fixed conflicts

17 files changed, 1613 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/klm/util/stream/Makefile.am b/klm/util/stream/Makefile.am
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f18cbedb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/klm/util/stream/Makefile.am
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+noinst_LIBRARIES = libklm_util_stream.a
+
+libklm_util_stream_a_SOURCES = \
+  block.hh \
+  chain.cc \
+  chain.hh \
+  config.hh \
+  io.cc \
+  io.hh \
+  line_input.cc \
+  line_input.hh \
+  multi_progress.cc \
+  multi_progress.hh \
+  sort.hh \
+  stream.hh \
+  timer.hh
+
+AM_CPPFLAGS = -W -Wall -I$(top_srcdir)/klm
+
+#-I$(top_srcdir)/klm/util/double-conversion
diff --git a/klm/util/stream/block.hh b/klm/util/stream/block.hh
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..11aa991e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/klm/util/stream/block.hh
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+#ifndef UTIL_STREAM_BLOCK__
+#define UTIL_STREAM_BLOCK__
+
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+namespace util {
+namespace stream {
+
+class Block {
+  public:
+    Block() : mem_(NULL), valid_size_(0) {}
+
+    Block(void *mem, std::size_t size) : mem_(mem), valid_size_(size) {}
+
+    void SetValidSize(std::size_t to) { valid_size_ = to; }
+    // Read might fill in less than Allocated at EOF.   
+    std::size_t ValidSize() const { return valid_size_; }
+
+    void *Get() { return mem_; }
+    const void *Get() const { return mem_; }
+
+    const void *ValidEnd() const { 
+      return reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(mem_) + valid_size_;
+    }
+
+    operator bool() const { return mem_ != NULL; }
+    bool operator!() const { return mem_ == NULL; }
+ 
+  private:
+    friend class Link;
+    void SetToPoison() {
+      mem_ = NULL;
+    }
+
+    void *mem_;
+    std::size_t valid_size_;
+};
+
+} // namespace stream
+} // namespace util
+
+#endif // UTIL_STREAM_BLOCK__
diff --git a/klm/util/stream/chain.cc b/klm/util/stream/chain.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..46708c60
--- /dev/null
+++ b/klm/util/stream/chain.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+#include "util/stream/chain.hh"
+
+#include "util/stream/io.hh"
+
+#include "util/exception.hh"
+#include "util/pcqueue.hh"
+
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <new>
+#include <iostream>
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+namespace util {
+namespace stream {
+
+ChainConfigException::ChainConfigException() throw() { *this << "Chain configured with "; }
+ChainConfigException::~ChainConfigException() throw() {}
+
+Thread::~Thread() {
+  thread_.join();
+}
+
+void Thread::UnhandledException(const std::exception &e) {
+  std::cerr << e.what() << std::endl;
+  abort();
+}
+
+void Recycler::Run(const ChainPosition &position) {
+  for (Link l(position); l; ++l) {
+    l->SetValidSize(position.GetChain().BlockSize());
+  }
+}
+
+const Recycler kRecycle = Recycler();
+
+Chain::Chain(const ChainConfig &config) : config_(config), complete_called_(false) {
+  UTIL_THROW_IF(!config.entry_size, ChainConfigException, "zero-size entries.");
+  UTIL_THROW_IF(!config.block_count, ChainConfigException, "block count zero");
+  UTIL_THROW_IF(config.total_memory < config.entry_size * config.block_count, ChainConfigException, config.total_memory << " total memory, too small for " << config.block_count << " blocks of containing entries of size " << config.entry_size);
+  // Round down block size to a multiple of entry size.   
+  block_size_ = config.total_memory / (config.block_count * config.entry_size) * config.entry_size;
+}
+
+Chain::~Chain() {
+  Wait();
+}
+
+ChainPosition Chain::Add() {
+  if (!Running()) Start();
+  PCQueue<Block> &in = queues_.back();
+  queues_.push_back(new PCQueue<Block>(config_.block_count));
+  return ChainPosition(in, queues_.back(), this, progress_);
+}
+
+Chain &Chain::operator>>(const WriteAndRecycle &writer) {
+  threads_.push_back(new Thread(Complete(), writer));
+  return *this;
+}
+
+void Chain::Wait(bool release_memory) {
+  if (queues_.empty()) {
+    assert(threads_.empty());
+    return; // Nothing to wait for.  
+  }
+  if (!complete_called_) CompleteLoop();
+  threads_.clear();
+  for (std::size_t i = 0; queues_.front().Consume(); ++i) {
+    if (i == config_.block_count) {
+      std::cerr << "Chain ending without poison." << std::endl;
+      abort();
+    }
+  }
+  queues_.clear();
+  progress_.Finished();
+  complete_called_ = false;
+  if (release_memory) memory_.reset();
+}
+
+void Chain::Start() {
+  Wait(false);
+  if (!memory_.get()) {
+    // Allocate memory.  
+    assert(threads_.empty());
+    assert(queues_.empty());
+    std::size_t malloc_size = block_size_ * config_.block_count;
+    memory_.reset(MallocOrThrow(malloc_size));
+  }
+  // This queue can accomodate all blocks.    
+  queues_.push_back(new PCQueue<Block>(config_.block_count));
+  // Populate the lead queue with blocks.  
+  uint8_t *base = static_cast<uint8_t*>(memory_.get());
+  for (std::size_t i = 0; i < config_.block_count; ++i) {
+    queues_.front().Produce(Block(base, block_size_));
+    base += block_size_;
+  }
+}
+
+ChainPosition Chain::Complete() {
+  assert(Running());
+  UTIL_THROW_IF(complete_called_, util::Exception, "CompleteLoop() called twice");
+  complete_called_ = true;
+  return ChainPosition(queues_.back(), queues_.front(), this, progress_);
+}
+
+Link::Link() : in_(NULL), out_(NULL), poisoned_(true) {}
+
+void Link::Init(const ChainPosition &position) {
+  UTIL_THROW_IF(in_, util::Exception, "Link::Init twice");
+  in_ = position.in_;
+  out_ = position.out_;
+  poisoned_ = false;
+  progress_ = position.progress_;
+  in_->Consume(current_);
+}
+
+Link::Link(const ChainPosition &position) : in_(NULL) {
+  Init(position);
+}
+
+Link::~Link() {
+  if (current_) {
+    // Probably an exception unwinding.  
+    std::cerr << "Last input should have been poison." << std::endl;
+//    abort();
+  } else {
+    if (!poisoned_) {
+      // Pass the poison!
