20 files changed, 1049 insertions, 106 deletions

diff --git a/compound-split/cdec-de.ini b/compound-split/cdec-de.ini
index 2bfe63d2..85424e91 100644
--- a/compound-split/cdec-de.ini
+++ b/compound-split/cdec-de.ini
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 formalism=csplit
 intersection_strategy=full
 weights=de/weights.trained
+#weights=de/weights.noun-only-1best-only
 feature_function=CSplit_BasicFeatures de/large_dict.de.gz de/badlist.de.gz
-feature_function=CSplit_ReverseCharLM de/charlm.rev.5gm.de.klm
+feature_function=CSplit_ReverseCharLM de/charlm.rev.5gm.de.lm.gz
diff --git a/compound-split/de/charlm.rev.5gm.de.klm b/compound-split/de/charlm.rev.5gm.de.klm
deleted file mode 100644
index 28d09b54..00000000
--- a/compound-split/de/charlm.rev.5gm.de.klm
+++ /dev/null
diff --git a/compound-split/de/dev.nouns b/compound-split/de/dev.nouns
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..04f597f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compound-split/de/dev.nouns
@@ -0,0 +1,595 @@
+untersuchungsausschuss ||| # untersuchung ausschuss
+hochzeiten ||| # hochzeiten
+damalige ||| # damalige
+siegfried ||| # siegfried
+jaschinski ||| # jaschinski
+verdächtigenkreis ||| # verdächtige kreis
+staatsanwaltschaft ||| # staat anwaltschaft
+landesbank ||| # land bank
+feldherrn ||| # feld herrn
+handelsblatt ||| # handel blatt
+alexander ||| # alexander
+großen ||| # großen
+wachstumsplänen ||| # wachstum plänen
+konsolidierung ||| # konsolidierung
+branche ||| # branche
+institut ||| # institut
+augenhöhe ||| ((('#',0,1),),(('auge',0,1),('augen',0,1),),(('höhe',0,1),),)
+wiederherstellung ||| # wiederherstellung
+grundstück ||| ((('#',0,1),),(('grund',0,1),('grundstück',0,2),),(('stück',0,1),),)
+ruhestand ||| # ruhestand
+widerstand ||| # widerstand
+versammlungsgesetz ||| ((('#',0,1),),(('versammlung',0,1),('versammlungs',0,1),),(('gesetz',0,1),),)
+verstöße ||| # verstöße
+sachbeschädigung ||| # sach beschädigung
+vereinigungen ||| # vereinigungen
+glashaus ||| # glas haus
+auenlandschaft ||| # auen landschaft
+fundament ||| # fundament
+vierhock ||| # vierhock
+idylle ||| # idylle
+johannes ||| # johannes
+sportjacke ||| # sport jacke
+mittelmeerinseln ||| # mittelmeer inseln
+stiefelförmige ||| # stiefel förmige
+wiederaufnahme ||| # wiederaufnahme
+tonbandaufnahme ||| # tonband aufnahme
+korrekturzucker ||| # korrektur zucker
+meeresspiegel ||| # meer spiegel
+gesamtausgabe ||| # gesamt ausgabe
+losfertigung ||| # los fertigung
+reichstag ||| # reichstag
+monntag ||| # monntag
+mittwoch ||| # mittwoch
+freitag ||| # freitag
+sonntag ||| # sonntag
+nachbarschaftsbeziehungen ||| # nachbarschaft beziehungen
+saftbar ||| # saft bar
+produktionsprozesses ||| # produktion prozesses
+gesamtzusammenhang ||| # gesamt zusammenhang
+volkswirtschaftslehre ||| # volkswirtschaft lehre
+losverfahren ||| # los verfahren
+schifffahrt ||| # schiff fahrt
+dienstag ||| # dienstag
+donnerstag ||| # donnerstag
+samstag ||| # samstag
+sonnabend ||| # sonnabend
+mitglied ||| # mitglied
+abblendlicht ||| # abblend licht
+abbrucharbeiten ||| # abbruch arbeiten
+abergläubischen ||| # abergläubischen
+abfallbewirtschaftungshierarchie ||| # abfall bewirtschaftung hierarchie
+abfallbewirtschaftungsplänen ||| # abfall bewirtschaftung plänen
+abfertigungsgebühren ||| ((('#',0,1),),(('abfertigung',0,1),('abfertigungs',0,1),),(('gebühren',0,1),),)
+beitragsunabhängig ||| ((('#',0,1),),(('beitrag',0,1),('beitrags',0,1),),(('unabhängig',0,1),),)
+einreichungsfrist ||| ((('#',0,1),),(('einreichung',0,1),),(('frist',0,1),),)
+europaabgeordnete ||| # europa abgeordnete
+früherkennungskampagnen ||| ((('#',0,1),),(('früh',0,1),),(('erkennung',0,1),('erkennungs',0,1),),(('kampagnen',0,1),),)
+hilfsagenturen ||| ((('#',0,1),),(('hilf',0,1),('hilfs',0,1),),(('agenturen',0,1),),)
+hilfsinstitutionen ||| ((('#',0,1),),(('hilf',0,1),('hilfs',0,1),),(('institutionen',0,1),),)
+kaisergranat ||| # kaiser granat
+kalifornien ||| # kalifornien
+kampfflugzeug ||| # kampf flugzeug
+luftangriffen ||| # luft angriffen
+luftsicherheit ||| # luft sicherheit
+mithäftlingen ||| # mithäftlingen
+wartungsarbeiten ||| # wartung arbeiten
+wasseraufbereitungsanlagen ||| # wasser aufbereitung anlagen
+wasserdienstleistungen ||| # wasser dienstleistungen
+weihnachtsgeschenk ||| # weihnacht geschenk
+weltarbeitsorganisation ||| # welt arbeit organisation
+zeitdruck ||| # zeit druck
+bundesagentur ||| # bund agentur
+fahrstuhlschächten ||| # fahrstuhl schächten
+elektroindustrie ||| # elektro industrie
+sonderpreis ||| # sonder preis
+modellrechnung ||| # modell rechnung
+treibhauseffekt ||| # treibhaus effekt
+europatournee ||| # europa tournee
+wirtschaftskrise ||| # wirtschaft krise
+mittwochabend ||| # mittwoch abend
+abschiedsgala ||| # abschied gala
+betriebstag ||| # betrieb tag
+flughafen ||| # flughafen
+truthahn ||| # truthahn
+gehirnregion ||| # gehirn region
+feststellung ||| # feststellung
+thanksgiving ||| # thanks giving
+börsenhändler ||| # börse händler
+risikoforschung ||| # risiko forschung
+finanzkrise ||| # finanz krise
+erkenntnis ||| # erkenntnis
+vergangenheit ||| # vergangenheit
+festtagsbratenesser ||| # festtag braten esser
+ungemütlichkeit ||| # ungemütlichkeit
+privatanlegern ||| # privat anlegern
+finanzmakler ||| # finanz makler
+immobilienfonds ||| # immobilien fonds
+wertzuwachs ||| # wert zuwachs
+marmelade ||| # marmelade
+roboterzofe ||| # roboter zofe
+heinrich ||| # heinrich
+zeitdehnung ||| # zeit dehnung
+zeitlosigkeit ||| # zeitlosigkeit
+auseinandersetzung ||| # auseinandersetzung
+immobilienfondskrise ||| # immobilien fond krise
+stackelberg ||| # stackelberg
+bodenseedampfschifffahrtsgesellschaftskapitänsmütze ||| # bodensee dampf schiff fahrt gesellschaft kapitän mütze
+hamburg ||| # hamburg
+justiz ||| # justiz
+bischof ||| # bischof
+richard ||| # richard
+williamson ||| # williamson
+standes ||| # standes
+soutane ||| # soutane
+millionen ||| # millionen
+gaskammern ||| # gas kammern
+holocaustleugner ||| # holocaust leugner
+großansicht ||| # groß ansicht
+gegenfrage ||| # gegen frage
+journalisten ||| # journalisten
+fernsehsender ||| # fernseh sender
+revisionisten ||| # revisionisten
+dreihunderttausend ||| # drei hundert tausend
+konzentrationslagern ||| # konzentration lagern
+schornsteinhöhen ||| # schornstein höhen
+touristen ||| # touristen
+auschwitz ||| # auschwitz
+birkenau ||| # birkenau
+antisemitismus ||| # antisemitismus
+interviewer ||| # interviewer
+bischof ||| # bischof
+williamson ||| # williamson
+wahrheit ||| # wahrheit
+schlecht ||| # schlecht
+interessiert ||| # interessiert
+entrückte ||| # entrückte
+deutscher ||| # deutscher
+blamiert ||| # blamiert
+katholische ||| # katholische
+ausgabe ||| # ausgabe
+skandal ||| # skandal
+interview ||| # interview
+berichtet ||| # berichtet
+bayerischen ||| # bayerischen
+zaitzhofen ||| # zaitzhofen
+fernsehen ||| # fernsehen
+regensburger ||| # regensburger
+ruckdäschel ||| # ruck däschel
+artikel ||| # artikel
+leitete ||| # leitete
+angaben ||| # angaben
+ermittlungsverfahren ||| # ermittlung verfahren
+verdacht ||| # verdacht
+volksverhetzung ||| # volk verhetzung
+rechtsanwalt ||| # recht anwalt
+einlassung ||| # einlassung
+behörde ||| # behörde
+gespräch ||| # gespräch
+veröffentlichung ||| # veröffentlichung
+deutschland ||| # deutschland
+exkommunikation ||| # exkommunikation
+hintergrund ||| # hintergrund
+strafgesetzbuchs ||| # straf gesetz buchs
+leugnung ||| # leugnung
+strafverfolgung ||| # straf verfolgung
+hintertür ||| # hintertür
+entziehen ||| # entziehen
+inzwischen ||| # inzwischen
+einsicht ||| # einsicht
+ermittlungsakten ||| # ermittlung akten
+ruckdäschel ||| # ruckdäschel
+überlegen ||| # überlegen
+schwedischen ||| # schwedischen
+journalisten ||| # journalisten
+hintergründen ||| # hintergründen
+absprachen ||| # absprachen
+vorfeld ||| # vorfeld
+oberstaatsanwalt ||| # ober staat anwalt
+mendelssohn ||| # mendelssohn
+bartholdy ||| # bartholdy
+familie ||| # familie
+philosophen ||| # philosophen
+abraham ||| # abraham
+bankkaufmannslehre ||| # bank kaufmann lehre
+kompagnon ||| # kompagnon
+mutter ||| # mutter
+salomon ||| # salomon
+fabrikantenfamilie ||| # fabrikanten familie
+schwester ||| # schwester
+hensel ||| # hensel
+geschwister ||| # geschwister
+rebecca ||| # rebecca
+mathematiker ||| # mathematiker
+dirichlet ||| # dirichlet
+kinder ||| # kinder
+pfarrer ||| # pfarrer
+gemeinde ||| # gemeinde
+berliner ||| # berliner
+jerusalems ||| # jerusalems
+haustaufe ||| # haus taufe
+gelegenheit ||| # gelegenheit
+taufnamen ||| # tauf namen
+ludwig ||| # ludwig
+familiennamen ||| # familie namen
+christliche ||| # christliche
+vorbesitzers ||| # vorbesitzers
+gartens ||| # gartens
+abraham ||| # abraham
+mendelssohn ||| # mendelssohn
+konvertierten ||| # konvertierten
+christentum ||| # christentum
+kindheit ||| # kindheit
+besetzung ||| # besetzung
+familie ||| # familie
+großmutter ||| # groß mutter
+großvater ||| # groß vater
+musikunterricht ||| # musik unterricht
+schülerin ||| # schülerin
+philipp ||| # philipp
+kirnbergers ||| # kirnbergers
+großtante ||| # groß tante
+tochter ||| # tochter
+finanzmanns ||| # finanz manns
+daniel ||| # daniel
+preußischer ||| # preußischer
+friedrich ||| # friedrich
+wilhelm ||| # wilhelm
+naturalisationspatent ||| # naturalisation patent
+tradition ||| # tradition
+gönnerin ||| # gönnerin
+lehrerin ||| # lehrerin
+aufenthalts ||| # aufenthalts
+rückkehr ||| # rückkehr
+unterricht ||| # unterricht
+komposition ||| # komposition
+ausbildung ||| # ausbildung
+schriftstellers ||| # schriftstellers
+neunjähriger ||| # neun jähriger
+klavierpart ||| # klavier part
+klaviertrio ||| # klavier trio
+altsänger ||| # alt sänger
+akademie ||| # akademie
+kirchenmusik ||| # kirche musik
+schnelligkeit ||| # schnelligkeit
+klaviersonaten ||| # klavier sonaten
+klaviertrio ||| # klavier trio
+orgelstücke ||| # orgel stücke
+streichersinfonien ||| # streicher sinfonien
+motetten ||| # motetten
+singspiele ||| # sing spiele
+soldatenliebschaft ||| # soldaten liebschaft
+singspiels ||| # sing spiels
+komödianten ||| # komödianten
+freundschaft ||| # freundschaft
+barack ||| # barack
+getappt ||| # getappt
+anstehenden ||| # anstehenden
+herkulesaufgaben ||| # herkules aufgaben
+westen ||| # westen
+regierungsgrundsätzen ||| # regierung grundsätzen
+genügen ||| # genügen
+problem ||| # problem
+krankheit ||| # krankheit
+washington ||| # washington
+symptome ||| # symptome
+verquickung ||| # verquickung
+öffentlichen ||| # öffentlichen
+interessen ||| # interessen
+lobbyistenumtriebe ||| # lobbyisten umtriebe
+steuerzahlungsphobie ||| # steuer zahlung phobie
+krankheit ||| # krankheit
+probleme ||| # probleme
+problembewältiger ||| # problem bewältiger
+verzichten ||| # verzichten
+ausnahmen ||| # ausnahmen
+nummer ||| # nummer
+verteidigungsministerium ||| # verteidigung ministerium
+fachmann ||| # fachmann
+rüstungslobbyist ||| # rüstung lobbyist
+geithner ||| # geithner
+finanzminister ||| # finanz minister
+fiskus ||| # fiskus
+daschle ||| # daschle
+obamas ||| # obamas
+wunschkandidat ||| # wunsch kandidat
+gesundheitsministerium ||| # gesundheit ministerium
+begleichung ||| # begleichung
+feststand ||| # fest stand
+regierung ||| # regierung
+proteststurm ||| # protest sturm
+handtuch ||| # hand tuch
