Move non-MaxEnt code out of utils

1. alignment.h, argument_reorder_model.h, src_sentence.h, tree.h,
   tsuruoka_maxent.h -> decoder/ff_const_reorder_common.h.

2. Trainers source files (argument_reorder_model.cc and
   constituent_reorder_model.cc) are moved to training/const_reorder.

4 files changed, 953 insertions, 2 deletions

diff --git a/training/Makefile.am b/training/Makefile.am
index 8ef3c939..2812a9be 100644
--- a/training/Makefile.am
+++ b/training/Makefile.am
@@ -8,5 +8,5 @@ SUBDIRS = \
   dtrain \
   latent_svm \
   mira \
-  rampion
-
+  rampion \
+  const_reorder
diff --git a/training/const_reorder/Makefile.am b/training/const_reorder/Makefile.am
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2e81e588
--- /dev/null
+++ b/training/const_reorder/Makefile.am
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+bin_PROGRAMS = const_reorder_model_trainer argument_reorder_model_trainer
+
+AM_CPPFLAGS = -I$(top_srcdir) -I$(top_srcdir)/utils -I$(top_srcdir)/decoder
+
+const_reorder_model_trainer_SOURCES = constituent_reorder_model.cc
+const_reorder_model_trainer_LDADD = ../../utils/libutils.a
+argument_reorder_model_trainer_SOURCES = argument_reorder_model.cc
+argument_reorder_model_trainer_LDADD = ../../utils/libutils.a
diff --git a/training/const_reorder/argument_reorder_model.cc b/training/const_reorder/argument_reorder_model.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..54402436
--- /dev/null
+++ b/training/const_reorder/argument_reorder_model.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,307 @@
+/*
+ * argument_reorder_model.cc
+ *
+ *  Created on: Dec 15, 2013
+ *      Author: lijunhui
+ */
+
+#include <boost/program_options.hpp>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <fstream>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "utils/filelib.h"
+
+#include "decoder/ff_const_reorder_common.h"
+
+using namespace std;
+using namespace const_reorder;
+
+inline void fnPreparingTrainingdata(const char* pszFName, int iCutoff,
+                                    const char* pszNewFName) {
+  Map hashPredicate;
+  {
+    ReadFile in(pszFName);
+    string line;
+    while (getline(*in.stream(), line)) {
+      if (!line.size()) continue;
+      vector<string> terms;
+      SplitOnWhitespace(line, &terms);
+      for (const auto& i : terms) {
+        ++hashPredicate[i];
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  {
+    ReadFile in(pszFName);
+    WriteFile out(pszNewFName);
+    string line;
+    while (getline(*in.stream(), line)) {
+      if (!line.size()) continue;
+      vector<string> terms;
+      SplitOnWhitespace(line, &terms);
+      bool written = false;
+      for (const auto& i : terms) {
+        if (hashPredicate[i] >= iCutoff) {
+          (*out.stream()) << i << " ";
+          written = true;
+        }
+      }
+      if (written) {
+        (*out.stream()) << "\n";
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+struct SArgumentReorderTrainer {
+  SArgumentReorderTrainer(
+      const char* pszSRLFname,           // source-side srl tree file name
+      const char* pszAlignFname,         // alignment filename
+      const char* pszSourceFname,        // source file name
+      const char* pszTargetFname,        // target file name
+      const char* pszTopPredicateFname,  // target file name
+      const char* pszInstanceFname,      // training instance file name
+      const char* pszModelFname,         // classifier model file name
+      int iCutoff) {
+    fnGenerateInstanceFiles(pszSRLFname, pszAlignFname, pszSourceFname,
+                            pszTargetFname, pszTopPredicateFname,
+                            pszInstanceFname);
+
+    string strInstanceFname, strModelFname;
+    strInstanceFname = string(pszInstanceFname) + string(".left");
+    strModelFname = string(pszModelFname) + string(".left");
+    fnTraining(strInstanceFname.c_str(), strModelFname.c_str(), iCutoff);
+    strInstanceFname = string(pszInstanceFname) + string(".right");
+    strModelFname = string(pszModelFname) + string(".right");
+    fnTraining(strInstanceFname.c_str(), strModelFname.c_str(), iCutoff);
+  }
+
+  ~SArgumentReorderTrainer() {}
+
+ private:
+  void fnTraining(const char* pszInstanceFname, const char* pszModelFname,
+                  int iCutoff) {
+    char* pszNewInstanceFName = new char[strlen(pszInstanceFname) + 50];
+    if (iCutoff > 0) {
+      sprintf(pszNewInstanceFName, "%s.tmp", pszInstanceFname);
+      fnPreparingTrainingdata(pszInstanceFname, iCutoff, pszNewInstanceFName);
+    } else {
+      strcpy(pszNewInstanceFName, pszInstanceFname);
+    }
+
