Move non-MaxEnt code out of utils

1. alignment.h, argument_reorder_model.h, src_sentence.h, tree.h,
   tsuruoka_maxent.h -> decoder/ff_const_reorder_common.h.

2. Trainers source files (argument_reorder_model.cc and
   constituent_reorder_model.cc) are moved to training/const_reorder.

3 files changed, 1444 insertions, 4 deletions

diff --git a/decoder/Makefile.am b/decoder/Makefile.am
index cc52ccd4..f791b3cc 100644
--- a/decoder/Makefile.am
+++ b/decoder/Makefile.am
@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ libcdec_a_SOURCES = \
   ff_basic.h \
   ff_bleu.h \
   ff_charset.h \
+  ff_const_reorder_common.h \
   ff_const_reorder.h \
   ff_context.h \
   ff_csplit.h \
diff --git a/decoder/ff_const_reorder.cc b/decoder/ff_const_reorder.cc
index 8da551c6..e4fb4725 100644
--- a/decoder/ff_const_reorder.cc
+++ b/decoder/ff_const_reorder.cc
@@ -4,11 +4,8 @@
 #include "stringlib.h"
 #include "hg.h"
 #include "sentence_metadata.h"
-#include "tree.h"
-#include "srl_sentence.h"
-#include "tsuruoka_maxent.h"
 #include "hash.h"
-#include "argument_reorder_model.h"
+#include "ff_const_reorder_common.h"
 
 #include <sstream>
 #include <string>
@@ -16,6 +13,7 @@
 #include <stdio.h>
 
 using namespace std;
+using namespace const_reorder;
 
 typedef HASH_MAP<std::string, vector<double> > MapClassifier;
 
diff --git a/decoder/ff_const_reorder_common.h b/decoder/ff_const_reorder_common.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7c111de3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/decoder/ff_const_reorder_common.h
@@ -0,0 +1,1441 @@
+#ifndef _FF_CONST_REORDER_COMMON_H
+#define _FF_CONST_REORDER_COMMON_H
+
+#include <string>
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <string>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "maxent.h"
+#include "stringlib.h"
+
+namespace const_reorder {
+
+struct STreeItem {
+  STreeItem(const char *pszTerm) {
+    m_pszTerm = new char[strlen(pszTerm) + 1];
+    strcpy(m_pszTerm, pszTerm);
+
+    m_ptParent = NULL;
+    m_iBegin = -1;
+    m_iEnd = -1;
+    m_iHeadChild = -1;
+    m_iHeadWord = -1;
+    m_iBrotherIndex = -1;
+  }
+  ~STreeItem() {
+    delete[] m_pszTerm;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < m_vecChildren.size(); i++) delete m_vecChildren[i];
+  }
+  int fnAppend(STreeItem *ptChild) {
+    m_vecChildren.push_back(ptChild);
+    ptChild->m_iBrotherIndex = m_vecChildren.size() - 1;
+    ptChild->m_ptParent = this;
+    return m_vecChildren.size() - 1;
+  }
+  int fnGetChildrenNum() { return m_vecChildren.size(); }
+
+  bool fnIsPreTerminal(void) {
+    int I;
+    if (this == NULL || m_vecChildren.size() == 0) return false;
+