+konzentrationslager ||| # konzentration lager
+entwicklungspolitik ||| # entwicklung politik
+zeitungsbericht ||| # zeitung bericht
+managergehälter ||| # manager gehälter
+unternehmen ||| # unternehmen
+staatshilfen ||| # staat hilfen
+präsidenten ||| # präsidenten
+gehaltsobergrenze ||| # gehalt obergrenze
+sonnensystems ||| # sonnen systems
+planet ||| # planet
+exoplanet ||| # exo planet
+durchbruch ||| # durch bruch
+ulrich ||| # ulrich
+schnabel ||| # schnabel
+kulturgeschichte ||| # kultur geschichte
+milchwirtschaft ||| # milch wirtschaft
+menschen ||| # menschen
+geschäftsführung ||| # geschäft führung
+amtsgericht ||| # amts gericht
+göppingen ||| # göppingen
+antrag ||| # antrag
+eröffnung ||| # eröffnung
+insolvenzverfahrens ||| # insolvenz verfahrens
+dieter ||| # dieter
+informationsangebote ||| # information angebote
+vereinfacht ||| # vereinfacht
+vokabelglossar ||| # vokabel glossar
+gewaltige ||| # gewaltige
+haushohe ||| # haushohe
+segler ||| # segler
+oktober ||| # oktober
+gibraltar ||| # gibraltar
+bronzekanonen ||| # bronze kanonen
+tonnen ||| # tonnen
+goldmünzen ||| # gold münzen
+kaufleute ||| # kauf leute
+schätzungen ||| # schätzungen
+vergangenen ||| # vergangenen
+millionen ||| # millionen
+schiffe ||| # schiffe
+meeresgrund ||| # meer grund
+wasserfahrzeuge ||| # wasser fahrzeuge
+kriegsschiffe ||| # krieg schiffe
+passagierdampfer ||| # passagier dampfer
+handelsflotten ||| # handel flotten
+piratenboote ||| # pirate boote
+tanker ||| # tanker
+großbritannien ||| # groß britannien
+ältesten ||| # ältesten
+seefahrernationen ||| # see fahrer nationen
+auffassung ||| # auffassung
+marinehistoriker ||| # marine historiker
+schiffe ||| # schiffe
+ortung ||| # ortung
+victory ||| # victory
+bergungsunternehmen ||| # bergung unternehmen
+meeresfunde ||| # meer funde
+geschichte ||| # geschichte
+entdeckern ||| # entdeckern
+kriegsboot ||| # krieg boot
+jahrhundert ||| # jahrhundert
+tausend ||| # tausend
+schiffen ||| # schiffen
+entdeckung ||| # entdeckung
+tauchjagd ||| # tauch jagd
+überreste ||| # überreste
+epochen ||| # epochen
+länder ||| # länder
+streiten ||| # streiten
+schiffsfriedhöfe ||| # schiff friedhöfe
+tauchjagd ||| # tauch jagd
+schatzjäger ||| # schatz jäger
+moderne ||| # moderne
+technik ||| # technik
+jahrhundertealte ||| # jahrhunderte alte
+wracks ||| # wracks
+geheimnisse ||| # geheimnisse
+besitzrechte ||| # besitz rechte
+wahrscheinlichkeit ||| # wahrscheinlichkeit
+minimaltemperatur ||| # minimal temperatur
+winterhalbjahr ||| # winter halb jahr
+celsius ||| # celsius
+sommerhalbjahr ||| # sommer halb jahr
+maximaltemperatur ||| # maximal temperatur
+kreuzungsversuche ||| # kreuzung versuche
+erbsenpflanzen ||| # erbse pflanzen
+klostergarten ||| # kloster garten
+befruchtungen ||| # befruchtungen
+zehntausende ||| # zehn tausende
+pflanzenhybriden ||| # pflanze hybriden
+fleißaufgabe ||| ((('#',0,1),),(('fleiß',0,1),('fleißaufgabe',0,2),),(('aufgabe',0,1),),)
+hartnäckigkeit ||| # hartnäckigkeit
+naturforschers ||| # natur forschers
+innenminister ||| # innen minister
+falschinformationen ||| # falsch informationen
+analysen ||| # analysen
+hintergründe ||| # hintergründe
+menschen ||| # menschen
+containerschiff ||| # container schiff
+unfall ||| # unfall
+umweltdesaster ||| # umwelt desaster
+australien ||| # australien
+containerschiff ||| # container schiff
+unfall ||| # unfall
+australien ||| # australien
+schweröl ||| # schweröl
+freitag ||| # freitag
+flüssigkeit ||| # flüssigkeit
+strände ||| # strände
+kilometern ||| # kilometern
+kapitän ||| # kapitän
+pacific ||| # pacific
+adventurer ||| # adventurer
+hongkong ||| # hongkong
+verlust ||| # verlust
+tonnen ||| # tonnen
+regierungschef ||| ((('#',0,1),),(('regierung',0,1),('regierungs',0,1),),(('chef',0,1),),)
+queensland ||| # queensland
+samstag ||| # samstag
+kapitän ||| # kapitän
+vortag ||| # vortag
+vertuschung ||| # vertuschung
+vorgeworfen ||| # vorgeworfen
+mittwoch ||| # mittwoch
+containerschiff ||| # container schiff
+naturreservate ||| # natur reservate
+touristenstrände ||| # touristen strände
+ostküste ||| # ost küste
+nördlich ||| # nördlich
+brisbane ||| # brisbane
+bestechungsversuch ||| ((('#',0,1),),(('bestechungs',0,1),('bestechung',0,1),),(('versuch',0,1),),)
+campingkocher ||| # camping kocher
+integration ||| # integration
+funktechnik ||| # funk technik
+mobiltelefone ||| # mobil telefone
+aktenkoffers ||| ((('#',0,1),),(('akten',0,1),('aktenkoffers',0,2),),(('koffers',0,1),),)
+vorstufe ||| # vorstufe
+kohlendioxids ||| ((('#',0,1),),(('kohle',0,1),('kohlen',0,1),),(('dioxids',0,1),),)
+computermodelle ||| # computer modelle
+schützen ||| # schützen
+climategate ||| ((('#',0,1),),(('climate',0,1),('climategate',0,2),),(('gate',0,1),),)
+skandal ||| # skandal
+forschungsinstitut ||| ((('#',0,1),),(('forschung',0,1),('forschungs',0,1),),(('institut',0,1),),)
+climate ||| # climate
+research ||| # research
+folgenschwerste ||| ((('#',0,1),),(('folgenschwerste',0,2),('folgen',0,1),('folge',0,1),),(('schwerste',0,1),),)
+wissenschaftsdebatte ||| ((('#',0,1),),(('wissenschaft',0,1),('wissenschafts',0,1),),(('debatte',0,1),),)
+computerhacker ||| # computer hacker
+instituts ||| # instituts
+forscher ||| # forscher
+prognose ||| # prognose
+erwärmung ||| # erwärmung
+wissenschaftler ||| # wissenschaftler
+datenlieferanten ||| # daten lieferanten
+weltklimarats ||| # welt klima rats
+fraktionen ||| # fraktionen
+debatte ||| # debatte
+schule ||| # schule
+repräsentiert ||| # repräsentiert
+mehrheit ||| # mehrheit
+wissenschaftler ||| # wissenschaftler
+stelle ||| # stelle
+forscher ||| # forscher
+klimamodelle ||| # klimamodelle
+computersimulationen ||| # computer simulationen
+hauptverantwortlichen ||| # haupt verantwortlichen
+erwärmung ||| # erwärmung
+menschen ||| # menschen
+spatenstich ||| # spaten stich
+kirchenneubau ||| # kirche neu bau
+ostdeutschlands ||| # ost deutschlands
+rumänien ||| # rumänien 
+berlin ||| # berlin
+regierung ||| # regierung
+ankündigung ||| # ankündigung
+deutschlands ||| # deutschlands
+frankreichs ||| # frankreichs
+rumäniens ||| # rumäniens
+bulgariens ||| # bulgariens
+schengen ||| # schengen
+bukarest ||| # bukarest
+informationen ||| # informationen
+verletzung ||| # verletzung
+vertrags ||| # vertrags
+lissabon ||| # lissabon
+rumänischer ||| # rumänischer
+zollbeamter ||| # zoll beamter
+grenze ||| # grenze
+rumänien ||| # rumänien
+republik ||| # republik
+moldau ||| # moldau
+dezember ||| # dezember
+regierung ||| # regierung
+bukarest ||| # bukarest
+kontrollen ||| # kontrollen
+grenzen ||| # grenzen
+rumänien ||| # rumänien
+bulgarien ||| # bulgarien
+länder ||| # länder
+fortschritte ||| # fortschritte
+korruption ||| # korruption
+kriminalität ||| # kriminalität
+informationen ||| # informationen
+zeitung ||| # zeitung
+vertragsverletzung ||| # vertrag verletzung
+deutschland ||| # deutschland
+frankreich ||| # frankreich
+haltung ||| # haltung
+rumäniens ||| # rumäniens
+außenministerium ||| ((('#',0,1),),(('außen',0,1),),(('ministerium',0,1),),)
+präzedenzfall ||| ((('#',0,1),),(('präzedenzfall',0,2),('präzedenz',0,1),),(('fall',0,1),),)
+staatspräsident ||| ((('#',0,1),),(('staatspräsident',0,2),('staats',0,1),('staat',0,1),),(('präsident',0,1),),)
+georgi ||| # georgi
+parwanow ||| # parwanow
+verständnis ||| # verständnis
+bulgarien ||| # bulgarien
+verstehen ||| # verstehen
+erklärung ||| # erklärung
+verzögerung ||| # verzögerung
+mittwoch ||| # mittwoch
+haltung ||| # haltung
+hintergrund ||| # hintergrund
+streits ||| # streits
+regierung ||| # regierung
+ministerpräsident ||| ((('#',0,1),),(('minister',0,1),),(('präsident',0,1),),)
+grenzkontrollen ||| ((('#',0,1),),(('grenz',0,1),),(('kontrollen',0,1),),)
+weltkrieg ||| ((('#',0,1),),(('welt',0,1),('weltkrieg',0,2),),(('krieg',0,1),),)
+abwehr ||| # abwehr
+admirals ||| # admirals
+canaris ||| # canaris
+sprengsätze ||| # spreng sätze
+apfelsinenkisten ||| # apfelsine kisten
+hafenarbeiter ||| # hafen arbeiter
+schiffe ||| # schiffe
+zeiten ||| # zeiten
+militärdiktatur ||| ((('#',0,1),),(('militär',0,1),),(('diktatur',0,1),),)
+widerstandsgruppe ||| ((('#',0,1),),(('widerstand',0,1),('widerstands',0,1),),(('gruppe',0,1),),)
+pfirsiche ||| # pfirsiche
+aprikosen ||| # aprikosen
+vergiftet ||| # vergiftet
+kuklina ||| # kuklina
+trägerin ||| # trägerin
+alternativen ||| # alternativen
+nobelpreis ||| # nobel preis
+kämpft |||  # kämpft
+rechte ||| # rechte
+soldaten ||| # soldaten
+russlands ||| # russlands
+online ||| # online
+sprach ||| # sprach
+menschenrechte ||| # menschen rechte
+heimat ||| # heimat
+kaufrausch ||| ((('#',0,1),),(('kauf',0,1),),(('rausch',0,1),),)
+kommerzialisierung ||| # kommerzialisierung
+weihnachten ||| # weihnachten
+wikileaks ||| # wikileaks
+verfassungsgericht ||| ((('#',0,1),),(('verfassung',0,1),('verfassungs',0,1),),(('gericht',0,1),),)
+berlusconis ||| # berlusconis
+immunität ||| # immunität
+zinspolitik ||| # zins politik
+inflation ||| # inflation
+eurozone ||| ((('#',0,1),),(('euro',0,1),('eurozone',0,2),),(('zone',0,1),),)
+kontrolle ||| # kontrolle
+futtermittelindustrie ||| # futter mittel industrie
+deutschland ||| # deutschland
+regierung ||| # regierung
+vertrauen ||| # vertrauen
+westerwelle ||| # westerwelle
+abzugsdatum ||| ((('#',0,1),),(('abzugs',0,1),('abzug',0,1),),(('datum',0,1),),)
+ghettoblaster ||| # ghetto blaster
+alltag ||| # alltag
+ikonen ||| # ikonen
+jugendkultur ||| # jugend kultur
+hochrechnungen ||| # hochrechnungen
+mckinsey ||| # mckinsey
+company ||| # company
+kaufkraft ||| # kauf kraft
+aufstrebenden ||| # aufstrebenden
+mittelschicht ||| # mittel schicht
+jahrzehnts ||| # jahrzehnts
+billionen ||| # billionen
+dollar ||| # dollar
+erbrauchsniveau ||| ((('#',0,1),),(('erbrauch',0,1),('erbrauchs',0,1),),(('niveau',0,1),),)
+staaten ||| # staaten
+schwellenländer ||| ((('#',0,1),),(('schwellen',0,1),('schwelle',0,1),),(('länder',0,1),),)
+brasilien ||| # brasilien
+russland ||| # russland
+indien ||| # indien
+frühstück ||| # frühstück
+fortschritt ||| # fortschritt
+frühstückstisch ||| # frühstück tisch
+familie ||| # familie
+jahren ||| # jahren
+tageszeitung ||| # tages zeitung
diff --git a/compound-split/de/weights.noun-only-1best-only b/compound-split/de/weights.noun-only-1best-only
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d5f09b82
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compound-split/de/weights.noun-only-1best-only
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+# Objective = 138.848  (eval count=264)
+WordCount 11.333477067970925
+LettersSq -0.029215039089113905
+LettersSqrt 2.9632214600626146
+InDict -13.179505941917153
+InDictSubWord 1.3841593332953199
+Short 0.69941278454918432
+Long -0.25571511002085112
+OOV 24.512983009660331
+OOVSubWord -1.5433992715303351
+ShortRange -1.1723773936213888
+HighFreq -3.7705003072208156
+MedFreq -0.051578574665604303
+Freq 0.21221436730925425
+FreqLen1 -1.5685463970117162
+FreqLen2 -0.78986836749506351
+Bad -29.51141124634686
+RevCharLM 0.62803557957086842
+FugS 0.1285546128533254
+FugN 0.47201502660323558
diff --git a/gi/pf/base_measures.cc b/gi/pf/base_measures.cc
index f8ddfd32..8adb37d7 100644
--- a/gi/pf/base_measures.cc
+++ b/gi/pf/base_measures.cc
@@ -89,6 +89,62 @@ prob_t PhraseJointBase::p0(const vector<WordID>& vsrc,
   return p;
 }
 