+    Tsuruoka_Maxent* pMaxent = new Tsuruoka_Maxent(NULL);
+    pMaxent->fnTrain(pszNewInstanceFName, "l1", pszModelFname, 300);
+    delete pMaxent;
+
+    if (strcmp(pszNewInstanceFName, pszInstanceFname) != 0) {
+      sprintf(pszNewInstanceFName, "rm %s.tmp", pszInstanceFname);
+      system(pszNewInstanceFName);
+    }
+    delete[] pszNewInstanceFName;
+  }
+
+  void fnGenerateInstanceFiles(
+      const char* pszSRLFname,     // source-side flattened parse tree file name
+      const char* pszAlignFname,   // alignment filename
+      const char* pszSourceFname,  // source file name
+      const char* pszTargetFname,  // target file name
+      const char* pszTopPredicateFname,  // top predicate file name (we only
+                                         // consider predicates with 100+
+                                         // occurrences
+      const char* pszInstanceFname       // training instance file name
+      ) {
+    SAlignmentReader* pAlignReader = new SAlignmentReader(pszAlignFname);
+    SSrlSentenceReader* pSRLReader = new SSrlSentenceReader(pszSRLFname);
+    ReadFile source_file(pszSourceFname);
+    ReadFile target_file(pszTargetFname);
+
+    Map* pMapPredicate;
+    if (pszTopPredicateFname != NULL)
+      pMapPredicate = fnLoadTopPredicates(pszTopPredicateFname);
+    else
+      pMapPredicate = NULL;
+
+    string line;
+
+    WriteFile left_file(pszInstanceFname + string(".left"));
+    WriteFile right_file(pszInstanceFname + string(".right"));
+
+    // read sentence by sentence
+    SAlignment* pAlign;
+    SSrlSentence* pSRL;
+    SParsedTree* pTree;
+    int iSentNum = 0;
+    while ((pAlign = pAlignReader->fnReadNextAlignment()) != NULL) {
+      pSRL = pSRLReader->fnReadNextSrlSentence();
+      assert(pSRL != NULL);
+      pTree = pSRL->m_pTree;
+      assert(getline(*source_file.stream(), line));
+      vector<string> vecSTerms;
+      SplitOnWhitespace(line, &vecSTerms);
+      assert(getline(*target_file.stream(), line));
+      vector<string> vecTTerms;
+      SplitOnWhitespace(line, &vecTTerms);
+      // vecTPOSTerms.size() == 0, given the case when an english sentence fails
+      // parsing
+
+      if (pTree != NULL) {
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < pSRL->m_vecPred.size(); i++) {
+          SPredicate* pPred = pSRL->m_vecPred[i];
+          if (strcmp(pTree->m_vecTerminals[pPred->m_iPosition]
+                         ->m_ptParent->m_pszTerm,
+                     "VA") == 0)
+            continue;
+          string strPred =
+              string(pTree->m_vecTerminals[pPred->m_iPosition]->m_pszTerm);
+          if (pMapPredicate != NULL) {
+            Map::iterator iter_map = pMapPredicate->find(strPred);
+            if (pMapPredicate != NULL && iter_map == pMapPredicate->end())
+              continue;
+          }
+
+          SPredicateItem* pPredItem = new SPredicateItem(pTree, pPred);
+
+          vector<string> vecStrBlock;
+          for (size_t j = 0; j < pPredItem->vec_items_.size(); j++) {
+            SSRLItem* pItem1 = pPredItem->vec_items_[j];
+            vecStrBlock.push_back(SArgumentReorderModel::fnGetBlockOutcome(
+                pItem1->tree_item_->m_iBegin, pItem1->tree_item_->m_iEnd,
+                pAlign));
+          }
+
+          vector<string> vecStrLeftReorderType;
+          vector<string> vecStrRightReorderType;
+          SArgumentReorderModel::fnGetReorderType(
+              pPredItem, pAlign, vecStrLeftReorderType, vecStrRightReorderType);
+          for (int j = 1; j < pPredItem->vec_items_.size(); j++) {
+            string strLeftOutcome, strRightOutcome;
+            strLeftOutcome = vecStrLeftReorderType[j - 1];
+            strRightOutcome = vecStrRightReorderType[j - 1];
+            ostringstream ostr;
+            SArgumentReorderModel::fnGenerateFeature(pTree, pPred, pPredItem, j,
+                                                     vecStrBlock[j - 1],
+                                                     vecStrBlock[j], ostr);
+
+            // fprintf(stderr, "%s %s\n", ostr.str().c_str(),
+            // strOutcome.c_str());
+            // fprintf(fpOut, "sentid=%d %s %s\n", iSentNum, ostr.str().c_str(),
+            // strOutcome.c_str());
+            (*left_file.stream()) << ostr.str() << " " << strLeftOutcome
+                                  << "\n";
+            (*right_file.stream()) << ostr.str() << " " << strRightOutcome
+                                   << "\n";
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      delete pSRL;
+
+      delete pAlign;
+      iSentNum++;
+
+      if (iSentNum % 100000 == 0) fprintf(stderr, "#%d\n", iSentNum);
