best_weights = $weights; }
unless($projected_score){ $projected_score = 0.0; }
$seen_weights{$weights} = 1;

my $random_seed = int(time / 1000);
my $lastWeightsFile;
my $lastPScore = 0;
# main optimization loop
while (1){
	print STDERR "\n\nITERATION $iteration\n==========\n";

	if ($iteration > $max_iterations){
		print STDERR "\nREACHED STOPPING CRITERION: Maximum iterations\n";
		last;
	}
	# iteration-specific files
	my $runFile="$dir/run.raw.$iteration";
	my $onebestFile="$dir/1best.$iteration";
	my $logdir="$dir/logs.$iteration";
	my $decoderLog="$logdir/decoder.sentserver.log.$iteration";
	my $scorerLog="$logdir/scorer.log.$iteration";
	check_call("mkdir -p $logdir");


	#decode
	print STDERR "RUNNING DECODER AT ";
	print STDERR unchecked_output("date");
	my $im1 = $iteration - 1;
	my $weightsFile="$dir/weights.$im1";
	my $decoder_cmd = "$decoder -c $iniFile --weights$pass_suffix $weightsFile -O $dir/hgs";
	my $pcmd;
	if ($use_make) {
		$pcmd = "cat $srcFile | $parallelize --use-fork -p $pmem -e $logdir -j $jobs --";
	} else {
		$pcmd = "cat $srcFile | $parallelize -p $pmem -e $logdir -j $jobs --";
	}
	my $cmd = "$pcmd $decoder_cmd 2> $decoderLog 1> $runFile";
	print STDERR "COMMAND:\n$cmd\n";
	check_bash_call($cmd);
        my $num_hgs;
        my $num_topbest;
        my $retries = 0;
	while($retries < 5) {
	    $num_hgs = check_output("ls $dir/hgs/*.gz | wc -l");
	    $num_topbest = check_output("wc -l < $runFile");
	    print STDERR "NUMBER OF HGs: $num_hgs\n";
	    print STDERR "NUMBER OF TOP-BEST HYPs: $num_topbest\n";
	    if($devSize == $num_hgs && $devSize == $num_topbest) {
		last;
	    } else {
		print STDERR "Incorrect number of hypergraphs or topbest. Waiting for distributed filesystem and retrying...\n";
		sleep(3);
	    }
	    $retries++;
	}
	die "Dev set contains $devSize sentences, but we don't have topbest and hypergraphs for all these! Decoder failure? Check $decoderLog\n" if ($devSize != $num_hgs || $devSize != $num_topbest);
	my $dec_score = check_output("cat $runFile | $SCORER $refs_comma_sep -m $metric");
	chomp $dec_score;
	print STDERR "DECODER SCORE: $dec_score\n";

	# save space
	check_call("gzip -f $runFile");
	check_call("gzip -f $decoderLog");

	# run optimizer
	print STDERR "RUNNING OPTIMIZER AT ";
	print STDERR unchecked_output("date");
	my $mergeLog="$logdir/prune-merge.log.$iteration";