+      out_->Produce(current_);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+Link &Link::operator++() {
+  assert(current_);
+  progress_ += current_.ValidSize();
+  out_->Produce(current_);
+  in_->Consume(current_);
+  if (!current_) {
+    poisoned_ = true;
+    out_->Produce(current_);
+  }
+  return *this;
+}
+
+void Link::Poison() {
+  assert(!poisoned_);
+  current_.SetToPoison();
+  out_->Produce(current_);
+  poisoned_ = true;
+}
+
+} // namespace stream
+} // namespace util
diff --git a/klm/util/stream/chain.hh b/klm/util/stream/chain.hh
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..154b9b33
--- /dev/null
+++ b/klm/util/stream/chain.hh
@@ -0,0 +1,198 @@
+#ifndef UTIL_STREAM_CHAIN__
+#define UTIL_STREAM_CHAIN__
+
+#include "util/stream/block.hh"
+#include "util/stream/config.hh"
+#include "util/stream/multi_progress.hh"
+#include "util/scoped.hh"
+
+#include <boost/ptr_container/ptr_vector.hpp>
+#include <boost/thread/thread.hpp>
+
+#include <cstddef>
+
+#include <assert.h>
+
+namespace util {
+template <class T> class PCQueue;
+namespace stream {
+
+class ChainConfigException : public Exception {
+  public:
+    ChainConfigException() throw();
+    ~ChainConfigException() throw();
+};
+
+class Chain;
+// Specifies position in chain for Link constructor.
+class ChainPosition {
+  public:
+    const Chain &GetChain() const { return *chain_; }
+  private:
+    friend class Chain;
+    friend class Link;
+    ChainPosition(PCQueue<Block> &in, PCQueue<Block> &out, Chain *chain, MultiProgress &progress) 
+      : in_(&in), out_(&out), chain_(chain), progress_(progress.Add()) {}
+
+    PCQueue<Block> *in_, *out_;
+
+    Chain *chain_;
+
+    WorkerProgress progress_;
+};
+
+// Position is usually ChainPosition but if there are multiple streams involved, this can be ChainPositions.  
+class Thread {
+  public:
+    template <class Position, class Worker> Thread(const Position &position, const Worker &worker)
+      : thread_(boost::ref(*this), position, worker) {}
+
+    ~Thread();
+
+    template <class Position, class Worker> void operator()(const Position &position, Worker &worker) {
+      try {
+        worker.Run(position);
+      } catch (const std::exception &e) {
+        UnhandledException(e);
+      }
+    }
+
+  private:
+    void UnhandledException(const std::exception &e);
+
+    boost::thread thread_;
+};
+
+class Recycler {
+  public:
+    void Run(const ChainPosition &position);
+};
+
+extern const Recycler kRecycle;
+class WriteAndRecycle;
+
+class Chain {
+  private:
+    template <class T, void (T::*ptr)(const ChainPosition &) = &T::Run> struct CheckForRun {
+      typedef Chain type;
+    };
+
+  public:
+    explicit Chain(const ChainConfig &config);
+
+    ~Chain();
+
+    void ActivateProgress() {
+      assert(!Running());
+      progress_.Activate();
+    }
+
+    void SetProgressTarget(uint64_t target) {
+      progress_.SetTarget(target);
+    }
+
+    std::size_t EntrySize() const {
+      return config_.entry_size;
+    }
+    std::size_t BlockSize() const {
+      return block_size_;
+    }
+
+    // Two ways to add to the chain: Add() or operator>>.  
+    ChainPosition Add();
+
+    // This is for adding threaded workers with a Run method.  
+    template <class Worker> typename CheckForRun<Worker>::type &operator>>(const Worker &worker) {
+      assert(!complete_called_);
+      threads_.push_back(new Thread(Add(), worker));
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    // Avoid copying the worker.  
+    template <class Worker> typename CheckForRun<Worker>::type &operator>>(const boost::reference_wrapper<Worker> &worker) {
+      assert(!complete_called_);
+      threads_.push_back(new Thread(Add(), worker));
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    // Note that Link and Stream also define operator>> outside this class.  
+
+    // To complete the loop, call CompleteLoop(), >> kRecycle, or the destructor.  
+    void CompleteLoop() {
+      threads_.push_back(new Thread(Complete(), kRecycle));
+    }
+
+    Chain &operator>>(const Recycler &recycle) {
+      CompleteLoop();
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    Chain &operator>>(const WriteAndRecycle &writer);
+
+    // Chains are reusable.  Call Wait to wait for everything to finish and free memory.  
+    void Wait(bool release_memory = true);
+
+    // Waits for the current chain to complete (if any) then starts again.  
+    void Start();
+
+    bool Running() const { return !queues_.empty(); }
+
+  private:
+    ChainPosition Complete();
+
+    ChainConfig config_;
+
+    std::size_t block_size_;
+
+    scoped_malloc memory_;
+
+    boost::ptr_vector<PCQueue<Block> > queues_;
+
+    bool complete_called_;
+
+    boost::ptr_vector<Thread> threads_;
+
+    MultiProgress progress_;
+};
+
+// Create the link in the worker thread using the position token.
+class Link {
+  public:
+    // Either default construct and Init or just construct all at once.
+    Link();
+    void Init(const ChainPosition &position);
+
+    explicit Link(const ChainPosition &position);
+
+    ~Link();
+
+    Block &operator*() { return current_; }
+    const Block &operator*() const { return current_; }
+
+    Block *operator->() { return &current_; }
+    const Block *operator->() const { return &current_; }
+
+    Link &operator++();
+
+    operator bool() const { return current_; }
+
+    void Poison();
+
+  private:
+    Block current_;
+    PCQueue<Block> *in_, *out_;
+ 
+    bool poisoned_;
+
+    WorkerProgress progress_;
+};
+
+inline Chain &operator>>(Chain &chain, Link &link) {
+  link.Init(chain.Add());
+  return chain;
+}
+
+} // namespace stream
+} // namespace util
+
+#endif // UTIL_STREAM_CHAIN__
diff --git a/klm/util/stream/config.hh b/klm/util/stream/config.hh
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1eeb3a8a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/klm/util/stream/config.hh
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+#ifndef UTIL_STREAM_CONFIG__
+#define UTIL_STREAM_CONFIG__
+
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <string>
+
+namespace util { namespace stream {
+
+struct ChainConfig {
+  ChainConfig() {}
+
+  ChainConfig(std::size_t in_entry_size, std::size_t in_block_count, std::size_t in_total_memory)
+    : entry_size(in_entry_size), block_count(in_block_count), total_memory(in_total_memory) {}
+
+  std::size_t entry_size;
+  std::size_t block_count;
+  // Chain's constructor will make this a multiple of entry_size. 
+  std::size_t total_memory;
+};
+
+struct SortConfig {
+  std::string temp_prefix;
+
+  // Size of each input/output buffer.
+  std::size_t buffer_size;
+
+  // Total memory to use when running alone.