+    }
+
+    delete pAlignReader;
+    delete pSRLReader;
+  }
+
+  Map* fnLoadTopPredicates(const char* pszTopPredicateFname) {
+    if (pszTopPredicateFname == NULL) return NULL;
+
+    Map* pMapPredicate = new Map();
+    // STxtFileReader* pReader = new STxtFileReader(pszTopPredicateFname);
+    ReadFile in(pszTopPredicateFname);
+    // char* pszLine = new char[50001];
+    string line;
+    int iNumCount = 0;
+    while (getline(*in.stream(), line)) {
+      if (line.size() && line[0] == '#') continue;
+      auto p = line.find(' ');
+      assert(p != string::npos);
+      int iCount = atoi(line.substr(p + 1).c_str());
+      if (iCount < 100) break;
+      (*pMapPredicate)[line] = iNumCount++;
+    }
+    return pMapPredicate;
+  }
+};
+
+namespace po = boost::program_options;
+
+inline void print_options(std::ostream& out,
+                          po::options_description const& opts) {
+  typedef std::vector<boost::shared_ptr<po::option_description> > Ds;
+  Ds const& ds = opts.options();
+  out << '"';
+  for (unsigned i = 0; i < ds.size(); ++i) {
+    if (i) out << ' ';
+    out << "--" << ds[i]->long_name();
+  }
+  out << '\n';
+}
+inline string str(char const* name, po::variables_map const& conf) {
+  return conf[name].as<string>();
+}
+
+//--srl_file /scratch0/mt_exp/gale-align/gale-align.nw.srl.cn --align_file
+/// scratch0/mt_exp/gale-align/gale-align.nw.al --source_file
+/// scratch0/mt_exp/gale-align/gale-align.nw.cn --target_file
+/// scratch0/mt_exp/gale-align/gale-align.nw.en --instance_file
+/// scratch0/mt_exp/gale-align/gale-align.nw.argreorder.instance --model_prefix
+/// scratch0/mt_exp/gale-align/gale-align.nw.argreorder.model --feature_cutoff 2
+//--srl_file /scratch0/mt_exp/gale-ctb/gale-ctb.srl.cn --align_file
+/// scratch0/mt_exp/gale-ctb/gale-ctb.align --source_file
+/// scratch0/mt_exp/gale-ctb/gale-ctb.cn --target_file
+/// scratch0/mt_exp/gale-ctb/gale-ctb.en0 --instance_file
+/// scratch0/mt_exp/gale-ctb/gale-ctb.argreorder.instance --model_prefix
+/// scratch0/mt_exp/gale-ctb/gale-ctb.argreorder.model --feature_cutoff 2
+int main(int argc, char** argv) {
+
+  po::options_description opts("Configuration options");
+  opts.add_options()("srl_file", po::value<string>(), "srl file path (input)")(
+      "align_file", po::value<string>(), "Alignment file path (input)")(
+      "source_file", po::value<string>(), "Source text file path (input)")(
+      "target_file", po::value<string>(), "Target text file path (input)")(
+      "instance_file", po::value<string>(), "Instance file path (output)")(
+      "model_prefix", po::value<string>(),
+      "Model file path prefix (output): three files will be generated")(
+      "feature_cutoff", po::value<int>()->default_value(100),
+      "Feature cutoff threshold")("help", "produce help message");
+
+  po::variables_map vm;
+  if (argc) {
+    po::store(po::parse_command_line(argc, argv, opts), vm);
+    po::notify(vm);
+  }
+
+  if (vm.count("help")) {
+    print_options(cout, opts);
+    return 1;
+  }
+
+  if (!vm.count("srl_file") || !vm.count("align_file") ||
+      !vm.count("source_file") || !vm.count("target_file") ||
+      !vm.count("instance_file") || !vm.count("model_prefix")) {
+    print_options(cout, opts);
+    if (!vm.count("parse_file")) cout << "--parse_file NOT FOUND\n";
+    if (!vm.count("align_file")) cout << "--align_file NOT FOUND\n";
+    if (!vm.count("source_file")) cout << "--source_file NOT FOUND\n";
+    if (!vm.count("target_file")) cout << "--target_file NOT FOUND\n";
+    if (!vm.count("instance_file")) cout << "--instance_file NOT FOUND\n";
+    if (!vm.count("model_prefix")) cout << "--model_prefix NOT FOUND\n";
+    exit(0);
+  }
+
+  SArgumentReorderTrainer* pTrainer = new SArgumentReorderTrainer(
+      str("srl_file", vm).c_str(), str("align_file", vm).c_str(),
+      str("source_file", vm).c_str(), str("target_file", vm).c_str(), NULL,
+      str("instance_file", vm).c_str(), str("model_prefix", vm).c_str(),
+      vm["feature_cutoff"].as<int>());
+  delete pTrainer;
+
+  return 1;
+}
diff --git a/training/const_reorder/constituent_reorder_model.cc b/training/const_reorder/constituent_reorder_model.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6bec3f0b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/training/const_reorder/constituent_reorder_model.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,636 @@
+/*
+ * constituent_reorder_model.cc
+ *
+ *  Created on: Jul 10, 2013
+ *      Author: junhuili
+ */
+
+#include <string>
+#include <unordered_map>
+
+#include <boost/program_options.hpp>
+
+#include "utils/filelib.h"
+