+prob_t PhraseJointBase_BiDir::p0(const vector<WordID>& vsrc,
+                                 const vector<WordID>& vtrg,
+                                 int start_src, int start_trg) const {
+  const int flen = vsrc.size() - start_src;
+  const int elen = vtrg.size() - start_trg;
+  prob_t uniform_src_alignment; uniform_src_alignment.logeq(-log(flen + 1));
+  prob_t uniform_trg_alignment; uniform_trg_alignment.logeq(-log(elen + 1));
+
+  prob_t p1;
+  p1.logeq(log_poisson(flen, 1.0));               // flen                 ~Pois(1)
+                                                 // elen | flen          ~Pois(flen + 0.01)
+  prob_t ptrglen; ptrglen.logeq(log_poisson(elen, flen + 0.01));
+  p1 *= ptrglen;
+  p1 *= kUNIFORM_SOURCE.pow(flen);                // each f in F ~Uniform
+  for (int i = 0; i < elen; ++i) {               // for each position i in E
+    const WordID trg = vtrg[i + start_trg];
+    prob_t tp = prob_t::Zero();
+    for (int j = -1; j < flen; ++j) {
+      const WordID src = j < 0 ? 0 : vsrc[j + start_src];
+      tp += kM1MIXTURE * model1(src, trg);
+      tp += kUNIFORM_MIXTURE * kUNIFORM_TARGET;
+    }
+    tp *= uniform_src_alignment;                 //     draw a_i         ~uniform
+    p1 *= tp;                                     //     draw e_i         ~Model1(f_a_i) / uniform
+  }
+  if (p1.is_0()) {
+    cerr << "Zero! " << vsrc << "\nTRG=" << vtrg << endl;
+    abort();
+  }
+
+  prob_t p2;
+  p2.logeq(log_poisson(elen, 1.0));               // elen                 ~Pois(1)
+                                                 // flen | elen          ~Pois(flen + 0.01)
+  prob_t psrclen; psrclen.logeq(log_poisson(flen, elen + 0.01));
+  p2 *= psrclen;
+  p2 *= kUNIFORM_TARGET.pow(elen);                // each f in F ~Uniform
+  for (int i = 0; i < flen; ++i) {               // for each position i in E
+    const WordID src = vsrc[i + start_src];
+    prob_t tp = prob_t::Zero();
+    for (int j = -1; j < elen; ++j) {
+      const WordID trg = j < 0 ? 0 : vtrg[j + start_trg];
+      tp += kM1MIXTURE * invmodel1(trg, src);
+      tp += kUNIFORM_MIXTURE * kUNIFORM_SOURCE;
+    }
+    tp *= uniform_trg_alignment;                 //     draw a_i         ~uniform
+    p2 *= tp;                                     //     draw e_i         ~Model1(f_a_i) / uniform
+  }
+  if (p2.is_0()) {
+    cerr << "Zero! " << vsrc << "\nTRG=" << vtrg << endl;
+    abort();
+  }
+
+  static const prob_t kHALF(0.5);
+  return (p1 + p2) * kHALF;
+}
+
 JumpBase::JumpBase() : p(200) {
   for (unsigned src_len = 1; src_len < 200; ++src_len) {
     map<int, prob_t>& cpd = p[src_len];
diff --git a/gi/pf/base_measures.h b/gi/pf/base_measures.h
index df17aa62..7ce7e2e6 100644
--- a/gi/pf/base_measures.h
+++ b/gi/pf/base_measures.h
@@ -97,6 +97,37 @@ struct PhraseJointBase {
   const prob_t kUNIFORM_TARGET;
 };
 