+  std::size_t total_memory;
+};
+
+}} // namespaces
+#endif // UTIL_STREAM_CONFIG__
diff --git a/klm/util/stream/io.cc b/klm/util/stream/io.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0459f706
--- /dev/null
+++ b/klm/util/stream/io.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+#include "util/stream/io.hh"
+
+#include "util/file.hh"
+#include "util/stream/chain.hh"
+
+#include <cstddef>
+
+namespace util {
+namespace stream {
+
+ReadSizeException::ReadSizeException() throw() {}
+ReadSizeException::~ReadSizeException() throw() {}
+
+void Read::Run(const ChainPosition &position) {
+  const std::size_t block_size = position.GetChain().BlockSize();
+  const std::size_t entry_size = position.GetChain().EntrySize();
+  for (Link link(position); link; ++link) {
+    std::size_t got = util::ReadOrEOF(file_, link->Get(), block_size);
+    UTIL_THROW_IF(got % entry_size, ReadSizeException, "File ended with " << got << " bytes, not a multiple of " << entry_size << "."); 
+    if (got == 0) {
+      link.Poison();
+      return;
+    } else {
+      link->SetValidSize(got);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void PRead::Run(const ChainPosition &position) {
+  scoped_fd owner;
+  if (own_) owner.reset(file_);
+  const uint64_t size = SizeOrThrow(file_);
+  UTIL_THROW_IF(size % static_cast<uint64_t>(position.GetChain().EntrySize()), ReadSizeException, "File size " << file_ << " size is " << size << " not a multiple of " << position.GetChain().EntrySize());
+  const std::size_t block_size = position.GetChain().BlockSize();
+  const uint64_t block_size64 = static_cast<uint64_t>(block_size);
+  Link link(position);
+  uint64_t offset = 0;
+  for (; offset + block_size64 < size; offset += block_size64, ++link) {
+    PReadOrThrow(file_, link->Get(), block_size, offset);
+    link->SetValidSize(block_size);
+  }
+  // size - offset is <= block_size, so it casts to 32-bit fine.
+  if (size - offset) {
+    PReadOrThrow(file_, link->Get(), size - offset, offset);
+    link->SetValidSize(size - offset);
+    ++link;
+  }
+  link.Poison();
+}
+
+void Write::Run(const ChainPosition &position) {
+  for (Link link(position); link; ++link) {
+    WriteOrThrow(file_, link->Get(), link->ValidSize());
+  }
+}
+
+void WriteAndRecycle::Run(const ChainPosition &position) {
+  const std::size_t block_size = position.GetChain().BlockSize();
+  for (Link link(position); link; ++link) {
+    WriteOrThrow(file_, link->Get(), link->ValidSize());
+    link->SetValidSize(block_size);
+  }
+}
+
+} // namespace stream
+} // namespace util
diff --git a/klm/util/stream/io.hh b/klm/util/stream/io.hh
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..934b6b3f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/klm/util/stream/io.hh
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+#ifndef UTIL_STREAM_IO__
+#define UTIL_STREAM_IO__
+
+#include "util/exception.hh"
+#include "util/file.hh"
+
+namespace util {
+namespace stream {
+
+class ChainPosition;
+
+class ReadSizeException : public util::Exception {
+  public:
+    ReadSizeException() throw();
+    ~ReadSizeException() throw();
+};
+
+class Read {
+  public:
+    explicit Read(int fd) : file_(fd) {}
+    void Run(const ChainPosition &position); 
+  private:
+    int file_;
+};
+
+// Like read but uses pread so that the file can be accessed from multiple threads.  
+class PRead {
+  public:
+    explicit PRead(int fd, bool take_own = false) : file_(fd), own_(take_own) {}
+    void Run(const ChainPosition &position);
+  private:
+    int file_;
+    bool own_;
+};
+
+class Write {
+  public:
+    explicit Write(int fd) : file_(fd) {}
+    void Run(const ChainPosition &position);
+  private:
+    int file_;
+};
+
+class WriteAndRecycle {
+  public:
+    explicit WriteAndRecycle(int fd) : file_(fd) {}
+    void Run(const ChainPosition &position);
+  private:
+    int file_;
+};
+
+// Reuse the same file over and over again to buffer output.  
+class FileBuffer {
+  public:
+    explicit FileBuffer(int fd) : file_(fd) {}
+
+    WriteAndRecycle Sink() const {
+      util::SeekOrThrow(file_.get(), 0);
+      return WriteAndRecycle(file_.get());
+    }
+
+    PRead Source() const {
+      return PRead(file_.get());
+    }
+
+    uint64_t Size() const {
+      return SizeOrThrow(file_.get());
+    }
+
+  private:
+    scoped_fd file_;
+};
+
+} // namespace stream
+} // namespace util
+#endif // UTIL_STREAM_IO__
diff --git a/klm/util/stream/io_test.cc b/klm/util/stream/io_test.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..82108335
--- /dev/null
+++ b/klm/util/stream/io_test.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+#include "util/stream/io.hh"
+
+#include "util/stream/chain.hh"
+#include "util/file.hh"
+
+#define BOOST_TEST_MODULE IOTest
+#include <boost/test/unit_test.hpp>
+
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+namespace util { namespace stream { namespace {
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(CopyFile) {
+  std::string temps("io_test_temp");
+
+  scoped_fd in(MakeTemp(temps));
+  for (uint64_t i = 0; i < 100000; ++i) {
+    WriteOrThrow(in.get(), &i, sizeof(uint64_t));
+  }
+  SeekOrThrow(in.get(), 0);
+  scoped_fd out(MakeTemp(temps));
+
+  ChainConfig config;
+  config.entry_size = 8;
+  config.total_memory = 1024;
+  config.block_count = 10;
+
+  Chain(config) >> PRead(in.get()) >> Write(out.get());
+
+  SeekOrThrow(out.get(), 0);
+  for (uint64_t i = 0; i < 100000; ++i) {
+    uint64_t got;
+    ReadOrThrow(out.get(), &got, sizeof(uint64_t));
+    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(i, got);
+  }
+}
+
+}}} // namespaces
diff --git a/klm/util/stream/line_input.cc b/klm/util/stream/line_input.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..dafa5020
--- /dev/null
+++ b/klm/util/stream/line_input.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+#include "util/stream/line_input.hh"
+
+#include "util/exception.hh"
+#include "util/file.hh"
+#include "util/read_compressed.hh"
+#include "util/stream/chain.hh"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace util { namespace stream {
+
+void LineInput::Run(const ChainPosition &position) {
+  ReadCompressed reader(fd_);
+  // Holding area for beginning of line to be placed in next block.