+#include "decoder/ff_const_reorder_common.h"
+
+using namespace std;
+using namespace const_reorder;
+
+typedef std::unordered_map<std::string, int> Map;
+typedef std::unordered_map<std::string, int>::iterator Iterator;
+
+namespace po = boost::program_options;
+
+inline void fnPreparingTrainingdata(const char* pszFName, int iCutoff,
+                                    const char* pszNewFName) {
+  Map hashPredicate;
+  {
+    ReadFile f(pszFName);
+    string line;
+    while (getline(*f.stream(), line)) {
+      if (!line.size()) continue;
+      vector<string> terms;
+      SplitOnWhitespace(line, &terms);
+      for (const auto& i : terms) {
+        ++hashPredicate[i];
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  {
+    ReadFile in(pszFName);
+    WriteFile out(pszNewFName);
+    string line;
+    while (getline(*in.stream(), line)) {
+      if (!line.size()) continue;
+      vector<string> terms;
+      SplitOnWhitespace(line, &terms);
+      bool written = false;
+      for (const auto& i : terms) {
+        if (hashPredicate[i] >= iCutoff) {
+          (*out.stream()) << i << " ";
+          written = true;
+        }
+      }
+      if (written) {
+        (*out.stream()) << "\n";
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+struct SConstReorderTrainer {
+  SConstReorderTrainer(
+      const char* pszSynFname,     // source-side flattened parse tree file name
+      const char* pszAlignFname,   // alignment filename
+      const char* pszSourceFname,  // source file name
+      const char* pszTargetFname,  // target file name
+      const char* pszInstanceFname,  // training instance file name
+      const char* pszModelPrefix,    // classifier model file name prefix
+      int iCutoff,                   // feature count threshold
+      const char* /*pszOption*/  // other classifier parameters (for svmlight)
+      ) {
+    fnGenerateInstanceFile(pszSynFname, pszAlignFname, pszSourceFname,
+                           pszTargetFname, pszInstanceFname);
+
+    string strInstanceLeftFname = string(pszInstanceFname) + string(".left");
+    string strInstanceRightFname = string(pszInstanceFname) + string(".right");
+
+    string strModelLeftFname = string(pszModelPrefix) + string(".left");
+    string strModelRightFname = string(pszModelPrefix) + string(".right");
+
+    fprintf(stdout, "...Training the left ordering model\n");
+    fnTraining(strInstanceLeftFname.c_str(), strModelLeftFname.c_str(),
+               iCutoff);
+    fprintf(stdout, "...Training the right ordering model\n");
+    fnTraining(strInstanceRightFname.c_str(), strModelRightFname.c_str(),
+               iCutoff);
+  }
+  ~SConstReorderTrainer() {}
+
+ private:
+  void fnTraining(const char* pszInstanceFname, const char* pszModelFname,
+                  int iCutoff) {
+    char* pszNewInstanceFName = new char[strlen(pszInstanceFname) + 50];
+    if (iCutoff > 0) {
+      sprintf(pszNewInstanceFName, "%s.tmp", pszInstanceFname);
+      fnPreparingTrainingdata(pszInstanceFname, iCutoff, pszNewInstanceFName);
+    } else {
+      strcpy(pszNewInstanceFName, pszInstanceFname);
+    }
+
+    /*Zhangle_Maxent *pZhangleMaxent = new Zhangle_Maxent(NULL);
+pZhangleMaxent->fnTrain(pszInstanceFname, "lbfgs", pszModelFname, 100, 2.0);
+delete pZhangleMaxent;*/
+
+    Tsuruoka_Maxent* pMaxent = new Tsuruoka_Maxent(NULL);
+    pMaxent->fnTrain(pszNewInstanceFName, "l1", pszModelFname, 300);
+    delete pMaxent;
+
+    if (strcmp(pszNewInstanceFName, pszInstanceFname) != 0) {
+      sprintf(pszNewInstanceFName, "rm %s.tmp", pszInstanceFname);
+      system(pszNewInstanceFName);
+    }
+    delete[] pszNewInstanceFName;
+  }
+
+  inline bool fnIsVerbPOS(const char* pszTerm) {
+    if (strcmp(pszTerm, "VV") == 0 || strcmp(pszTerm, "VA") == 0 ||
+        strcmp(pszTerm, "VC") == 0 || strcmp(pszTerm, "VE") == 0)
+      return true;
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  inline void fnGetOutcome(int iL1, int iR1, int iL2, int iR2,
+                           const SAlignment* /*pAlign*/, string& strOutcome) {
+    if (iL1 == -1 && iL2 == -1)
+      strOutcome = "BU";  // 1. both are untranslated
+    else if (iL1 == -1)
+      strOutcome = "1U";  // 2. XP1 is untranslated
+    else if (iL2 == -1)
+      strOutcome = "2U";  // 3. XP2 is untranslated
+    else if (iL1 == iL2 && iR1 == iR2)
+      strOutcome = "SS";  // 4. Have same scope
+    else if (iL1 <= iL2 && iR1 >= iR2)
+      strOutcome = "1C2";  // 5. XP1's translation covers XP2's
+    else if (iL1 >= iL2 && iR1 <= iR2)
+      strOutcome = "2C1";  // 6. XP2's translation covers XP1's
+    else if (iR1 < iL2) {