	my $score = 0;
	my $icc = 0;
	my $inweights="$dir/weights.$im1";
	for (my $opt_iter=1; $opt_iter<$optimization_iters; $opt_iter++) {
		print STDERR "\nGENERATE OPTIMIZATION STRATEGY (OPT-ITERATION $opt_iter/$optimization_iters)\n";
		print STDERR unchecked_output("date");
		$icc++;
		my $nop=$noprimary?"--no_primary":"";
		my $targs=$oraclen ? "--decoder_translations='$runFile.gz' ".get_comma_sep_refs('-references',$refFiles):"";
		my $bwargs=$bleu_weight!=1 ? "--bleu_weight=$bleu_weight":"";
		$cmd="$MAPINPUT -w $inweights -r $dir/hgs $bwargs -s $devSize -d $rand_directions --max_similarity=$maxsim --oracle_directions=$oraclen --oracle_batch=$oracleb $targs $dirargs > $dir/agenda.$im1-$opt_iter";
		print STDERR "COMMAND:\n$cmd\n";
		check_call($cmd);
		check_call("mkdir -p $dir/splag.$im1");
		$cmd="split -a 3 -l $lines_per_mapper $dir/agenda.$im1-$opt_iter $dir/splag.$im1/mapinput.";
		print STDERR "COMMAND:\n$cmd\n";
		check_call($cmd);
		opendir(DIR, "$dir/splag.$im1") or die "Can't open directory: $!";
		my @shards = grep { /^mapinput\./ } readdir(DIR);
		closedir DIR;
		die "No shards!" unless scalar @shards > 0;
		my $joblist = "";
		my $nmappers = 0;
		my @mapoutputs = ();
		@cleanupcmds = ();
		my %o2i = ();
		my $first_shard = 1;
		my $mkfile; # only used with makefiles
		my $mkfilename;
		if ($use_make) {
			$mkfilename = "$dir/splag.$im1/domap.mk";
			open $mkfile, ">$mkfilename" or die "Couldn't write $mkfilename: $!";
			print $mkfile "all: $dir/splag.$im1/map.done\n\n";
		}
		my @mkouts = ();  # only used with makefiles
		for my $shard (@shards) {
			my $mapoutput = $shard;
			my $client_name = $shard;
			$client_name =~ s/mapinput.//;
			$client_name = "vest.$client_name";
			$mapoutput =~ s/mapinput/mapoutput/;
			push @mapoutputs, "$dir/splag.$im1/$mapoutput";
			$o2i{"$dir/splag.$im1/$mapoutput"} = "$dir/splag.$im1/$shard";
			my $script = "$MAPPER -s $srcFile -l $metric $refs_comma_sep < $dir/splag.$im1/$shard | sort -t \$'\\t' -k 1 > $dir/splag.$im1/$mapoutput";
			if ($use_make) {
				my $script_file = "$dir/scripts/map.$shard";
				open F, ">$script_file" or die "Can't write $script_file: $!";
				print F "#!/bin/bash\n";
				print F "$script\n";
				close F;
				my $output = "$dir/splag.$im1/$mapoutput";
				push @mkouts, $output;
				chmod(0755, $script_file) or die "Can't chmod $script_file: $!";
				if ($first_shard) { print STDERR "$script\n"; $first_shard=0; }
				print $mkfile "$output: $dir/splag.$im1/$shard\n\t$script_file\n\n";
			} else {
				my $script_file = "$dir/scripts/map.$shard";
				open F, ">$script_file" or die "Can't write $script_file: $!";
				print F "$script\n";
				close F;
				if ($first_shard) { print STDERR "$script\n"; $first_shard=0; }

				$nmappers++;
				my $qcmd = "$QSUB_CMD -N $client_name -o /dev/null -e $logdir/$client_name.ER $script_file";
				my $jobid = check_output("$qcmd");
				chomp $jobid;
				$jobid =~ s/^(\d+)(.*?)$/\1/g;
				$jobid =~ s/^Your job (\d+) .*$/\1/;
		 	 	push(@cleanupcmds, "qdel $jobid 2> /dev/null");
				print STDERR " $jobid";
				if ($joblist == "") { $joblist = $jobid; }
				else {$joblist = $joblist . "\|" . $jobid; }
			}
		}
		if ($use_make) {
			print $mkfile "$dir/splag.$im1/map.done: @mkouts\n\ttouch $dir/splag.$im1/map.done\n\n";
			close $mkfile;
			my $mcmd = "make -j $jobs -f $mkfilename";
			print STDERR "\nExecuting: $mcmd\n";
			check_call($mcmd);
		} else {
			print STDERR "\nLaunched $nmappers mappers.\n";
      			sleep 8;
			print STDERR "Waiting for mappers to complete...\n";
			while ($nmappers > 0) {
			  sleep 5;
			  my @livejobs = grep(/$joblist/, split(/\n/, unchecked_output("qstat | grep -v ' C '")));
			  $nmappers = scalar @livejobs;
			}
			print STDERR "All mappers complete.\n";
		}
		my $tol = 0;
		my $til = 0;
		for my $mo (@mapoutputs) {
		  my $olines = get_lines($mo);
		  my $ilines = get_lines($o2i{$mo});
		  $tol += $olines;
		  $til += $ilines;
		  die "$mo: output lines ($olines) doesn't match input lines ($ilines)" unless $olines==$ilines;
		}
		print STDERR "Results for $tol/$til lines\n";
		print STDERR "\nSORTING AND RUNNING VEST REDUCER\n";
		print STDERR unchecked_output("date");
		$cmd="sort -t \$'\\t' -k 1 @mapoutputs | $REDUCER -l $metric > $dir/redoutput.$im1";
		print STDERR "COMMAND:\n$cmd\n";
		check_bash_call($cmd);
		$cmd="sort -nk3 $DIR_FLAG '-t|' $dir/redoutput.$im1 | head -1";
		# sort returns failure even when it doesn't fail for some reason
		my $best=unchecked_output("$cmd"); chomp $best;
		print STDERR "$best\n";
		my ($oa, $x, $xscore) = split /\|/, $best;
		$score = $xscore;
		print STDERR "PROJECTED SCORE: $score\n";
		if (abs($x) < $epsilon) {
			print STDERR "\nOPTIMIZER: no score improvement: abs($x) < $epsilon\n";
			last;
		}
                my $psd = $score - $last_score;
                $last_score = $score;
		if (abs($psd) < $epsilon) {
			print STDERR "\nOPTIMIZER: no score improvement: abs($psd) < $epsilon\n";
			last;
		}
		my ($origin, $axis) = split /\s+/, $oa;