+  std::vector<char> carry;
+  
+  for (Link block(position); ; ++block) {
+    char *to = static_cast<char*>(block->Get());
+    char *begin = to;
+    char *end = to + position.GetChain().BlockSize();
+    std::copy(carry.begin(), carry.end(), to);
+    to += carry.size();
+    while (to != end) {
+      std::size_t got = reader.Read(to, end - to);
+      if (!got) {
+        // EOF
+        block->SetValidSize(to - begin);
+        ++block;
+        block.Poison();
+        return;
+      }
+      to += got;
+    }
+
+    // Find the last newline.
+    char *newline;
+    for (newline = to - 1; ; --newline) {
+      UTIL_THROW_IF(newline < begin, Exception, "Did not find a newline in " << position.GetChain().BlockSize() << " bytes of input of " << NameFromFD(fd_) << ".  Is this a text file?");
+      if (*newline == '\n') break;
+    }
+    
+    // Copy everything after the last newline to the carry.
+    carry.clear();
+    carry.resize(to - (newline + 1));
+    std::copy(newline + 1, to, &*carry.begin());
+
+    block->SetValidSize(newline + 1 - begin);
+  }
+}
+
+}} // namespaces
diff --git a/klm/util/stream/line_input.hh b/klm/util/stream/line_input.hh
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..86db1dd0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/klm/util/stream/line_input.hh
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+#ifndef UTIL_STREAM_LINE_INPUT__
+#define UTIL_STREAM_LINE_INPUT__
+namespace util {namespace stream {
+
+class ChainPosition;
+
+/* Worker that reads input into blocks, ensuring that blocks contain whole
+ * lines.  Assumes that the maximum size of a line is less than the block size
+ */
+class LineInput {
+  public:
+    // Takes ownership upon thread execution.
+    explicit LineInput(int fd);
+
+    void Run(const ChainPosition &position);
+
+  private:
+    int fd_;
+};
+
+}} // namespaces
+#endif // UTIL_STREAM_LINE_INPUT__
diff --git a/klm/util/stream/multi_progress.cc b/klm/util/stream/multi_progress.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8ba10386
--- /dev/null
+++ b/klm/util/stream/multi_progress.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+#include "util/stream/multi_progress.hh"
+
+// TODO: merge some functionality with the simple progress bar?
+#include "util/ersatz_progress.hh"
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <limits>
+
+#include <string.h>
+
+#if !defined(_WIN32) && !defined(_WIN64)
+#include <unistd.h>
+#endif
+
+namespace util { namespace stream {
+
+namespace {
+const char kDisplayCharacters[] = "-+*#0123456789";
+
+uint64_t Next(unsigned char stone, uint64_t complete) {
+  return (static_cast<uint64_t>(stone + 1) * complete + MultiProgress::kWidth - 1) / MultiProgress::kWidth;
+}
+
+} // namespace
+
+MultiProgress::MultiProgress() : active_(false), complete_(std::numeric_limits<uint64_t>::max()), character_handout_(0) {}
+
+MultiProgress::~MultiProgress() {
+  if (active_ && complete_ != std::numeric_limits<uint64_t>::max())
+    std::cerr << '\n';
+}
+
+void MultiProgress::Activate() {
+  active_ = 
+#if !defined(_WIN32) && !defined(_WIN64)
+    // Is stderr a terminal?  
+    (isatty(2) == 1)
+#else
+    true
+#endif
+    ;
+}
+
+void MultiProgress::SetTarget(uint64_t complete) {
+  if (!active_) return;
+  complete_ = complete;
+  if (!complete) complete_ = 1;
+  memset(display_, 0, sizeof(display_));
+  character_handout_ = 0;
+  std::cerr << kProgressBanner;
+}
+
+WorkerProgress MultiProgress::Add() {
+  if (!active_)
+    return WorkerProgress(std::numeric_limits<uint64_t>::max(), *this, '\0');
+  std::size_t character_index;
+  {
+    boost::unique_lock<boost::mutex> lock(mutex_);
+    character_index = character_handout_++;
+    if (character_handout_ == sizeof(kDisplayCharacters) - 1)
+      character_handout_ = 0;
+  }
+  return WorkerProgress(Next(0, complete_), *this, kDisplayCharacters[character_index]);
+}
+
+void MultiProgress::Finished() {
+  if (!active_ || complete_ == std::numeric_limits<uint64_t>::max()) return;
+  std::cerr << '\n';
+  complete_ = std::numeric_limits<uint64_t>::max();
+}
+
+void MultiProgress::Milestone(WorkerProgress &worker) {
+  if (!active_ || complete_ == std::numeric_limits<uint64_t>::max()) return;
+  unsigned char stone = std::min(static_cast<uint64_t>(kWidth), worker.current_ * kWidth / complete_);
+  for (char *i = &display_[worker.stone_]; i < &display_[stone]; ++i) {
+    *i = worker.character_;
+  }
+  worker.next_ = Next(stone, complete_);
+  worker.stone_ = stone;
+  {
+    boost::unique_lock<boost::mutex> lock(mutex_);
+    std::cerr << '\r' << display_ << std::flush;
+  }
+}
+
+}} // namespaces
diff --git a/klm/util/stream/multi_progress.hh b/klm/util/stream/multi_progress.hh
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c4dd45a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/klm/util/stream/multi_progress.hh
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+/* Progress bar suitable for chains of workers */
+#ifndef UTIL_MULTI_PROGRESS__
+#define UTIL_MULTI_PROGRESS__
+
+#include <boost/thread/mutex.hpp>
+
+#include <cstddef>
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+namespace util { namespace stream {
+
+class WorkerProgress;
+
+class MultiProgress {
+  public:
+    static const unsigned char kWidth = 100;
+
+    MultiProgress();
+
+    ~MultiProgress();
+
+    // Turns on showing (requires SetTarget too).
+    void Activate();
+
+    void SetTarget(uint64_t complete);
+
+    WorkerProgress Add();
+
+    void Finished();
+
+  private:
+    friend class WorkerProgress;
+    void Milestone(WorkerProgress &worker);
+
+    bool active_;
+
+    uint64_t complete_;
+
+    boost::mutex mutex_;
+
+    // \0 at the end.  
+    char display_[kWidth + 1];
+
+    std::size_t character_handout_;
+
+    MultiProgress(const MultiProgress &);
+    MultiProgress &operator=(const MultiProgress &);
+};
+
+class WorkerProgress {
+  public:
+    // Default contrutor must be initialized with operator= later.  
+    WorkerProgress() : parent_(NULL) {}
+
+    // Not threadsafe for the same worker by default.  
+    WorkerProgress &operator++() {
+      if (++current_ >= next_) {
+        parent_->Milestone(*this);
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    WorkerProgress &operator+=(uint64_t amount) {
+      current_ += amount;
+      if (current_ >= next_) {
+        parent_->Milestone(*this);
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+  private:
+    friend class MultiProgress;
+    WorkerProgress(uint64_t next, MultiProgress &parent, char character) 
+      : current_(0), next_(next), parent_(&parent), stone_(0), character_(character) {}
+
+    uint64_t current_, next_;
+
+    MultiProgress *parent_;
+
+    // Previous milestone reached.  