+      int i = iR1 + 1;
+      /*while (i < iL2) {
+              if (pAlign->fnIsAligned(i, false))
+                      break;
+              i++;
+      }*/
+      if (i == iL2)
+        strOutcome = "M";  // 7. Monotone
+      else
+        strOutcome = "DM";  // 8. Discontinuous monotone
+    } else if (iL1 < iL2 && iL2 <= iR1 && iR1 < iR2)
+      strOutcome = "OM";  // 9. Overlap monotone
+    else if (iR2 < iL1) {
+      int i = iR2 + 1;
+      /*while (i < iL1) {
+              if (pAlign->fnIsAligned(i, false))
+                      break;
+              i++;
+      }*/
+      if (i == iL1)
+        strOutcome = "S";  // 10. Swap
+      else
+        strOutcome = "DS";  // 11. Discontinuous swap
+    } else if (iL2 < iL1 && iL1 <= iR2 && iR2 < iR1)
+      strOutcome = "OS";  // 12. Overlap swap
+    else
+      assert(false);
+  }
+
+  inline void fnGetOutcome(int i1, int i2, string& strOutcome) {
+    assert(i1 != i2);
+    if (i1 < i2) {
+      if (i2 > i1 + 1)
+        strOutcome = string("DM");
+      else
+        strOutcome = string("M");
+    } else {
+      if (i1 > i2 + 1)
+        strOutcome = string("DS");
+      else
+        strOutcome = string("S");
+    }
+  }
+
+  inline void fnGetRelativePosition(const vector<int>& vecLeft,
+                                    vector<int>& vecPosition) {
+    vecPosition.clear();
+
+    vector<float> vec;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < vecLeft.size(); i++) {
+      if (vecLeft[i] == -1) {
+        if (i == 0)
+          vec.push_back(-1);
+        else
+          vec.push_back(vecLeft[i - 1] + 0.1);
+      } else
+        vec.push_back(vecLeft[i]);
+    }
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < vecLeft.size(); i++) {
+      int count = 0;
+
+      for (size_t j = 0; j < vecLeft.size(); j++) {
+        if (j == i) continue;
+        if (vec[j] < vec[i]) {
+          count++;
+        } else if (vec[j] == vec[i] && j < i) {
+          count++;
+        }
+      }
+      vecPosition.push_back(count);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /*
+   * features:
+   * f1: (left_label, right_label, parent_label)
+   * f2: (left_label, right_label, parent_label, other_right_sibling_label)
+   * f3: (left_label, right_label, parent_label, other_left_sibling_label)
+   * f4: (left_label, right_label, left_head_pos)
+   * f5: (left_label, right_label, left_head_word)
+   * f6: (left_label, right_label, right_head_pos)
+   * f7: (left_label, right_label, right_head_word)
+   * f8: (left_label, right_label, left_chunk_status)
+   * f9: (left_label, right_label, right_chunk_status)
+   * f10: (left_label, parent_label)
+   * f11: (right_label, parent_label)
+   */
+  void fnGenerateInstance(const SParsedTree* pTree, const STreeItem* pParent,
+                          int iPos, const vector<string>& vecChunkStatus,
+                          const vector<int>& vecPosition,
+                          const vector<string>& vecSTerms,
+                          const vector<string>& /*vecTTerms*/, string& strOutcome,
+                          ostringstream& ostr) {
+    STreeItem* pCon1, *pCon2;
+    pCon1 = pParent->m_vecChildren[iPos - 1];
+    pCon2 = pParent->m_vecChildren[iPos];
+
+    fnGetOutcome(vecPosition[iPos - 1], vecPosition[iPos], strOutcome);
+
+    string left_label = string(pCon1->m_pszTerm);
+    string right_label = string(pCon2->m_pszTerm);
+    string parent_label = string(pParent->m_pszTerm);
+
+    vector<string> vec_other_right_sibling;
+    for (int i = iPos + 1; i < pParent->m_vecChildren.size(); i++)
+      vec_other_right_sibling.push_back(
+          string(pParent->m_vecChildren[i]->m_pszTerm));
+    if (vec_other_right_sibling.size() == 0)
+      vec_other_right_sibling.push_back(string("NULL"));
+    vector<string> vec_other_left_sibling;
+    for (int i = 0; i < iPos - 1; i++)
+      vec_other_left_sibling.push_back(
+          string(pParent->m_vecChildren[i]->m_pszTerm));
+    if (vec_other_left_sibling.size() == 0)
+      vec_other_left_sibling.push_back(string("NULL"));
+
+    // generate features
+    // f1
+    ostr << "f1=" << left_label << "_" << right_label << "_" << parent_label;
+    // f2
+    for (int i = 0; i < vec_other_right_sibling.size(); i++)
+      ostr << " f2=" << left_label << "_" << right_label << "_" << parent_label
+           << "_" << vec_other_right_sibling[i];
+    // f3
+    for (int i = 0; i < vec_other_left_sibling.size(); i++)
+      ostr << " f3=" << left_label << "_" << right_label << "_" << parent_label
+           << "_" << vec_other_left_sibling[i];
+    // f4
+    ostr << " f4=" << left_label << "_" << right_label << "_"