+    for (I = 0; I < m_vecChildren.size(); I++)
+      if (m_vecChildren[I]->m_vecChildren.size() > 0) return false;
+
+    return true;
+  }
+
+ public:
+  char *m_pszTerm;
+
+  std::vector<STreeItem *> m_vecChildren;  // children items
+  STreeItem *m_ptParent;                   // the parent item
+
+  int m_iBegin;
+  int m_iEnd;           // the node span words[m_iBegin, m_iEnd]
+  int m_iHeadChild;     // the index of its head child
+  int m_iHeadWord;      // the index of its head word
+  int m_iBrotherIndex;  // the index in his brothers
+};
+
+struct SGetHeadWord {
+  typedef std::vector<std::string> CVectorStr;
+  SGetHeadWord() {}
+  ~SGetHeadWord() {}
+  int fnGetHeadWord(char *pszCFGLeft, CVectorStr vectRight) {
+    // 0 indicating from right to left while 1 indicating from left to right
+    char szaHeadLists[201] = "0";
+
+    /*  //head rules for Egnlish
+    if( strcmp( pszCFGLeft, "ADJP" ) == 0 )
+            strcpy( szaHeadLists, "0NNS 0QP 0NN 0$ 0ADVP 0JJ 0VBN 0VBG 0ADJP
+    0JJR 0NP 0JJS 0DT 0FW 0RBR 0RBS 0SBAR 0RB 0" );
+    else if( strcmp( pszCFGLeft, "ADVP" ) == 0 )
+            strcpy( szaHeadLists, "1RB 1RBR 1RBS 1FW 1ADVP 1TO 1CD 1JJR 1JJ 1IN
+    1NP 1JJS 1NN 1" );
+    else if( strcmp( pszCFGLeft, "CONJP" ) == 0 )
+            strcpy( szaHeadLists, "1CC 1RB 1IN 1" );
+    else if( strcmp( pszCFGLeft, "FRAG" ) == 0 )
+            strcpy( szaHeadLists, "1" );
+    else if( strcmp( pszCFGLeft, "INTJ" ) == 0 )
+            strcpy( szaHeadLists, "0" );
+    else if( strcmp( pszCFGLeft, "LST" ) == 0 )
+            strcpy( szaHeadLists, "1LS 1: 1CLN 1" );
+    else if( strcmp( pszCFGLeft, "NAC" ) == 0 )
+            strcpy( szaHeadLists, "0NN 0NNS 0NNP 0NNPS 0NP 0NAC 0EX 0$ 0CD 0QP
+    0PRP 0VBG 0JJ 0JJS 0JJR 0ADJP 0FW 0" );
+    else if( strcmp( pszCFGLeft, "PP" ) == 0 )
+            strcpy( szaHeadLists, "1IN 1TO 1VBG 1VBN 1RP 1FW 1" );
+    else if( strcmp( pszCFGLeft, "PRN" ) == 0 )
+            strcpy( szaHeadLists, "1" );
+    else if( strcmp( pszCFGLeft, "PRT" ) == 0 )
+            strcpy( szaHeadLists, "1RP 1" );
+    else if( strcmp( pszCFGLeft, "QP" ) == 0 )
+            strcpy( szaHeadLists, "0$ 0IN 0NNS 0NN 0JJ 0RB 0DT 0CD 0NCD 0QP 0JJR
+    0JJS 0" );
+    else if( strcmp( pszCFGLeft, "RRC" ) == 0 )
+            strcpy( szaHeadLists, "1VP 1NP 1ADVP 1ADJP 1PP 1" );
+    else if( strcmp( pszCFGLeft, "S" ) == 0 )
+            strcpy( szaHeadLists, "0TO 0IN 0VP 0S 0SBAR 0ADJP 0UCP 0NP 0" );
+    else if( strcmp( pszCFGLeft, "SBAR" ) == 0 )
+            strcpy( szaHeadLists, "0WHNP 0WHPP 0WHADVP 0WHADJP 0IN 0DT 0S 0SQ
+    0SINV 0SBAR 0FRAG 0" );
+    else if( strcmp( pszCFGLeft, "SBARQ" ) == 0 )