+    unsigned char stone_;
+
+    // Character to display in bar.  
+    char character_;
+};
+
+}} // namespaces
+
+#endif // UTIL_MULTI_PROGRESS__
diff --git a/klm/util/stream/sort.hh b/klm/util/stream/sort.hh
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..16aa6a03
--- /dev/null
+++ b/klm/util/stream/sort.hh
@@ -0,0 +1,548 @@
+/* Usage:
+ * Sort<Compare> sorter(temp, compare);
+ * Chain(config) >> Read(file) >> sorter.Unsorted();
+ * Stream stream;
+ * Chain chain(config) >> sorter.Sorted(internal_config, lazy_config) >> stream;
+ * 
+ * Note that sorter must outlive any threads that use Unsorted or Sorted.  
+ *
+ * Combiners take the form:
+ * bool operator()(void *into, const void *option, const Compare &compare) const
+ * which returns true iff a combination happened.  The sorting algorithm
+ * guarantees compare(into, option).  But it does not guarantee 
+ * compare(option, into).  
+ * Currently, combining is only done in merge steps, not during on-the-fly
+ * sort.  Use a hash table for that.  
+ */
+
+#ifndef UTIL_STREAM_SORT__
+#define UTIL_STREAM_SORT__
+
+#include "util/stream/chain.hh"
+#include "util/stream/config.hh"
+#include "util/stream/io.hh"
+#include "util/stream/stream.hh"
+#include "util/stream/timer.hh"
+
+#include "util/file.hh"
+#include "util/scoped.hh"
+#include "util/sized_iterator.hh"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <queue>
+#include <string>
+
+namespace util {
+namespace stream {
+
+struct NeverCombine {
+  template <class Compare> bool operator()(const void *, const void *, const Compare &) const { 
+    return false;
+  }
+};
+
+// Manage the offsets of sorted blocks in a file.  
+class Offsets {
+  public:
+    explicit Offsets(int fd) : log_(fd) {
+      Reset();
+    }
+
+    int File() const { return log_; }
+
+    void Append(uint64_t length) {
+      if (!length) return;
+      ++block_count_;
+      if (length == cur_.length) {
+        ++cur_.run;
+        return;
+      }
+      WriteOrThrow(log_, &cur_, sizeof(Entry));
+      cur_.length = length;
+      cur_.run = 1;
+    }
+
+    void FinishedAppending() {
+      WriteOrThrow(log_, &cur_, sizeof(Entry));
+      SeekOrThrow(log_, sizeof(Entry)); // Skip 0,0 at beginning.
+      cur_.run = 0;
+      if (block_count_) {
+        ReadOrThrow(log_, &cur_, sizeof(Entry));
+        assert(cur_.length);
+        assert(cur_.run);
+      }
+    }
+
+    uint64_t RemainingBlocks() const { return block_count_; }
+
+    uint64_t TotalOffset() const { return output_sum_; }
+
+    uint64_t PeekSize() const {
+      return cur_.length;
+    }
+
+    uint64_t NextSize() {
+      assert(block_count_);
+      uint64_t ret = cur_.length;
+      output_sum_ += ret;
+
+      --cur_.run;
+      --block_count_;
+      if (!cur_.run && block_count_) {
+        ReadOrThrow(log_, &cur_, sizeof(Entry));
+        assert(cur_.length);
+        assert(cur_.run);
+      }
+      return ret;
+    }
+
+    void Reset() {
+      SeekOrThrow(log_, 0);
+      ResizeOrThrow(log_, 0);
+      cur_.length = 0;
+      cur_.run = 0;
+      block_count_ = 0;
+      output_sum_ = 0;
+    }
+
+  private:
+    int log_;
+
+    struct Entry {
+      uint64_t length;
+      uint64_t run;
+    };
+    Entry cur_;
+
+    uint64_t block_count_;
+
+    uint64_t output_sum_;
+};
+
+// A priority queue of entries backed by file buffers
+template <class Compare> class MergeQueue {
+  public:
+    MergeQueue(int fd, std::size_t buffer_size, std::size_t entry_size, const Compare &compare)
+      : queue_(Greater(compare)), in_(fd), buffer_size_(buffer_size), entry_size_(entry_size) {}
+
+    void Push(void *base, uint64_t offset, uint64_t amount) {
+      queue_.push(Entry(base, in_, offset, amount, buffer_size_));
+    }
+
+    const void *Top() const {
+      return queue_.top().Current();
+    }
+
+    void Pop() {
+      Entry top(queue_.top());
+      queue_.pop();
+      if (top.Increment(in_, buffer_size_, entry_size_))
+        queue_.push(top);
+    }
+
+    std::size_t Size() const {
+      return queue_.size();
+    }
+
+    bool Empty() const {
+      return queue_.empty();
+    }
+
+  private:
+    // Priority queue contains these entries.  
+    class Entry {
+      public:
+        Entry() {}
+
+        Entry(void *base, int fd, uint64_t offset, uint64_t amount, std::size_t buf_size) {
+          offset_ = offset;
+          remaining_ = amount;
+          buffer_end_ = static_cast<uint8_t*>(base) + buf_size;
+          Read(fd, buf_size);
+        }
+
+        bool Increment(int fd, std::size_t buf_size, std::size_t entry_size) {
+          current_ += entry_size;
+          if (current_ != buffer_end_) return true;
+          return Read(fd, buf_size);
+        }
+
+        const void *Current() const { return current_; }
+
+      private:
+        bool Read(int fd, std::size_t buf_size) {
+          current_ = buffer_end_ - buf_size;
+          std::size_t amount;
+          if (static_cast<uint64_t>(buf_size) < remaining_) {
+            amount = buf_size;
+          } else if (!remaining_) {
+            return false;
+          } else {
+            amount = remaining_;
+            buffer_end_ = current_ + remaining_;
+          }
+          PReadOrThrow(fd, current_, amount, offset_);
+          offset_ += amount;
+          assert(current_ <= buffer_end_);
+          remaining_ -= amount;
+          return true;
+        }
+
+        // Buffer
+        uint8_t *current_, *buffer_end_;
+        // File
+        uint64_t remaining_, offset_;
+    };
+
+    // Wrapper comparison function for queue entries.   