+         << pTree->m_vecTerminals[pCon1->m_iHeadWord]->m_ptParent->m_pszTerm;
+    // f5
+    ostr << " f5=" << left_label << "_" << right_label << "_"
+         << vecSTerms[pCon1->m_iHeadWord];
+    // f6
+    ostr << " f6=" << left_label << "_" << right_label << "_"
+         << pTree->m_vecTerminals[pCon2->m_iHeadWord]->m_ptParent->m_pszTerm;
+    // f7
+    ostr << " f7=" << left_label << "_" << right_label << "_"
+         << vecSTerms[pCon2->m_iHeadWord];
+    // f8
+    ostr << " f8=" << left_label << "_" << right_label << "_"
+         << vecChunkStatus[iPos - 1];
+    // f9
+    ostr << " f9=" << left_label << "_" << right_label << "_"
+         << vecChunkStatus[iPos];
+    // f10
+    ostr << " f10=" << left_label << "_" << parent_label;
+    // f11
+    ostr << " f11=" << right_label << "_" << parent_label;
+  }
+
+  /*
+   * Source side (11 features):
+   * f1: the categories of XP1 and XP2 (f1_1, f1_2)
+   * f2: the head words of XP1 and XP2 (f2_1, f2_2)
+   * f3: the first and last word of XP1 (f3_f, f3_l)
+   * f4: the first and last word of XP2 (f4_f, f4_l)
+   * f5: is XP1 or XP2 the head node (f5_1, f5_2)
+   * f6: the category of the common parent
+   * Target side (6 features):
+   * f7: the first and the last word of XP1's translation (f7_f, f7_l)
+   * f8: the first and the last word of XP2's translation (f8_f, f8_l)
+   * f9: the translation of XP1's and XP2's head word (f9_1, f9_2)
+   */
+  void fnGenerateInstance(const SParsedTree* /*pTree*/, const STreeItem* pParent,
+                          const STreeItem* pCon1, const STreeItem* pCon2,
+                          const SAlignment* pAlign,
+                          const vector<string>& vecSTerms,
+                          const vector<string>& /*vecTTerms*/, string& strOutcome,
+                          ostringstream& ostr) {
+
+    int iLeft1, iRight1, iLeft2, iRight2;
+    pAlign->fnGetLeftRightMost(pCon1->m_iBegin, pCon1->m_iEnd, true, iLeft1,
+                               iRight1);
+    pAlign->fnGetLeftRightMost(pCon2->m_iBegin, pCon2->m_iEnd, true, iLeft2,
+                               iRight2);
+
+    fnGetOutcome(iLeft1, iRight1, iLeft2, iRight2, pAlign, strOutcome);
+
+    // generate features
+    // f1
+    ostr << "f1_1=" << pCon1->m_pszTerm << " f1_2=" << pCon2->m_pszTerm;
+    // f2
+    ostr << " f2_1=" << vecSTerms[pCon1->m_iHeadWord] << " f2_2"
+         << vecSTerms[pCon2->m_iHeadWord];
+    // f3
+    ostr << " f3_f=" << vecSTerms[pCon1->m_iBegin]
+         << " f3_l=" << vecSTerms[pCon1->m_iEnd];
+    // f4
+    ostr << " f4_f=" << vecSTerms[pCon2->m_iBegin]
+         << " f4_l=" << vecSTerms[pCon2->m_iEnd];
+    // f5
+    if (pParent->m_iHeadChild == pCon1->m_iBrotherIndex)
+      ostr << " f5_1=1";
+    else
+      ostr << " f5_1=0";
+    if (pParent->m_iHeadChild == pCon2->m_iBrotherIndex)
+      ostr << " f5_2=1";
+    else
+      ostr << " f5_2=0";
+    // f6
+    ostr << " f6=" << pParent->m_pszTerm;
+
+    /*//f7
+    if (iLeft1 != -1) {
+            ostr << " f7_f=" << vecTTerms[iLeft1] << " f7_l=" <<
+    vecTTerms[iRight1];
+    }
+    if (iLeft2 != -1) {
+            ostr << " f8_f=" << vecTTerms[iLeft2] << " f8_l=" <<
+    vecTTerms[iRight2];
+    }
+
+    const vector<int>* pvecTarget =
+    pAlign->fnGetSingleWordAlign(pCon1->m_iHeadWord, true);
+    string str = "";
+    for (size_t i = 0; pvecTarget != NULL && i < pvecTarget->size(); i++) {
+            str += vecTTerms[(*pvecTarget)[i]] + "_";
+    }
+    if (str.length() > 0) {
+            ostr << " f9_1=" << str.substr(0, str.size()-1);
+    }
+    pvecTarget = pAlign->fnGetSingleWordAlign(pCon2->m_iHeadWord, true);
+    str = "";
+    for (size_t i = 0; pvecTarget != NULL && i < pvecTarget->size(); i++) {
+            str += vecTTerms[(*pvecTarget)[i]] + "_";
+    }
+    if (str.length() > 0) {
+            ostr << " f9_2=" << str.substr(0, str.size()-1);
+    } */
+  }
+
+  void fnGetFocusedParentNodes(const SParsedTree* pTree,
+                               vector<STreeItem*>& vecFocused) {
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < pTree->m_vecTerminals.size(); i++) {
+      STreeItem* pParent = pTree->m_vecTerminals[i]->m_ptParent;
+
+      while (pParent != NULL) {
+        // if (pParent->m_vecChildren.size() > 1 && pParent->m_iEnd -
+        // pParent->m_iBegin > 5) {
+        if (pParent->m_vecChildren.size() > 1) {
+          // do constituent reordering for all children of pParent
+          vecFocused.push_back(pParent);
+        }
+        if (pParent->m_iBrotherIndex != 0) break;