+            strcpy( szaHeadLists, "0SQ 0S 0SINV 0SBARQ 0FRAG 0" );
+    else if( strcmp( pszCFGLeft, "SINV" ) == 0 )
+            strcpy( szaHeadLists, "0VBZ 0VBD 0VBP 0VB 0MD 0VP 0S 0SINV 0ADJP 0NP
+    0" );
+    else if( strcmp( pszCFGLeft, "SQ" ) == 0 )
+            strcpy( szaHeadLists, "0VBZ 0VBD 0VBP 0VB 0MD 0VP 0SQ 0" );
+    else if( strcmp( pszCFGLeft, "UCP" ) == 0 )
+            strcpy( szaHeadLists, "1" );
+    else if( strcmp( pszCFGLeft, "VP" ) == 0 )
+            strcpy( szaHeadLists, "0TO 0VBD 0VBN 0MD 0VBZ 0VB 0VBG 0VBP 0VP
+    0ADJP 0NN 0NNS 0NP 0" );
+    else if( strcmp( pszCFGLeft, "WHADJP" ) == 0 )
+            strcpy( szaHeadLists, "0CC 0WRB 0JJ 0ADJP 0" );
+    else if( strcmp( pszCFGLeft, "WHADVP" ) == 0 )
+            strcpy( szaHeadLists, "1CC 1WRB 1" );
+    else if( strcmp( pszCFGLeft, "WHNP" ) == 0 )
+            strcpy( szaHeadLists, "0WDT 0WP 0WP$ 0WHADJP 0WHPP 0WHNP 0" );
+    else if( strcmp( pszCFGLeft, "WHPP" ) == 0 )
+            strcpy( szaHeadLists, "1IN 1TO FW 1" );
+    else if( strcmp( pszCFGLeft, "NP" ) == 0 )
+            strcpy( szaHeadLists, "0NN NNP NNS NNPS NX POS JJR 0NP 0$ ADJP PRN
+    0CD 0JJ JJS RB QP 0" );
+    */
+
+    if (strcmp(pszCFGLeft, "ADJP") == 0)
+      strcpy(szaHeadLists, "0ADJP JJ 0AD NN CS 0");
+    else if (strcmp(pszCFGLeft, "ADVP") == 0)
+      strcpy(szaHeadLists, "0ADVP AD 0");
+    else if (strcmp(pszCFGLeft, "CLP") == 0)
+      strcpy(szaHeadLists, "0CLP M 0");
+    else if (strcmp(pszCFGLeft, "CP") == 0)
+      strcpy(szaHeadLists, "0DEC SP 1ADVP CS 0CP IP 0");
+    else if (strcmp(pszCFGLeft, "DNP") == 0)
+      strcpy(szaHeadLists, "0DNP DEG 0DEC 0");
+    else if (strcmp(pszCFGLeft, "DVP") == 0)
+      strcpy(szaHeadLists, "0DVP DEV 0");
+    else if (strcmp(pszCFGLeft, "DP") == 0)
+      strcpy(szaHeadLists, "1DP DT 1");
+    else if (strcmp(pszCFGLeft, "FRAG") == 0)
+      strcpy(szaHeadLists, "0VV NR NN 0");
+    else if (strcmp(pszCFGLeft, "INTJ") == 0)
+      strcpy(szaHeadLists, "0INTJ IJ 0");
+    else if (strcmp(pszCFGLeft, "LST") == 0)
+      strcpy(szaHeadLists, "1LST CD OD 1");
+    else if (strcmp(pszCFGLeft, "IP") == 0)
+      strcpy(szaHeadLists, "0IP VP 0VV 0");
+    // strcpy( szaHeadLists, "0VP 0VV 1IP 0" );
+    else if (strcmp(pszCFGLeft, "LCP") == 0)
+      strcpy(szaHeadLists, "0LCP LC 0");
+    else if (strcmp(pszCFGLeft, "NP") == 0)
+      strcpy(szaHeadLists, "0NP NN NT NR QP 0");
+    else if (strcmp(pszCFGLeft, "PP") == 0)
+      strcpy(szaHeadLists, "1PP P 1");
+    else if (strcmp(pszCFGLeft, "PRN") == 0)
+      strcpy(szaHeadLists, "0 NP IP VP NT NR NN 0");
+    else if (strcmp(pszCFGLeft, "QP") == 0)