+struct PhraseJointBase_BiDir {
+  explicit PhraseJointBase_BiDir(const Model1& m1,
+                                 const Model1& im1,
+                                 const double m1mixture,
+                                 const unsigned vocab_e_size,
+                                 const unsigned vocab_f_size) :
+      model1(m1),
+      invmodel1(im1),
+      kM1MIXTURE(m1mixture),
+      kUNIFORM_MIXTURE(1.0 - m1mixture),
+      kUNIFORM_SOURCE(1.0 / vocab_f_size),
+      kUNIFORM_TARGET(1.0 / vocab_e_size) {
+    assert(m1mixture >= 0.0 && m1mixture <= 1.0);
+    assert(vocab_e_size > 0);
+  }
+
+  // return p0 of rule.e_ | rule.f_
+  prob_t operator()(const TRule& rule) const {
+    return p0(rule.f_, rule.e_, 0, 0);
+  }
+
+  prob_t p0(const std::vector<WordID>& vsrc, const std::vector<WordID>& vtrg, int start_src, int start_trg) const;
+
+  const Model1& model1;
+  const Model1& invmodel1;
+  const prob_t kM1MIXTURE;  // Model 1 mixture component
+  const prob_t kUNIFORM_MIXTURE; // uniform mixture component
+  const prob_t kUNIFORM_SOURCE;
+  const prob_t kUNIFORM_TARGET;
+};
+
 // base distribution for jump size multinomials
 // basically p(0) = 0 and then, p(1) is max, and then
 // you drop as you move to the max jump distance
diff --git a/gi/pf/dpnaive.cc b/gi/pf/dpnaive.cc
index c926487b..db1c43c7 100644
--- a/gi/pf/dpnaive.cc
+++ b/gi/pf/dpnaive.cc
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ void InitCommandLine(int argc, char** argv, po::variables_map* conf) {
         ("max_src_phrase",po::value<unsigned>()->default_value(4),"Maximum length of source language phrases")
         ("max_trg_phrase",po::value<unsigned>()->default_value(4),"Maximum length of target language phrases")
         ("model1,m",po::value<string>(),"Model 1 parameters (used in base distribution)")
+        ("inverse_model1,M",po::value<string>(),"Inverse Model 1 parameters (used in base distribution)")
         ("model1_interpolation_weight",po::value<double>()->default_value(0.95),"Mixing proportion of model 1 with uniform target distribution")
         ("random_seed,S",po::value<uint32_t>(), "Random seed");
   po::options_description clo("Command line options");
@@ -58,7 +59,7 @@ shared_ptr<MT19937> prng;
 