		my %ori = convert($origin);
		my %axi = convert($axis);

		my $finalFile="$dir/weights.$im1-$opt_iter";
		open W, ">$finalFile" or die "Can't write: $finalFile: $!";
                my $norm = 0;
		for my $k (sort keys %ori) {
			my $dd = $ori{$k} + $axi{$k} * $x;
                        $norm += $dd * $dd;
		}
                $norm = sqrt($norm);
		$norm = 1;
		for my $k (sort keys %ori) {
			my $v = ($ori{$k} + $axi{$k} * $x) / $norm;
			print W "$k $v\n";
		}
		check_call("rm $dir/splag.$im1/*");
		$inweights = $finalFile;
	}
	$lastWeightsFile = "$dir/weights.$iteration";
	check_call("cp $inweights $lastWeightsFile");
	if ($icc < 2) {
		print STDERR "\nREACHED STOPPING CRITERION: score change too little\n";
		last;
	}
	$lastPScore = $score;
	$iteration++;
	print STDERR "\n==========\n";
}

print STDERR "\nFINAL WEIGHTS: $lastWeightsFile\n(Use -w <this file> with the decoder)\n\n";

print STDOUT "$lastWeightsFile\n";

exit 0;

sub normalize_weights {
  my ($rfn, $rpts, $feat) = @_;
  my @feat_names = @$rfn;
  my @pts = @$rpts;
  my $z = 1.0;
  for (my $i=0; $i < scalar @feat_names; $i++) {
    if ($feat_names[$i] eq $feat) {
      $z = $pts[$i];
      last;
    }
  }
  for (my $i=0; $i < scalar @feat_names; $i++) {
    $pts[$i] /= $z;
  }
  print STDERR " NORM WEIGHTS: @pts\n";
  return @pts;
}

sub get_lines {
  my $fn = shift @_;
  open FL, "<$fn" or die "Couldn't read $fn: $!";
  my $lc = 0;
  while(<FL>) { $lc++; }
  return $lc;
}

sub get_comma_sep_refs {
  my ($r,$p) = @_;
  my $o = check_output("echo $p");
  chomp $o;
  my @files = split /\s+/, $o;
  return "-$r " . join(" -$r ", @files);
}

sub read_weights_file {
  my ($file) = @_;
  open F, "<$file" or die "Couldn't read $file: $!";
  my @r = ();
  my $pm = -1;
  while(<F>) {
    next if /^#/;
    next if /^\s*$/;
    chomp;
    if (/^(.+)\s+(.+)$/) {
      my $m = $1;
      my $w = $2;
      die "Weights out of order: $m <= $pm" unless $m > $pm;
      push @r, $w;
    } else {
      warn "Unexpected feature name in weight file: $_";
    }
  }
  close F;
  return join ' ', @r;
}

# subs
sub write_config {
	my $fh = shift;
	my $cleanup = "yes";
	if ($disable_clean) {$cleanup = "no";}

	print $fh "\n";
	print $fh "DECODER:          $decoder\n";
	print $fh "INI FILE:         $iniFile\n";
	print $fh "WORKING DIR:      $dir\n";
	print $fh "SOURCE (DEV):     $srcFile\n";
	print $fh "REFS (DEV):       $refFiles\n";
	print $fh "EVAL METRIC:      $metric\n";
	print $fh "START ITERATION:  $iteration\n";
	print $fh "MAX ITERATIONS:   $max_iterations\n";
	print $fh "PARALLEL JOBS:    $jobs\n";
	print $fh "HEAD NODE:        $host\n";
	print $fh "PMEM (DECODING):  $pmem\n";
	print $fh "CLEANUP:          $cleanup\n";
	print $fh "INITIAL WEIGHTS:  $initialWeights\n";
}