+        pParent = pParent->m_ptParent;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  void fnGenerateInstanceFile(
+      const char* pszSynFname,     // source-side flattened parse tree file name
+      const char* pszAlignFname,   // alignment filename
+      const char* pszSourceFname,  // source file name
+      const char* pszTargetFname,  // target file name
+      const char* pszInstanceFname  // training instance file name
+      ) {
+    SAlignmentReader* pAlignReader = new SAlignmentReader(pszAlignFname);
+    SParseReader* pParseReader = new SParseReader(pszSynFname, false);
+
+    ReadFile source_file(pszSourceFname);
+    ReadFile target_file(pszTargetFname);
+    string strInstanceLeftFname = string(pszInstanceFname) + string(".left");
+    string strInstanceRightFname = string(pszInstanceFname) + string(".right");
+    WriteFile left_file(strInstanceLeftFname);
+    WriteFile right_file(strInstanceRightFname);
+
+    // read sentence by sentence
+    SAlignment* pAlign;
+    SParsedTree* pTree;
+    string line;
+    int iSentNum = 0;
+    while ((pAlign = pAlignReader->fnReadNextAlignment()) != NULL) {
+      pTree = pParseReader->fnReadNextParseTree();
+
+      assert(getline(*source_file.stream(), line));
+      vector<string> vecSTerms;
+      SplitOnWhitespace(line, &vecSTerms);
+
+      assert(getline(*target_file.stream(), line));
+      vector<string> vecTTerms;
+      SplitOnWhitespace(line, &vecTTerms);
+
+      if (pTree != NULL) {
+
+        vector<STreeItem*> vecFocused;
+        fnGetFocusedParentNodes(pTree, vecFocused);
+
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < vecFocused.size(); i++) {
+
+          STreeItem* pParent = vecFocused[i];
+
+          vector<int> vecLeft, vecRight;
+          for (size_t j = 0; j < pParent->m_vecChildren.size(); j++) {
+            STreeItem* pCon1 = pParent->m_vecChildren[j];
+            int iLeft1, iRight1;
+            pAlign->fnGetLeftRightMost(pCon1->m_iBegin, pCon1->m_iEnd, true,
+                                       iLeft1, iRight1);
+            vecLeft.push_back(iLeft1);
+            vecRight.push_back(iRight1);
+          }
+          vector<int> vecLeftPosition;
+          fnGetRelativePosition(vecLeft, vecLeftPosition);
+          vector<int> vecRightPosition;
+          fnGetRelativePosition(vecRight, vecRightPosition);
+
+          vector<string> vecChunkStatus;
+          for (size_t j = 0; j < pParent->m_vecChildren.size(); j++) {
+            string strOutcome =
+                pAlign->fnIsContinuous(pParent->m_vecChildren[j]->m_iBegin,
+                                       pParent->m_vecChildren[j]->m_iEnd);
+            vecChunkStatus.push_back(strOutcome);
+          }
+
+          for (size_t j = 1; j < pParent->m_vecChildren.size(); j++) {
+            // children[j-1] vs. children[j] reordering
+
+            string strLeftOutcome;
+            ostringstream ostr;
+
+            fnGenerateInstance(pTree, pParent, j, vecChunkStatus,
+                               vecLeftPosition, vecSTerms, vecTTerms,
+                               strLeftOutcome, ostr);
+
+            string ostr_str = ostr.str();
+
+            // fprintf(stderr, "%s %s\n", ostr.str().c_str(),
+            // strLeftOutcome.c_str());
+            (*left_file.stream()) << ostr_str << " " << strLeftOutcome << "\n";
+
+            string strRightOutcome;
+            fnGetOutcome(vecRightPosition[j - 1], vecRightPosition[j],
+                         strRightOutcome);
+            (*right_file.stream()) << ostr_str
+                                   << " LeftOrder=" << strLeftOutcome << " "
+                                   << strRightOutcome << "\n";
+          }
+        }
+        delete pTree;
+      }
+
+      delete pAlign;
+      iSentNum++;
+
+      if (iSentNum % 100000 == 0) fprintf(stderr, "#%d\n", iSentNum);
+    }
+
+    delete pAlignReader;
+    delete pParseReader;
+  }
+
+  void fnGenerateInstanceFile2(
+      const char* pszSynFname,     // source-side flattened parse tree file name
+      const char* pszAlignFname,   // alignment filename
+      const char* pszSourceFname,  // source file name
+      const char* pszTargetFname,  // target file name
+      const char* pszInstanceFname  // training instance file name
+      ) {
+    SAlignmentReader* pAlignReader = new SAlignmentReader(pszAlignFname);
+    SParseReader* pParseReader = new SParseReader(pszSynFname, false);
+
+    ReadFile source_file(pszSourceFname);
+    ReadFile target_file(pszTargetFname);
+
+    WriteFile output_file(pszInstanceFname);
+
+    // read sentence by sentence
+    SAlignment* pAlign;
+    SParsedTree* pTree;
+    string line;