 template <typename Base>
 struct ModelAndData {
-  explicit ModelAndData(MonotonicParallelSegementationModel& m, const Base& b, const vector<vector<int> >& ce, const vector<vector<int> >& cf, const set<int>& ve, const set<int>& vf) :
+  explicit ModelAndData(MonotonicParallelSegementationModel<PhraseJointBase_BiDir>& m, const Base& b, const vector<vector<int> >& ce, const vector<vector<int> >& cf, const set<int>& ve, const set<int>& vf) :
      model(m),
      rng(&*prng),
      p0(b),
@@ -139,7 +140,7 @@ struct ModelAndData {
 
   void Sample();
 
-  MonotonicParallelSegementationModel& model;
+  MonotonicParallelSegementationModel<PhraseJointBase_BiDir>& model;
   MT19937* rng;
   const Base& p0;
   prob_t baseprob; // cached value of generating the table table labels from p0
@@ -267,6 +268,10 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv) {
     cerr << argv[0] << "Please use --model1 to specify model 1 parameters\n";
     return 1;
   }
+  if (!conf.count("inverse_model1")) {
+    cerr << argv[0] << "Please use --inverse_model1 to specify inverse model 1 parameters\n";
+    return 1;
+  }
   if (conf.count("random_seed"))
     prng.reset(new MT19937(conf["random_seed"].as<uint32_t>()));
   else
@@ -283,10 +288,12 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv) {
   assert(corpusf.size() == corpuse.size());
 
   Model1 m1(conf["model1"].as<string>());
-  PhraseJointBase lp0(m1, conf["model1_interpolation_weight"].as<double>(), vocabe.size(), vocabf.size());
-  MonotonicParallelSegementationModel m(lp0);
+  Model1 invm1(conf["inverse_model1"].as<string>());
+//  PhraseJointBase lp0(m1, conf["model1_interpolation_weight"].as<double>(), vocabe.size(), vocabf.size());
+  PhraseJointBase_BiDir alp0(m1, invm1, conf["model1_interpolation_weight"].as<double>(), vocabe.size(), vocabf.size());
+  MonotonicParallelSegementationModel<PhraseJointBase_BiDir> m(alp0);
 
-  ModelAndData<PhraseJointBase> posterior(m, lp0, corpuse, corpusf, vocabe, vocabf);
+  ModelAndData<PhraseJointBase_BiDir> posterior(m, alp0, corpuse, corpusf, vocabe, vocabf);
   posterior.Sample();
 
   return 0;
diff --git a/gi/pf/monotonic_pseg.h b/gi/pf/monotonic_pseg.h
index 7e6af3fc..301aa6d8 100644
--- a/gi/pf/monotonic_pseg.h
+++ b/gi/pf/monotonic_pseg.h
@@ -8,8 +8,9 @@
 #include "trule.h"
 #include "base_measures.h"
 
+template <typename BaseMeasure>
 struct MonotonicParallelSegementationModel {
-  explicit MonotonicParallelSegementationModel(PhraseJointBase& rcp0) :
+  explicit MonotonicParallelSegementationModel(BaseMeasure& rcp0) :
     rp0(rcp0), base(prob_t::One()), rules(1,1), stop(1.0) {}
 
   void DecrementRule(const TRule& rule) {
@@ -78,7 +79,7 @@ struct MonotonicParallelSegementationModel {
     return prob_t(stop.prob(false, 0.5));
   }
 
-  const PhraseJointBase& rp0;
+  const BaseMeasure& rp0;
   prob_t base;
   CCRP_NoTable<TRule> rules;
   CCRP_NoTable<bool> stop;
diff --git a/gi/pf/pf.h b/gi/pf/pf.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ede7cda8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gi/pf/pf.h
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+#ifndef _PF_H_
+#define _PF_H_
+
+#include <cassert>
+#include <vector>
+#include "sampler.h"
+#include "prob.h"
+
+template <typename ParticleType>
+struct ParticleRenormalizer {
+  void operator()(std::vector<ParticleType>* pv) const {
+    if (pv->empty()) return;
+    prob_t z = prob_t::Zero();
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < pv->size(); ++i)
+      z += (*pv)[i].weight;
+    assert(z > prob_t::Zero());
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < pv->size(); ++i)
+      (*pv)[i].weight /= z;
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename ParticleType>
+struct MultinomialResampleFilter {
+  explicit MultinomialResampleFilter(MT19937* rng) : rng_(rng) {}
+
+  void operator()(std::vector<ParticleType>* pv) {
+    if (pv->empty()) return;
+    std::vector<ParticleType>& ps = *pv;
+    SampleSet<prob_t> ss;
+    for (int i = 0; i < ps.size(); ++i)
+      ss.add(ps[i].weight);
+    std::vector<ParticleType> nps; nps.reserve(ps.size());
+    const prob_t uniform_weight(1.0 / ps.size());
+    for (int i = 0; i < ps.size(); ++i) {
+      nps.push_back(ps[rng_->SelectSample(ss)]);
+      nps[i].weight = uniform_weight;
+    }
+    nps.swap(ps);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  MT19937* rng_;
+};
+
+template <typename ParticleType>
+struct SystematicResampleFilter {
+  explicit SystematicResampleFilter(MT19937* rng) : rng_(rng), renorm_() {}
+
+  void operator()(std::vector<ParticleType>* pv) {
+    if (pv->empty()) return;
+    renorm_(pv);
+    std::vector<ParticleType>& ps = *pv;
+    std::vector<ParticleType> nps; nps.reserve(ps.size());
+    double lower = 0, upper = 0;
+    const double skip = 1.0 / ps.size();
+    double u_j = rng_->next() * skip;
+    //std::cerr << "u_0: " << u_j << std::endl;
+    int j = 0;
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < ps.size(); ++i) {
+      upper += ps[i].weight.as_float();
+      //std::cerr << "lower: " << lower << " upper: " << upper << std::endl;
+      // how many children does ps[i] have?
+      while (u_j < lower) { u_j += skip; ++j; }
+      while (u_j >= lower && u_j <= upper) {
+        assert(j < ps.size());
+        nps.push_back(ps[i]);
+        u_j += skip;
+        //std::cerr << " add u_j=" << u_j << std::endl;
+        ++j;
+      }
+      lower = upper;
+    }
+    //std::cerr << ps.size() << " " << nps.size() << "\n";
+    assert(ps.size() == nps.size());
+    //exit(1);
+    ps.swap(nps);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  MT19937* rng_;
+  ParticleRenormalizer<ParticleType> renorm_;
+};
+
+#endif
diff --git a/gi/pf/pfdist.cc b/gi/pf/pfdist.cc
index 81abd61b..aae5f798 100644
--- a/gi/pf/pfdist.cc
+++ b/gi/pf/pfdist.cc
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 #include <boost/program_options.hpp>
 #include <boost/program_options/variables_map.hpp>
 
+#include "pf.h"
 #include "base_measures.h"
 #include "reachability.h"
 #include "viterbi.h"
@@ -413,20 +414,6 @@ ostream& operator<<(ostream& o, const Particle& p) {
   return o;
 }
 
-void FilterCrapParticlesAndReweight(vector<Particle>* pps) {
-  vector<Particle>& ps = *pps;
-  SampleSet<prob_t> ss;
-  for (int i = 0; i < ps.size(); ++i)
-    ss.add(ps[i].weight);
-  vector<Particle> nps; nps.reserve(ps.size());
-  const prob_t uniform_weight(1.0 / ps.size());
-  for (int i = 0; i < ps.size(); ++i) {
-    nps.push_back(ps[prng->SelectSample(ss)]);
-    nps[i].weight = uniform_weight;
-  }
-  nps.swap(ps);
-}
-
 int main(int argc, char** argv) {
   po::variables_map conf;
   InitCommandLine(argc, argv, &conf);
@@ -466,6 +453,7 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv) {
   MyJointModel m(lp0);
 #endif
 