sub update_weights_file {
  my ($neww, $rfn, $rpts) = @_;
  my @feats = @$rfn;
  my @pts = @$rpts;
  my $num_feats = scalar @feats;
  my $num_pts = scalar @pts;
  die "$num_feats (num_feats) != $num_pts (num_pts)" unless $num_feats == $num_pts;
  open G, ">$neww" or die;
  for (my $i = 0; $i < $num_feats; $i++) {
    my $f = $feats[$i];
    my $lambda = $pts[$i];
    print G "$f $lambda\n";
  }
  close G;
}

sub enseg {
	my $src = shift;
	my $newsrc = shift;
	open(SRC, $src);
	open(NEWSRC, ">$newsrc");
	my $i=0;
	while (my $line=<SRC>){
		chomp $line;
		if ($line =~ /^\s*<seg/i) {
		    if($line =~ /id="[0-9]+"/) {
			print NEWSRC "$line\n";
		    } else {
			die "When using segments with pre-generated <seg> tags, you must include a zero-based id attribute";
		    }
		} else {
			print NEWSRC "<seg id=\"$i\">$line</seg>\n";
		}
		$i++;
	}
	close SRC;
	close NEWSRC;
}

sub print_help {

	my $executable = check_output("basename $0"); chomp $executable;
    print << "Help";

Usage: $executable [options] <ini file>

	$executable [options] <ini file>
		Runs a complete MERT optimization using the decoder configuration
                in <ini file>. Required options are --weights, --source-file, and
		--ref-files.

Options:

	--help
		Print this message and exit.

	--max-iterations <M>
		Maximum number of iterations to run.  If not specified, defaults
		to 10.

	--pass-suffix <S>
		If the decoder is doing multi-pass decoding, the pass suffix "2",
		"3", etc., is used to control what iteration of weights is set.

	--ref-files <files>
		Dev set ref files.  This option takes only a single string argument.
		To use multiple files (including file globbing), this argument should
		be quoted.

	--metric <method>
		Metric to optimize.
		Example values: IBM_BLEU, NIST_BLEU, Koehn_BLEU, TER, Combi

	--normalize <feature-name>
		After each iteration, rescale all feature weights such that feature-
		name has a weight of 1.0.

	--rand-directions <num>
		MERT will attempt to optimize along all of the principle directions,
		set this parameter to explore other directions. Defaults to 5.

	--source-file <file>
		Dev set source file.

	--weights <file>
		A file specifying initial feature weights.  The format is
		FeatureName_1 value1
		FeatureName_2 value2
		**All and only the weights listed in <file> will be optimized!**

	--workdir <dir>
		Directory for intermediate and output files.  If not specified, the
		name is derived from the ini filename.  Assuming that the ini
		filename begins with the decoder name and ends with ini, the default
		name of the working directory is inferred from the middle part of
		the filename.  E.g. an ini file named decoder.foo.ini would have
		a default working directory name foo.

Job control options:

	--jobs <I>
		Number of decoder processes to run in parallel. [default=$default_jobs]

	--qsub
		Use qsub to run jobs in parallel (qsub must be configured in
		environment/LocalEnvironment.pm)

	--pmem <N>
		Amount of physical memory requested for parallel decoding jobs
		(used with qsub requests only)

Help
}

sub convert {
  my ($str) = @_;
  my @ps = split /;/, $str;
  my %dict = ();
  for my $p (@ps) {
    my ($k, $v) = split /=/, $p;
    $dict{$k} = $v;
  }
  return %dict;
}



sub cmdline {
    return join ' ',($0,@ORIG_ARGV);
}

#buggy: last arg gets quoted sometimes?
my $is_shell_special=qr{[ \t\n\\><|&;"'`~*?{}$!()]};
my $shell_escape_in_quote=qr{[\\"\$`!]};

sub escape_shell {
    my ($arg)=@_;
    return undef unless defined $arg;
    if ($arg =~ /$is_shell_special/) {
        $arg =~ s/($shell_escape_in_quote)/\\$1/g;
        return "\"$arg\"";
    }
    return $arg;
}

sub escaped_shell_args {
    return map {local $_=$_;chomp;escape_shell($_)} @_;
}

sub escaped_shell_args_str {
    return join ' ',&escaped_shell_args(@_);
}

sub escaped_cmdline {
    return "$0 ".&escaped_shell_args_str(@ORIG_ARGV);
}