+    class Greater : public std::binary_function<const Entry &, const Entry &, bool> {
+      public:
+        explicit Greater(const Compare &compare) : compare_(compare) {}
+
+        bool operator()(const Entry &first, const Entry &second) const {
+          return compare_(second.Current(), first.Current());
+        }
+
+      private:
+        const Compare compare_;
+    };
+
+    typedef std::priority_queue<Entry, std::vector<Entry>, Greater> Queue;
+    Queue queue_;
+
+    const int in_;
+    const std::size_t buffer_size_;
+    const std::size_t entry_size_;
+};
+
+/* A worker object that merges.  If the number of pieces to merge exceeds the
+ * arity, it outputs multiple sorted blocks, recording to out_offsets.  
+ * However, users will only every see a single sorted block out output because
+ * Sort::Sorted insures the arity is higher than the number of pieces before
+ * returning this.   
+ */
+template <class Compare, class Combine> class MergingReader {
+  public:
+    MergingReader(int in, Offsets *in_offsets, Offsets *out_offsets, std::size_t buffer_size, std::size_t total_memory, const Compare &compare, const Combine &combine) :
+        compare_(compare), combine_(combine),
+        in_(in),
+        in_offsets_(in_offsets), out_offsets_(out_offsets),
+        buffer_size_(buffer_size), total_memory_(total_memory) {}
+
+    void Run(const ChainPosition &position) {
+      Run(position, false);
+    }
+
+    void Run(const ChainPosition &position, bool assert_one) {
+      // Special case: nothing to read.  
+      if (!in_offsets_->RemainingBlocks()) {
+        Link l(position);
+        l.Poison();
+        return;
+      }
+      // If there's just one entry, just read.
+      if (in_offsets_->RemainingBlocks() == 1) {
+        // Sequencing is important.
+        uint64_t offset = in_offsets_->TotalOffset();
+        uint64_t amount = in_offsets_->NextSize();
+        ReadSingle(offset, amount, position);
+        if (out_offsets_) out_offsets_->Append(amount);
+        return;
+      }
+
+      Stream str(position);
+      scoped_malloc buffer(MallocOrThrow(total_memory_));
+      uint8_t *const buffer_end = static_cast<uint8_t*>(buffer.get()) + total_memory_;
+
+      const std::size_t entry_size = position.GetChain().EntrySize();
+
+      while (in_offsets_->RemainingBlocks()) {
+        // Use bigger buffers if there's less remaining.
+        uint64_t per_buffer = static_cast<uint64_t>(std::max<std::size_t>(
+            buffer_size_,
+            static_cast<std::size_t>((static_cast<uint64_t>(total_memory_) / in_offsets_->RemainingBlocks()))));
+        per_buffer -= per_buffer % entry_size;
+        assert(per_buffer);
+
+        // Populate queue.
+        MergeQueue<Compare> queue(in_, per_buffer, entry_size, compare_);
+        for (uint8_t *buf = static_cast<uint8_t*>(buffer.get()); 
+            in_offsets_->RemainingBlocks() && (buf + std::min(per_buffer, in_offsets_->PeekSize()) <= buffer_end);) {
+          uint64_t offset = in_offsets_->TotalOffset();
+          uint64_t size = in_offsets_->NextSize();
+          queue.Push(buf, offset, size);
+          buf += static_cast<std::size_t>(std::min<uint64_t>(size, per_buffer));
+        }
+        // This shouldn't happen but it's probably better to die than loop indefinitely.
+        if (queue.Size() < 2 && in_offsets_->RemainingBlocks()) {
+          std::cerr << "Bug in sort implementation: not merging at least two stripes." << std::endl;
+          abort();
+        }
+        if (assert_one && in_offsets_->RemainingBlocks()) {
+          std::cerr << "Bug in sort implementation: should only be one merge group for lazy sort" << std::endl;
+          abort();
+        }
+
+        uint64_t written = 0;
+        // Merge including combiner support.  
+        memcpy(str.Get(), queue.Top(), entry_size);
+        for (queue.Pop(); !queue.Empty(); queue.Pop()) {
+          if (!combine_(str.Get(), queue.Top(), compare_)) {
+            ++written; ++str;
+            memcpy(str.Get(), queue.Top(), entry_size);
+          }
+        }
+        ++written; ++str;
+        if (out_offsets_)
+          out_offsets_->Append(written * entry_size);
+      }
+      str.Poison();
+    }
+
+  private: 
+    void ReadSingle(uint64_t offset, const uint64_t size, const ChainPosition &position) {
+      // Special case: only one to read.  
+      const uint64_t end = offset + size;
+      const uint64_t block_size = position.GetChain().BlockSize();
+      Link l(position);
+      for (; offset + block_size < end; ++l, offset += block_size) {
+        PReadOrThrow(in_, l->Get(), block_size, offset);
+        l->SetValidSize(block_size);
+      }
+      PReadOrThrow(in_, l->Get(), end - offset, offset);
+      l->SetValidSize(end - offset);
+      (++l).Poison();
+      return;
+    }
+   
+    Compare compare_;
+    Combine combine_;
+
+    int in_;
+
+  protected:
+    Offsets *in_offsets_;
+
+  private:
+    Offsets *out_offsets_;
+ 
+    std::size_t buffer_size_;
+    std::size_t total_memory_;
+};
+
+// The lazy step owns the remaining files.  This keeps track of them.  
+template <class Compare, class Combine> class OwningMergingReader : public MergingReader<Compare, Combine> {
+  private:
+    typedef MergingReader<Compare, Combine> P;
+  public:
+    OwningMergingReader(int data, const Offsets &offsets, std::size_t buffer, std::size_t lazy, const Compare &compare, const Combine &combine) 
+      : P(data, NULL, NULL, buffer, lazy, compare, combine),
+        data_(data),
+        offsets_(offsets) {}
+
+    void Run(const ChainPosition &position) {
+      P::in_offsets_ = &offsets_;
+      scoped_fd data(data_);
+      scoped_fd offsets_file(offsets_.File());
+      P::Run(position, true);
+    }
+
+  private:
+    int data_;
+    Offsets offsets_;
+};
+
+// Don't use this directly.  Worker that sorts blocks.   
+template <class Compare> class BlockSorter {
+  public:
+    BlockSorter(Offsets &offsets, const Compare &compare) :
+      offsets_(&offsets), compare_(compare) {}
+
+    void Run(const ChainPosition &position) {
+      const std::size_t entry_size = position.GetChain().EntrySize();
+      for (Link link(position); link; ++link) {
+        // Record the size of each block in a separate file.    