+  MultinomialResampleFilter<Particle> filter(&rng);
   cerr << "Initializing reachability limits...\n";
   vector<Particle> ps(corpusf.size());
   vector<Reachability> reaches; reaches.reserve(corpusf.size());
@@ -500,7 +488,7 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv) {
 
         // all particles have now been extended a bit, we will reweight them now
         if (lps[0].trg_cov > 0)
-          FilterCrapParticlesAndReweight(&lps);
+          filter(&lps);
 
         // loop over all particles and extend them
         bool done_nothing = true;
diff --git a/gi/pf/pfnaive.cc b/gi/pf/pfnaive.cc
index 33dc08c3..728ec00d 100644
--- a/gi/pf/pfnaive.cc
+++ b/gi/pf/pfnaive.cc
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 #include <boost/program_options.hpp>
 #include <boost/program_options/variables_map.hpp>
 
+#include "pf.h"
 #include "base_measures.h"
 #include "monotonic_pseg.h"
 #include "reachability.h"
@@ -135,20 +136,6 @@ ostream& operator<<(ostream& o, const Particle& p) {
   return o;
 }
 
-void FilterCrapParticlesAndReweight(vector<Particle>* pps) {
-  vector<Particle>& ps = *pps;
-  SampleSet<prob_t> ss;
-  for (int i = 0; i < ps.size(); ++i)
-    ss.add(ps[i].weight);
-  vector<Particle> nps; nps.reserve(ps.size());
-  const prob_t uniform_weight(1.0 / ps.size());
-  for (int i = 0; i < ps.size(); ++i) {
-    nps.push_back(ps[prng->SelectSample(ss)]);
-    nps[i].weight = uniform_weight;
-  }
-  nps.swap(ps);
-}
-
 int main(int argc, char** argv) {
   po::variables_map conf;
   InitCommandLine(argc, argv, &conf);
@@ -181,7 +168,17 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv) {
   Model1 invm1(conf["inverse_model1"].as<string>());
 
   PhraseJointBase lp0(m1, conf["model1_interpolation_weight"].as<double>(), vocabe.size(), vocabf.size());
-  MonotonicParallelSegementationModel m(lp0);
+  PhraseJointBase_BiDir alp0(m1, invm1, conf["model1_interpolation_weight"].as<double>(), vocabe.size(), vocabf.size());
+  MonotonicParallelSegementationModel<PhraseJointBase_BiDir> m(alp0);
+  TRule xx("[X] ||| ms. kimura ||| MS. KIMURA ||| X=0");
+  cerr << xx << endl << lp0(xx) << " " << alp0(xx) << endl;
+  TRule xx12("[X] ||| . ||| PHARMACY . ||| X=0");
+  TRule xx21("[X] ||| pharmacy . ||| . ||| X=0");
+//  TRule xx22("[X] ||| . ||| . ||| X=0");
+  TRule xx22("[X] ||| . ||| THE . ||| X=0");
+  cerr << xx12 << "\t" << lp0(xx12) << " " << alp0(xx12) << endl;
+  cerr << xx21 << "\t" << lp0(xx21) << " " << alp0(xx21) << endl;
+  cerr << xx22 << "\t" << lp0(xx22) << " " << alp0(xx22) << endl;
 
   cerr << "Initializing reachability limits...\n";
   vector<Particle> ps(corpusf.size());
@@ -194,6 +191,8 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv) {
   cerr << "Sampling...\n"; 
   vector<Particle> tmp_p(10000);  // work space
   SampleSet<prob_t> pfss;
+  SystematicResampleFilter<Particle> filter(&rng);
+  // MultinomialResampleFilter<Particle> filter(&rng);
   for (int SS=0; SS < samples; ++SS) {
     for (int ci = 0; ci < corpusf.size(); ++ci) {
       vector<int>& src = corpusf[ci];
@@ -213,7 +212,7 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv) {
 
         // all particles have now been extended a bit, we will reweight them now
         if (lps[0].trg_cov > 0)
-          FilterCrapParticlesAndReweight(&lps);
+          filter(&lps);
 
         // loop over all particles and extend them
         bool done_nothing = true;
@@ -263,6 +262,11 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv) {
           }
         } // loop over particles (pi = 0 .. particles)
         if (done_nothing) all_complete = true;
+        prob_t wv = prob_t::Zero();
+        for (int pp = 0; pp < lps.size(); ++pp)
+          wv += lps[pp].weight;
+        for (int pp = 0; pp < lps.size(); ++pp)
+          lps[pp].weight /= wv;
       }
       pfss.clear();
       for (int i = 0; i < lps.size(); ++i)
diff --git a/training/lbfgs_test.cc b/training/lbfgs_test.cc
index fc21e98d..c94682e9 100644
--- a/training/lbfgs_test.cc
+++ b/training/lbfgs_test.cc
@@ -28,11 +28,14 @@ double TestOptimizer() {
     g[2] = 2 * x[2] + 6;
     obj = 4 * x[0]*x[0] + x[0] * x[1] + x[1]*x[1] + x[2]*x[2] + 6 * x[2] + 5;
     opt.run(x, obj, g);
-
+    if (!opt.requests_f_and_g()) {
+      if (converged(x,g)) break;
+      opt.run(x, obj, g);
+    }
     cerr << x[0] << " " << x[1] << " " << x[2] << endl;
     cerr << "   obj=" << obj << "\td/dx1=" << g[0] << " d/dx2=" << g[1] << " d/dx3=" << g[2] << endl;
     cerr << opt << endl;
-  } while (!converged(x, g));
+  } while (true);
   return obj;
 }
 
diff --git a/training/mpi_flex_optimize.cc b/training/mpi_flex_optimize.cc
index 87c5f331..00746532 100644
--- a/training/mpi_flex_optimize.cc
+++ b/training/mpi_flex_optimize.cc
@@ -39,15 +39,12 @@ bool InitCommandLine(int argc, char** argv, po::variables_map* conf) {
         ("weights,w",po::value<string>(),"Initial feature weights")
         ("training_data,d",po::value<string>(),"Training data")
         ("minibatch_size_per_proc,s", po::value<unsigned>()->default_value(6), "Number of training instances evaluated per processor in each minibatch")
-        ("optimization_method,m", po::value<string>()->default_value("lbfgs"), "Optimization method (options: lbfgs, sgd, rprop)")
-        ("minibatch_iterations,i", po::value<unsigned>()->default_value(10), "Number of optimization iterations per minibatch (1 = standard SGD)")
+        ("minibatch_iterations,i", po::value<unsigned>()->default_value(10), "Number of optimization iterations per minibatch")
         ("iterations,I", po::value<unsigned>()->default_value(50), "Number of passes through the training data before termination")
+        ("regularization_strength,C", po::value<double>()->default_value(0.2), "Regularization strength")
+        ("time_series_strength,T", po::value<double>()->default_value(0.0), "Time series regularization strength")
         ("random_seed,S", po::value<uint32_t>(), "Random seed (if not specified, /dev/random will be used)")
-        ("lbfgs_memory_buffers,M", po::value<unsigned>()->default_value(10), "Number of memory buffers for LBFGS history")
-        ("eta_0,e", po::value<double>()->default_value(0.1), "Initial learning rate for SGD")
-        ("L1,1","Use L1 regularization")
-        ("L2,2","Use L2 regularization")
-        ("regularization_strength,C", po::value<double>()->default_value(1.0), "Regularization strength (C)");
+        ("lbfgs_memory_buffers,M", po::value<unsigned>()->default_value(10), "Number of memory buffers for LBFGS history");
   po::options_description clo("Command line options");
   clo.add_options()
         ("config", po::value<string>(), "Configuration file")
@@ -64,7 +61,7 @@ bool InitCommandLine(int argc, char** argv, po::variables_map* conf) {
   po::notify(*conf);
 
   if (conf->count("help") || !conf->count("training_data") || !conf->count("cdec_config")) {
-    cerr << "General-purpose minibatch online optimizer (MPI support "
+    cerr << "LBFGS minibatch online optimizer (MPI support "
 #if HAVE_MPI
          << "enabled"
 #else
@@ -166,6 +163,38 @@ void AddGrad(const SparseVector<prob_t> x, double s, SparseVector<double>* acc)
     acc->add_value(it->first, it->second.as_float() * s);
 }
 