+    int iSentNum = 0;
+    while ((pAlign = pAlignReader->fnReadNextAlignment()) != NULL) {
+      pTree = pParseReader->fnReadNextParseTree();
+      assert(getline(*source_file.stream(), line));
+      vector<string> vecSTerms;
+      SplitOnWhitespace(line, &vecSTerms);
+
+      assert(getline(*target_file.stream(), line));
+      vector<string> vecTTerms;
+      SplitOnWhitespace(line, &vecTTerms);
+
+      if (pTree != NULL) {
+
+        vector<STreeItem*> vecFocused;
+        fnGetFocusedParentNodes(pTree, vecFocused);
+
+        for (size_t i = 0;
+             i < vecFocused.size() && pTree->m_vecTerminals.size() > 10; i++) {
+
+          STreeItem* pParent = vecFocused[i];
+
+          for (size_t j = 1; j < pParent->m_vecChildren.size(); j++) {
+            // children[j-1] vs. children[j] reordering
+
+            string strOutcome;
+            ostringstream ostr;
+
+            fnGenerateInstance(pTree, pParent, pParent->m_vecChildren[j - 1],
+                               pParent->m_vecChildren[j], pAlign, vecSTerms,
+                               vecTTerms, strOutcome, ostr);
+
+            // fprintf(stderr, "%s %s\n", ostr.str().c_str(),
+            // strOutcome.c_str());
+            (*output_file.stream()) << ostr.str() << " " << strOutcome << "\n";
+          }
+        }
+        delete pTree;
+      }
+
+      delete pAlign;
+      iSentNum++;
+
+      if (iSentNum % 100000 == 0) fprintf(stderr, "#%d\n", iSentNum);
+    }
+
+    delete pAlignReader;
+    delete pParseReader;
+  }
+};
+
+inline void print_options(std::ostream& out,
+                          po::options_description const& opts) {
+  typedef std::vector<boost::shared_ptr<po::option_description> > Ds;
+  Ds const& ds = opts.options();
+  out << '"';
+  for (unsigned i = 0; i < ds.size(); ++i) {
+    if (i) out << ' ';
+    out << "--" << ds[i]->long_name();
+  }
+  out << '\n';
+}
+inline string str(char const* name, po::variables_map const& conf) {
+  return conf[name].as<string>();
+}
+
+//--parse_file /scratch0/mt_exp/gq-ctb/data/train.srl.cn --align_file
+/// scratch0/mt_exp/gq-ctb/data/aligned.grow-diag-final-and --source_file
+/// scratch0/mt_exp/gq-ctb/data/train.cn --target_file
+/// scratch0/mt_exp/gq-ctb/data/train.en --instance_file
+/// scratch0/mt_exp/gq-ctb/data/srl-instance --model_prefix
+/// scratch0/mt_exp/gq-ctb/data/srl-instance --feature_cutoff 10
+int main(int argc, char** argv) {
+
+  po::options_description opts("Configuration options");
+  opts.add_options()("parse_file", po::value<string>(),
+                     "parse file path (input)")(
+      "align_file", po::value<string>(), "Alignment file path (input)")(
+      "source_file", po::value<string>(), "Source text file path (input)")(
+      "target_file", po::value<string>(), "Target text file path (input)")(
+      "instance_file", po::value<string>(), "Instance file path (output)")(
+      "model_prefix", po::value<string>(),
+      "Model file path prefix (output): three files will be generated")(
+      "feature_cutoff", po::value<int>()->default_value(100),
+      "Feature cutoff threshold")("svm_option", po::value<string>(),
+                                  "Parameters for SVMLight classifier")(
+      "help", "produce help message");
+
+  po::variables_map vm;
+  if (argc) {
+    po::store(po::parse_command_line(argc, argv, opts), vm);
+    po::notify(vm);
+  }
+
+  if (vm.count("help")) {
+    print_options(cout, opts);
+    return 1;
+  }
+
+  if (!vm.count("parse_file") || !vm.count("align_file") ||
+      !vm.count("source_file") || !vm.count("target_file") ||
+      !vm.count("instance_file") || !vm.count("model_prefix")) {
+    print_options(cout, opts);
+    if (!vm.count("parse_file")) cout << "--parse_file NOT FOUND\n";
+    if (!vm.count("align_file")) cout << "--align_file NOT FOUND\n";
+    if (!vm.count("source_file")) cout << "--source_file NOT FOUND\n";
+    if (!vm.count("target_file")) cout << "--target_file NOT FOUND\n";
+    if (!vm.count("instance_file")) cout << "--instance_file NOT FOUND\n";
+    if (!vm.count("model_prefix")) cout << "--model_prefix NOT FOUND\n";
+    exit(0);
+  }
+
+  const char* pOption;
+  if (vm.count("svm_option"))
+    pOption = str("svm_option", vm).c_str();
+  else
+    pOption = NULL;
+
+  SConstReorderTrainer* pTrainer = new SConstReorderTrainer(
+      str("parse_file", vm).c_str(), str("align_file", vm).c_str(),
+      str("source_file", vm).c_str(), str("target_file", vm).c_str(),
+      str("instance_file", vm).c_str(), str("model_prefix", vm).c_str(),
+      vm["feature_cutoff"].as<int>(), pOption);
+  delete pTrainer;
+
+  return 0;
+}