+        offsets_->Append(link->ValidSize());
+        void *end = static_cast<uint8_t*>(link->Get()) + link->ValidSize();
+#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(_WIN64)
+        std::stable_sort
+#else
+        std::sort
+#endif
+          (SizedIt(link->Get(), entry_size),
+           SizedIt(end, entry_size),
+           compare_);
+      }
+      offsets_->FinishedAppending();
+    }
+
+  private:
+    Offsets *offsets_;
+    SizedCompare<Compare> compare_;
+};
+
+class BadSortConfig : public Exception {
+  public:
+    BadSortConfig() throw() {}
+    ~BadSortConfig() throw() {}
+};
+
+template <class Compare, class Combine = NeverCombine> class Sort {
+  public:
+    Sort(Chain &in, const SortConfig &config, const Compare &compare = Compare(), const Combine &combine = Combine())
+      : config_(config),
+        data_(MakeTemp(config.temp_prefix)),
+        offsets_file_(MakeTemp(config.temp_prefix)), offsets_(offsets_file_.get()),
+        compare_(compare), combine_(combine),
+        entry_size_(in.EntrySize()) {
+      UTIL_THROW_IF(!entry_size_, BadSortConfig, "Sorting entries of size 0");
+      // Make buffer_size a multiple of the entry_size.  
+      config_.buffer_size -= config_.buffer_size % entry_size_;
+      UTIL_THROW_IF(!config_.buffer_size, BadSortConfig, "Sort buffer too small");
+      UTIL_THROW_IF(config_.total_memory < config_.buffer_size * 4, BadSortConfig, "Sorting memory " << config_.total_memory << " is too small for four buffers (two read and two write).");
+      in >> BlockSorter<Compare>(offsets_, compare_) >> WriteAndRecycle(data_.get());
+    }
+
+    uint64_t Size() const {
+      return SizeOrThrow(data_.get());
+    }
+
+    // Do merge sort, terminating when lazy merge could be done with the
+    // specified memory.  Return the minimum memory necessary to do lazy merge.
+    std::size_t Merge(std::size_t lazy_memory) {
+      if (offsets_.RemainingBlocks() <= 1) return 0;
+      const uint64_t lazy_arity = std::max<uint64_t>(1, lazy_memory / config_.buffer_size);
+      uint64_t size = Size();
+      /* No overflow because
+       * offsets_.RemainingBlocks() * config_.buffer_size <= lazy_memory ||
+       * size < lazy_memory
+       */
+      if (offsets_.RemainingBlocks() <= lazy_arity || size <= static_cast<uint64_t>(lazy_memory))
+        return std::min<std::size_t>(size, offsets_.RemainingBlocks() * config_.buffer_size);
+
+      scoped_fd data2(MakeTemp(config_.temp_prefix));
+      int fd_in = data_.get(), fd_out = data2.get();
+      scoped_fd offsets2_file(MakeTemp(config_.temp_prefix));
+      Offsets offsets2(offsets2_file.get());
+      Offsets *offsets_in = &offsets_, *offsets_out = &offsets2;
+
+      // Double buffered writing.  
+      ChainConfig chain_config;
+      chain_config.entry_size = entry_size_;
+      chain_config.block_count = 2;
+      chain_config.total_memory = config_.buffer_size * 2;
+      Chain chain(chain_config);
+
+      while (offsets_in->RemainingBlocks() > lazy_arity) {
+        if (size <= static_cast<uint64_t>(lazy_memory)) break;
+        std::size_t reading_memory = config_.total_memory - 2 * config_.buffer_size;
+        if (size < static_cast<uint64_t>(reading_memory)) {
+          reading_memory = static_cast<std::size_t>(size);
+        }
+        SeekOrThrow(fd_in, 0);
+        chain >>
+          MergingReader<Compare, Combine>(
+              fd_in,
+              offsets_in, offsets_out,
+              config_.buffer_size,
+              reading_memory,
+              compare_, combine_) >>
+          WriteAndRecycle(fd_out);
+        chain.Wait();
+        offsets_out->FinishedAppending();
+        ResizeOrThrow(fd_in, 0);
+        offsets_in->Reset();
+        std::swap(fd_in, fd_out);
+        std::swap(offsets_in, offsets_out);
+        size = SizeOrThrow(fd_in);
+      }
+
+      SeekOrThrow(fd_in, 0);
+      if (fd_in == data2.get()) {
+        data_.reset(data2.release());
+        offsets_file_.reset(offsets2_file.release());
+        offsets_ = offsets2;
+      }
+      if (offsets_.RemainingBlocks() <= 1) return 0;
+      // No overflow because the while loop exited.
+      return std::min(size, offsets_.RemainingBlocks() * static_cast<uint64_t>(config_.buffer_size));
+    }
+
+    // Output to chain, using this amount of memory, maximum, for lazy merge
+    // sort.  
+    void Output(Chain &out, std::size_t lazy_memory) {
+      Merge(lazy_memory);
+      out.SetProgressTarget(Size());
+      out >> OwningMergingReader<Compare, Combine>(data_.get(), offsets_, config_.buffer_size, lazy_memory, compare_, combine_);
+      data_.release();
+      offsets_file_.release();
+    }
+
+    /* If a pipeline step is reading sorted input and writing to a different
+     * sort order, then there's a trade-off between using RAM to read lazily
+     * (avoiding copying the file) and using RAM to increase block size and, 
+     * therefore, decrease the number of merge sort passes in the next
+     * iteration.  
+     * 
+     * Merge sort takes log_{arity}(pieces) passes.  Thus, each time the chain
+     * block size is multiplied by arity, the number of output passes decreases
+     * by one.  Up to a constant, then, log_{arity}(chain) is the number of
+     * passes saved.  Chain simply divides the memory evenly over all blocks.
+     * 
+     * Lazy sort saves this many passes (up to a constant)
+     *   log_{arity}((memory-lazy)/block_count) + 1
+     * Non-lazy sort saves this many passes (up to the same constant):
+     *   log_{arity}(memory/block_count)
+     * Add log_{arity}(block_count) to both:
+     *   log_{arity}(memory-lazy) + 1 versus log_{arity}(memory)
+     * Take arity to the power of both sizes (arity > 1)
+     *   (memory - lazy)*arity versus memory
+     * Solve for lazy
+     *   lazy = memory * (arity - 1) / arity
+     */
+    std::size_t DefaultLazy() {
+      float arity = static_cast<float>(config_.total_memory / config_.buffer_size);
+      return static_cast<std::size_t>(static_cast<float>(config_.total_memory) * (arity - 1.0) / arity);
+    }
+
+    // Same as Output with default lazy memory setting.
+    void Output(Chain &out) {
+      Output(out, DefaultLazy());
+    }
+
+    // Completely merge sort and transfer ownership to the caller.
+    int StealCompleted() {
+      // Merge all the way.
+      Merge(0);
+      SeekOrThrow(data_.get(), 0);
+      offsets_file_.reset();
+      return data_.release();
+    }
+
+  private:
+    SortConfig config_;
+
+    scoped_fd data_;
+
+    scoped_fd offsets_file_;
+    Offsets offsets_;
+
+    const Compare compare_;
+    const Combine combine_;
+    const std::size_t entry_size_;
+};
+
+// returns bytes to be read on demand.  