+double PNorm(const vector<double>& v, const double p) {
+  double acc = 0;
+  for (int i = 0; i < v.size(); ++i)
+    acc += pow(v[i], p);
+  return pow(acc, 1.0 / p);
+}
+
+void VV(ostream&os, const vector<double>& v) {
+  for (int i = 1; i < v.size(); ++i)
+    if (v[i]) os << FD::Convert(i) << "=" << v[i] << " ";
+}
+
+double ApplyRegularizationTerms(const double C,
+                                const double T,
+                                const vector<double>& weights,
+                                const vector<double>& prev_weights,
+                                vector<double>* g) {
+  assert(weights.size() == g->size());
+  double reg = 0;
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < weights.size(); ++i) {
+    const double prev_w_i = (i < prev_weights.size() ? prev_weights[i] : 0.0);
+    const double& w_i = weights[i];
+    double& g_i = (*g)[i];
+    reg += C * w_i * w_i;
+    g_i += 2 * C * w_i;
+
+    reg += T * (w_i - prev_w_i) * (w_i - prev_w_i);
+    g_i += 2 * T * (w_i - prev_w_i);
+  }
+  return reg;
+}
+
 int main(int argc, char** argv) {
 #ifdef HAVE_MPI
   mpi::environment env(argc, argv);
@@ -176,7 +205,7 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv) {
   const int size = 1;
   const int rank = 0;
 #endif
-  if (size > 1) SetSilent(true);  // turn off verbose decoder output
+  if (size > 0) SetSilent(true);  // turn off verbose decoder output
   register_feature_functions();
   MT19937* rng = NULL;
 
@@ -186,56 +215,60 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv) {
 
   boost::shared_ptr<BatchOptimizer> o;
   const unsigned lbfgs_memory_buffers = conf["lbfgs_memory_buffers"].as<unsigned>();
-
-  istringstream ins;
-  ReadConfig(conf["cdec_config"].as<string>(), &ins);
-  Decoder decoder(&ins);
-
-  // load initial weights
-  vector<weight_t> init_weights;
-  if (conf.count("weights"))
-    Weights::InitFromFile(conf["weights"].as<string>(), &init_weights);
+  const unsigned size_per_proc = conf["minibatch_size_per_proc"].as<unsigned>();
+  const unsigned minibatch_iterations = conf["minibatch_iterations"].as<unsigned>();
+  const double regularization_strength = conf["regularization_strength"].as<double>();
+  const double time_series_strength = conf["time_series_strength"].as<double>();
+  const bool use_time_series_reg = time_series_strength > 0.0;
+  const unsigned max_iteration = conf["iterations"].as<unsigned>();
 
   vector<string> corpus;
   vector<int> ids;
   ReadTrainingCorpus(conf["training_data"].as<string>(), rank, size, &corpus, &ids);
   assert(corpus.size() > 0);
 
-  const unsigned size_per_proc = conf["minibatch_size_per_proc"].as<unsigned>();
   if (size_per_proc > corpus.size()) {
-    cerr << "Minibatch size must be smaller than corpus size!\n";
+    cerr << "Minibatch size (per processor) must be smaller or equal to the local corpus size!\n";
     return 1;
   }
 
-  size_t total_corpus_size = 0;
-#ifdef HAVE_MPI
-  reduce(world, corpus.size(), total_corpus_size, std::plus<size_t>(), 0);
-#else
-  total_corpus_size = corpus.size();
-#endif
+  // initialize decoder (loads hash functions if necessary)
+  istringstream ins;
+  ReadConfig(conf["cdec_config"].as<string>(), &ins);
+  Decoder decoder(&ins);
+
+  // load initial weights
+  vector<weight_t> prev_weights;
+  if (conf.count("weights"))
+    Weights::InitFromFile(conf["weights"].as<string>(), &prev_weights);
 
   if (conf.count("random_seed"))
     rng = new MT19937(conf["random_seed"].as<uint32_t>());
   else
     rng = new MT19937;
 
-  const unsigned minibatch_iterations = conf["minibatch_iterations"].as<unsigned>();
+  size_t total_corpus_size = 0;
+#ifdef HAVE_MPI
+  reduce(world, corpus.size(), total_corpus_size, std::plus<size_t>(), 0);
+#else
+  total_corpus_size = corpus.size();
+#endif
 
-  if (rank == 0) {
+  if (rank == 0)
     cerr << "Total corpus size: " << total_corpus_size << endl;
-    const unsigned batch_size = size_per_proc * size;
-  }
 
-  SparseVector<double> x;
-  Weights::InitSparseVector(init_weights, &x);
   CopyHGsObserver observer;
 
   int write_weights_every_ith = 100; // TODO configure
   int titer = -1;
 
-  vector<weight_t>& lambdas = decoder.CurrentWeightVector();
-  lambdas.swap(init_weights);
-  init_weights.clear();
+  vector<weight_t>& cur_weights = decoder.CurrentWeightVector();
+  if (use_time_series_reg) {
+    cur_weights = prev_weights;
+  } else {
+    cur_weights.swap(prev_weights);
+    prev_weights.clear();
+  }
 
   int iter = -1;
   bool converged = false;
@@ -243,26 +276,20 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv) {
 #ifdef HAVE_MPI
     mpi::timer timer;
 #endif
-    x.init_vector(&lambdas);
     ++iter; ++titer;
-#if 0
     if (rank == 0) {
       converged = (iter == max_iteration);
-      Weights::SanityCheck(lambdas);
-      Weights::ShowLargestFeatures(lambdas);
         string fname = "weights.cur.gz";
         if (iter % write_weights_every_ith == 0) {
-          ostringstream o; o << "weights.epoch_" << (ai+1) << '.' << iter << ".gz";
+          ostringstream o; o << "weights.epoch_" << iter << ".gz";
           fname = o.str();
         }
-        if (converged && ((ai+1)==agenda.size())) { fname = "weights.final.gz"; }
+        if (converged) { fname = "weights.final.gz"; }
         ostringstream vv;
-        vv << "total iter=" << titer << " (of current config iter=" << iter << ")  minibatch=" << size_per_proc << " sentences/proc x " << size << " procs.   num_feats=" << x.size() << '/' << FD::NumFeats() << "   passes_thru_data=" << (titer * size_per_proc / static_cast<double>(corpus.size())) << "   eta=" << lr->eta(titer);
+        vv << "total iter=" << titer << " (of current config iter=" << iter << ")  minibatch=" << size_per_proc << " sentences/proc x " << size << " procs.   num_feats=" << FD::NumFeats() << "   passes_thru_data=" << (titer * size_per_proc / static_cast<double>(corpus.size()));
         const string svv = vv.str();
-        cerr << svv << endl;
-        Weights::WriteToFile(fname, lambdas, true, &svv);
+        Weights::WriteToFile(fname, cur_weights, true, &svv);
       }
-#endif
 
       vector<Hypergraph> hgs(size_per_proc);
       vector<Hypergraph> gold_hgs(size_per_proc);
@@ -287,8 +314,8 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv) {
           Hypergraph& hg_gold = gold_hgs[i];
           if (hg.edges_.size() < 2) continue;
 
-          hg.Reweight(lambdas);
-          hg_gold.Reweight(lambdas);
+          hg.Reweight(cur_weights);
+          hg_gold.Reweight(cur_weights);
           SparseVector<prob_t> model_exp, gold_exp;
           const prob_t z = InsideOutside<prob_t,
                                          EdgeProb,
@@ -324,23 +351,37 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv) {
 #endif
         local_grad.clear();
         if (rank == 0) {
-          g /= (size_per_proc * size);
+          // g /= (size_per_proc * size);
           if (!o)
             o.reset(new LBFGSOptimizer(FD::NumFeats(), lbfgs_memory_buffers));
           vector<double> gg(FD::NumFeats());
-          if (gg.size() != lambdas.size()) { lambdas.resize(gg.size()); }
+          if (gg.size() != cur_weights.size()) { cur_weights.resize(gg.size()); }
           for (SparseVector<double>::const_iterator it = g.begin(); it != g.end(); ++it)
             if (it->first) { gg[it->first] = it->second; }
-          cerr << "OBJ: " << obj << endl;
-          o->Optimize(obj, gg, &lambdas);
+          g.clear();
+          double r = ApplyRegularizationTerms(regularization_strength,
+                                time_series_strength * (iter == 0 ? 0.0 : 1.0),
+                                cur_weights,
+                                prev_weights,
+                                &gg);
+          obj += r;
+          if (mi == 0 || mi == (minibatch_iterations - 1)) {
+            if (!mi) cerr << iter << ' '; else cerr << ' ';
+            cerr << "OBJ=" << obj << " (REG=" << r << ")" << " |g|=" << PNorm(gg, 2) << " |w|=" << PNorm(cur_weights, 2); 
+            if (mi > 0) cerr << endl << flush; else cerr << ' ';
+          } else { cerr << '.' << flush; }
+          // cerr << "w = "; VV(cerr, cur_weights); cerr << endl;
+          // cerr << "g = "; VV(cerr, gg); cerr << endl;
+          o->Optimize(obj, gg, &cur_weights);
         }
 #ifdef HAVE_MPI
-        broadcast(world, x, 0);
+        // broadcast(world, x, 0);
         broadcast(world, converged, 0);
         world.barrier();
         if (rank == 0) { cerr << "  ELAPSED TIME THIS ITERATION=" << timer.elapsed() << endl; }
 #endif
     }
+    prev_weights = cur_weights;
   }
   return 0;
 }
diff --git a/training/optimize.cc b/training/optimize.cc
index f0740d5c..41ac90d8 100644
--- a/training/optimize.cc
+++ b/training/optimize.cc
@@ -96,6 +96,7 @@ void LBFGSOptimizer::OptimizeImpl(const double& obj,
                                   const vector<double>& g,
                                   vector<double>* x) {
   opt_.run(&(*x)[0], obj, &g[0]);
-  cerr << opt_ << endl;
+  if (!opt_.requests_f_and_g()) opt_.run(&(*x)[0], obj, &g[0]);
+  // cerr << opt_ << endl;
 }
 