+      strcpy(szaHeadLists, "0QP CLP CD OD 0");
+    else if (strcmp(pszCFGLeft, "VP") == 0)
+      strcpy(szaHeadLists, "1VP VA VC VE VV BA LB VCD VSB VRD VNV VCP 1");
+    else if (strcmp(pszCFGLeft, "VCD") == 0)
+      strcpy(szaHeadLists, "0VCD VV VA VC VE 0");
+    if (strcmp(pszCFGLeft, "VRD") == 0)
+      strcpy(szaHeadLists, "0VRD VV VA VC VE 0");
+    else if (strcmp(pszCFGLeft, "VSB") == 0)
+      strcpy(szaHeadLists, "0VSB VV VA VC VE 0");
+    else if (strcmp(pszCFGLeft, "VCP") == 0)
+      strcpy(szaHeadLists, "0VCP VV VA VC VE 0");
+    else if (strcmp(pszCFGLeft, "VNV") == 0)
+      strcpy(szaHeadLists, "0VNV VV VA VC VE 0");
+    else if (strcmp(pszCFGLeft, "VPT") == 0)
+      strcpy(szaHeadLists, "0VNV VV VA VC VE 0");
+    else if (strcmp(pszCFGLeft, "UCP") == 0)
+      strcpy(szaHeadLists, "0");
+    else if (strcmp(pszCFGLeft, "WHNP") == 0)
+      strcpy(szaHeadLists, "0WHNP NP NN NT NR QP 0");
+    else if (strcmp(pszCFGLeft, "WHPP") == 0)
+      strcpy(szaHeadLists, "1WHPP PP P 1");
+
+    /*  //head rules for GENIA corpus
+    if( strcmp( pszCFGLeft, "ADJP" ) == 0 )
+            strcpy( szaHeadLists, "0NNS 0QP 0NN 0$ 0ADVP 0JJ 0VBN 0VBG 0ADJP
+    0JJR 0NP 0JJS 0DT 0FW 0RBR 0RBS 0SBAR 0RB 0" );
+    else if( strcmp( pszCFGLeft, "ADVP" ) == 0 )
+            strcpy( szaHeadLists, "1RB 1RBR 1RBS 1FW 1ADVP 1TO 1CD 1JJR 1JJ 1IN
+    1NP 1JJS 1NN 1" );
+    else if( strcmp( pszCFGLeft, "CONJP" ) == 0 )
+            strcpy( szaHeadLists, "1CC 1RB 1IN 1" );
+    else if( strcmp( pszCFGLeft, "FRAG" ) == 0 )
+            strcpy( szaHeadLists, "1" );
+    else if( strcmp( pszCFGLeft, "INTJ" ) == 0 )
+            strcpy( szaHeadLists, "0" );
+    else if( strcmp( pszCFGLeft, "LST" ) == 0 )
+            strcpy( szaHeadLists, "1LS 1: 1CLN 1" );
+    else if( strcmp( pszCFGLeft, "NAC" ) == 0 )
+            strcpy( szaHeadLists, "0NN 0NNS 0NNP 0NNPS 0NP 0NAC 0EX 0$ 0CD 0QP
+    0PRP 0VBG 0JJ 0JJS 0JJR 0ADJP 0FW 0" );
+    else if( strcmp( pszCFGLeft, "PP" ) == 0 )
+            strcpy( szaHeadLists, "1IN 1TO 1VBG 1VBN 1RP 1FW 1" );
+    else if( strcmp( pszCFGLeft, "PRN" ) == 0 )
+            strcpy( szaHeadLists, "1" );
+    else if( strcmp( pszCFGLeft, "PRT" ) == 0 )
+            strcpy( szaHeadLists, "1RP 1" );
+    else if( strcmp( pszCFGLeft, "QP" ) == 0 )
+            strcpy( szaHeadLists, "0$ 0IN 0NNS 0NN 0JJ 0RB 0DT 0CD 0NCD 0QP 0JJR
+    0JJS 0" );
+    else if( strcmp( pszCFGLeft, "RRC" ) == 0 )
+            strcpy( szaHeadLists, "1VP 1NP 1ADVP 1ADJP 1PP 1" );
+    else if( strcmp( pszCFGLeft, "S" ) == 0 )
+            strcpy( szaHeadLists, "0TO 0IN 0VP 0S 0SBAR 0ADJP 0UCP 0NP 0" );