+template <class Compare, class Combine> uint64_t BlockingSort(Chain &chain, const SortConfig &config, const Compare &compare = Compare(), const Combine &combine = NeverCombine()) {
+  Sort<Compare, Combine> sorter(chain, config, compare, combine);
+  chain.Wait(true);
+  uint64_t size = sorter.Size();
+  sorter.Output(chain);
+  return size;
+}
+
+} // namespace stream
+} // namespace util
+
+#endif // UTIL_STREAM_SORT__
diff --git a/klm/util/stream/sort_test.cc b/klm/util/stream/sort_test.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fd7705cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/klm/util/stream/sort_test.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+#include "util/stream/sort.hh"
+
+#define BOOST_TEST_MODULE SortTest
+#include <boost/test/unit_test.hpp>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+namespace util { namespace stream { namespace {
+
+struct CompareUInt64 : public std::binary_function<const void *, const void *, bool> {
+  bool operator()(const void *first, const void *second) const {
+    return *static_cast<const uint64_t*>(first) < *reinterpret_cast<const uint64_t*>(second);
+  }
+};
+
+const uint64_t kSize = 100000;
+
+struct Putter {
+  Putter(std::vector<uint64_t> &shuffled) : shuffled_(shuffled) {}
+
+  void Run(const ChainPosition &position) {
+    Stream put_shuffled(position);
+    for (uint64_t i = 0; i < shuffled_.size(); ++i, ++put_shuffled) {
+      *static_cast<uint64_t*>(put_shuffled.Get()) = shuffled_[i];
+    }
+    put_shuffled.Poison();
+  }
+  std::vector<uint64_t> &shuffled_;
+};
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(FromShuffled) {
+  std::vector<uint64_t> shuffled;
+  shuffled.reserve(kSize);
+  for (uint64_t i = 0; i < kSize; ++i) {
+    shuffled.push_back(i);
+  }
+  std::random_shuffle(shuffled.begin(), shuffled.end());
+  
+  ChainConfig config;
+  config.entry_size = 8;
+  config.total_memory = 800;
+  config.block_count = 3;
+
+  SortConfig merge_config;
+  merge_config.temp_prefix = "sort_test_temp";
+  merge_config.buffer_size = 800;
+  merge_config.total_memory = 3300;
+
+  Chain chain(config);
+  chain >> Putter(shuffled);
+  BlockingSort(chain, merge_config, CompareUInt64(), NeverCombine());
+  Stream sorted;
+  chain >> sorted >> kRecycle;
+  for (uint64_t i = 0; i < kSize; ++i, ++sorted) {
+    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(i, *static_cast<const uint64_t*>(sorted.Get()));
+  }
+  BOOST_CHECK(!sorted);
+}
+
+}}} // namespaces
diff --git a/klm/util/stream/stream.hh b/klm/util/stream/stream.hh
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6ff45b82
--- /dev/null
+++ b/klm/util/stream/stream.hh
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+#ifndef UTIL_STREAM_STREAM__
+#define UTIL_STREAM_STREAM__
+
+#include "util/stream/chain.hh"
+
+#include <boost/noncopyable.hpp>
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+namespace util {
+namespace stream {
+
+class Stream : boost::noncopyable {
+  public:
+    Stream() : current_(NULL), end_(NULL) {}
+
+    void Init(const ChainPosition &position) {
+      entry_size_ = position.GetChain().EntrySize();
+      block_size_ = position.GetChain().BlockSize();
+      block_it_.Init(position);
+      StartBlock();
+    }
+
+    explicit Stream(const ChainPosition &position) {
+      Init(position);
+    }
+
+    operator bool() const { return current_ != NULL; }
+    bool operator!() const { return current_ == NULL; }
+
+    const void *Get() const { return current_; }
+    void *Get() { return current_; }
+
+    void Poison() {
+      block_it_->SetValidSize(current_ - static_cast<uint8_t*>(block_it_->Get()));
+      ++block_it_;
+      block_it_.Poison();
+    }
+    
+    Stream &operator++() {
+      assert(*this);
+      assert(current_ < end_);
+      current_ += entry_size_;
+      if (current_ == end_) {
+        ++block_it_;
+        StartBlock();
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+  private:
+    void StartBlock() {
+      for (; block_it_ && !block_it_->ValidSize(); ++block_it_) {}
+      current_ = static_cast<uint8_t*>(block_it_->Get());
+      end_ = current_ + block_it_->ValidSize();
+    }
+
+    uint8_t *current_, *end_;
+
+    std::size_t entry_size_;
+    std::size_t block_size_;
+
+    Link block_it_;
+};
+
+inline Chain &operator>>(Chain &chain, Stream &stream) {
+  stream.Init(chain.Add());
+  return chain;
+}
+
+} // namespace stream
+} // namespace util
+#endif // UTIL_STREAM_STREAM__
diff --git a/klm/util/stream/stream_test.cc b/klm/util/stream/stream_test.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6575d50d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/klm/util/stream/stream_test.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+#include "util/stream/io.hh"
+
+#include "util/stream/stream.hh"
+#include "util/file.hh"
+
+#define BOOST_TEST_MODULE StreamTest
+#include <boost/test/unit_test.hpp>
+
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+namespace util { namespace stream { namespace {
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(StreamTest) {
+  scoped_fd in(MakeTemp("io_test_temp"));
+  for (uint64_t i = 0; i < 100000; ++i) {
+    WriteOrThrow(in.get(), &i, sizeof(uint64_t));
+  }
+  SeekOrThrow(in.get(), 0);
+
+  ChainConfig config;
+  config.entry_size = 8;
+  config.total_memory = 100;
+  config.block_count = 12;
+
+  Stream s;
+  Chain chain(config);
+  chain >> Read(in.get()) >> s >> kRecycle;
+  uint64_t i = 0;
+  for (; s; ++s, ++i) {
+    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(i, *static_cast<const uint64_t*>(s.Get()));
+  }
+  BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(100000ULL, i);
+}
+
+}}} // namespaces
diff --git a/klm/util/stream/timer.hh b/klm/util/stream/timer.hh
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7e1a5885
--- /dev/null
+++ b/klm/util/stream/timer.hh
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+#ifndef UTIL_STREAM_TIMER__
+#define UTIL_STREAM_TIMER__
+
+// Sorry Jon, this was adding library dependencies in Moses and people complained.
+
+/*#include <boost/version.hpp>
+
+#if BOOST_VERSION >= 104800
+#include <boost/timer/timer.hpp>
+#define UTIL_TIMER(str) boost::timer::auto_cpu_timer timer(std::cerr, 1, (str))
+#else
+//#warning Using Boost older than 1.48. Timing information will not be available.*/
+#define UTIL_TIMER(str) 
+//#endif
+
+#endif // UTIL_STREAM_TIMER__