diff --git a/vest/parallelize.pl b/vest/parallelize.pl
index b4783f91..869f430b 100755
--- a/vest/parallelize.pl
+++ b/vest/parallelize.pl
@@ -240,12 +240,11 @@ my $node_count = 0;
 my $script = "";
 # fork == one thread runs the sentserver, while the
 # other spawns the sentclient commands.
-if (my $pid = fork) {
+my $pid = fork;
+if ($pid == 0) { # child
   sleep 8; # give other thread time to start sentserver
-  $script =
-      qq{wait
-$cdcmd$sentclient $host:$port:$key $cmd
-};
+  $script = "$cdcmd$sentclient $host:$port:$key $cmd";
+
   if ($verbose){
     print STDERR "Client script:\n====\n";
     print STDERR $script;
@@ -270,13 +269,18 @@ $cdcmd$sentclient $host:$port:$key $cmd
       }
     }
   }
-  waitpid($pid, 0);
-  cleanup();
+  print STDERR "CHILD PROCESSES SPAWNED ... WAITING\n";
+  for my $p (@pids) {
+    waitpid($p, 0);
+  }
 } else {
 #  my $todo = "$sentserver -k $key $multiflag $port ";
   my $todo = "$sentserver -k $key $multiflag $port $stay_alive_flag ";
   if ($verbose){ print STDERR "Running: $todo\n"; }
   check_call($todo);
+  print STDERR "Call to $sentserver returned.\n";
+  cleanup();
+  exit(0);
 }
 
 sub numof_live_jobs {
@@ -343,16 +347,18 @@ sub launch_job_fork {
     push @errors,$errorfile;
     push @outs,$outfile;
   }
-  if (my $pid = fork) {
+  my $pid = fork;
+  if ($pid == 0) {
     my ($fh, $scr_name) = get_temp_script();
     print $fh $script;
     close $fh;
     my $todo = "/bin/bash -xeo pipefail $scr_name 1> $outfile 2> $errorfile";
     print STDERR "EXEC: $todo\n";
     my $out = check_output("$todo");
-    print STDERR "RES: $out\n";
     unlink $scr_name or warn "Failed to remove $scr_name";
     exit 0;
+  } else {
+    push @pids, $pid;
   }
 }
 
diff --git a/word-aligner/aligner.pl b/word-aligner/aligner.pl
index 3a385a88..c5078645 100755
--- a/word-aligner/aligner.pl
+++ b/word-aligner/aligner.pl
@@ -27,11 +27,13 @@ die "Expected format corpus.l1-l2 where l1 & l2 are two-letter abbreviations\nfo
 my $f_lang = $1;
 my $e_lang = $2;
 
+print STDERR " Using mkcls in: $mkcls\n\n";
 print STDERR "Source language: $f_lang\n";
 print STDERR "Target language: $e_lang\n";
-print STDERR " Using mkcls in: $mkcls\n\n";
-die "Don't have an orthographic normalizer for $f_lang\n" unless -f "$SCRIPT_DIR/ortho-norm/$f_lang.pl";
-die "Don't have an orthographic normalizer for $e_lang\n" unless -f "$SCRIPT_DIR/ortho-norm/$e_lang.pl";
+die "Don't have an stemmer for $f_lang: please create $SCRIPT_DIR/stemmers/$f_lang.pl\n" unless -f "$SCRIPT_DIR/stemmers/$f_lang.pl";
+die "Don't have an stemmer for $e_lang: please create $SCRIPT_DIR/stemmers/$e_lang.pl\n" unless -f "$SCRIPT_DIR/stemmers/$e_lang.pl";
+die "Don't have an orthographic normalizer for $f_lang: please create $SCRIPT_DIR/ortho-norm/$f_lang.pl\n" unless -f "$SCRIPT_DIR/ortho-norm/$f_lang.pl";
+die "Don't have an orthographic normalizer for $e_lang: please create $SCRIPT_DIR/ortho-norm/$e_lang.pl\n" unless -f "$SCRIPT_DIR/ortho-norm/$e_lang.pl";
 
 my @directions = qw(f-e);
 
diff --git a/word-aligner/ortho-norm/mg.pl b/word-aligner/ortho-norm/mg.pl
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..4cb0e8e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/word-aligner/ortho-norm/mg.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl -w
+use strict;
+use utf8;
+
+binmode(STDIN, ":utf8");
+binmode(STDOUT, ":utf8");
+
+while(<STDIN>) {
+  $_ = lc $_;
+  s/([a-z])'( |$)/$1$2/g;
+  print;
+}
+
diff --git a/word-aligner/ortho-norm/rw.pl b/word-aligner/ortho-norm/rw.pl
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..4cb0e8e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/word-aligner/ortho-norm/rw.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl -w
+use strict;
+use utf8;
+
+binmode(STDIN, ":utf8");
+binmode(STDOUT, ":utf8");
+
+while(<STDIN>) {
+  $_ = lc $_;
+  s/([a-z])'( |$)/$1$2/g;
+  print;
+}
+
diff --git a/word-aligner/stemmers/mg.pl b/word-aligner/stemmers/mg.pl
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..2f79a94e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/word-aligner/stemmers/mg.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl -w
+
+use strict;
+use utf8;
+
+binmode(STDIN, ":utf8");
+binmode(STDOUT,":utf8");
+
+my $vocab = undef;
+if (scalar @ARGV > 0) {
+  die "Only allow --vocab" unless ($ARGV[0] eq '--vocab' && scalar @ARGV == 1);
+  $vocab = 1;
+}
+
+my %dict;
+while(<STDIN>) {
+  chomp;
+  my @words = split /\s+/;
+  my @out = ();
+  for my $w (@words) {
+    my $tw = $dict{$w};
+    if (!defined $tw) {
+      my $el = 5;
+      if ($w =~ /(ndz|ndr|nts|ntr)/) { $el++; }
+      if ($w =~ /^(mp|mb|nd)/) { $el++; }
+      if ($el > length($w)) { $el = length($w); }
+      $tw = substr $w, 0, $el;
+      $dict{$w} = $tw;
+    }
+    push @out, $tw;
+  }
+  if ($vocab) {
+    die "Expected exactly one word per line with --vocab: $_" unless scalar @out == 1;
+    print "$_ @out\n";
+  } else {
+    print "@out\n";
+  }
+}
+
diff --git a/word-aligner/stemmers/rw.pl b/word-aligner/stemmers/rw.pl
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..6d873b40
--- /dev/null
+++ b/word-aligner/stemmers/rw.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl -w
+
+use strict;
+use utf8;
+
+binmode(STDIN, ":utf8");
+binmode(STDOUT,":utf8");
+
+my $vocab = undef;
+if (scalar @ARGV > 0) {
+  die "Only allow --vocab" unless ($ARGV[0] eq '--vocab' && scalar @ARGV == 1);
+  $vocab = 1;
+}
+
+my %dict;
+while(<STDIN>) {
+  chomp;
+  my @words = split /\s+/;
+  my @out = ();
+  for my $w (@words) {
+    my $tw = $dict{$w};
+    if (!defined $tw) {
+      my $el = 5;
+      if ($w =~ /(ny|jy|nk|nt|sh|cy)/) { $el++; }
+      if ($el > length($w)) { $el = length($w); }
+      $tw = substr $w, 0, $el;
+      $dict{$w} = $tw;
+    }
+    push @out, $tw;
+  }
+  if ($vocab) {
+    die "Expected exactly one word per line with --vocab: $_" unless scalar @out == 1;
+    print "$_ @out\n";
+  } else {
+    print "@out\n";
+  }
+}
+