+    else if( strcmp( pszCFGLeft, "SBAR" ) == 0 )
+            strcpy( szaHeadLists, "0WHNP 0WHPP 0WHADVP 0WHADJP 0IN 0DT 0S 0SQ
+    0SINV 0SBAR 0FRAG 0" );
+    else if( strcmp( pszCFGLeft, "SBARQ" ) == 0 )
+            strcpy( szaHeadLists, "0SQ 0S 0SINV 0SBARQ 0FRAG 0" );
+    else if( strcmp( pszCFGLeft, "SINV" ) == 0 )
+            strcpy( szaHeadLists, "0VBZ 0VBD 0VBP 0VB 0MD 0VP 0S 0SINV 0ADJP 0NP
+    0" );
+    else if( strcmp( pszCFGLeft, "SQ" ) == 0 )
+            strcpy( szaHeadLists, "0VBZ 0VBD 0VBP 0VB 0MD 0VP 0SQ 0" );
+    else if( strcmp( pszCFGLeft, "UCP" ) == 0 )
+            strcpy( szaHeadLists, "1" );
+    else if( strcmp( pszCFGLeft, "VP" ) == 0 )
+            strcpy( szaHeadLists, "0TO 0VBD 0VBN 0MD 0VBZ 0VB 0VBG 0VBP 0VP
+    0ADJP 0NN 0NNS 0NP 0" );
+    else if( strcmp( pszCFGLeft, "WHADJP" ) == 0 )
+            strcpy( szaHeadLists, "0CC 0WRB 0JJ 0ADJP 0" );
+    else if( strcmp( pszCFGLeft, "WHADVP" ) == 0 )
+            strcpy( szaHeadLists, "1CC 1WRB 1" );
+    else if( strcmp( pszCFGLeft, "WHNP" ) == 0 )
+            strcpy( szaHeadLists, "0WDT 0WP 0WP$ 0WHADJP 0WHPP 0WHNP 0" );
+    else if( strcmp( pszCFGLeft, "WHPP" ) == 0 )
+            strcpy( szaHeadLists, "1IN 1TO FW 1" );
+    else if( strcmp( pszCFGLeft, "NP" ) == 0 )
+            strcpy( szaHeadLists, "0NN NNP NNS NNPS NX POS JJR 0NP 0$ ADJP PRN
+    0CD 0JJ JJS RB QP 0" );
+    */
+
+    return fnMyOwnHeadWordRule(szaHeadLists, vectRight);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  int fnMyOwnHeadWordRule(char *pszaHeadLists, CVectorStr vectRight) {
+    char szHeadList[201], *p;
+    char szTerm[101];
+    int J;
+
+    p = pszaHeadLists;
+
+    int iCountRight;
+
+    iCountRight = vectRight.size();
+
+    szHeadList[0] = '\0';
+    while (1) {
+      szTerm[0] = '\0';
+      sscanf(p, "%s", szTerm);
+      if (strlen(szHeadList) == 0) {
+        if (strcmp(szTerm, "0") == 0) {
+          return iCountRight - 1;
+        }
+        if (strcmp(szTerm, "1") == 0) {
+          return 0;
+        }
+
+        sprintf(szHeadList, "%c %s ", szTerm[0], szTerm + 1);
+        p = strstr(p, szTerm);
+        p += strlen(szTerm);
+      } else {
+        if ((szTerm[0] == '0') || (szTerm[0] == '1')) {
+          if (szHeadList[0] == '0') {
+            for (J = iCountRight - 1; J >= 0; J--) {
+              sprintf(szTerm, " %s ", vectRight.at(J).c_str());
+              if (strstr(szHeadList, szTerm) != NULL) return J;
+            }
+          } else {
+            for (J = 0; J < iCountRight; J++) {
+              sprintf(szTerm, " %s ", vectRight.at(J).c_str());
+              if (strstr(szHeadList, szTerm) != NULL) return J;
+            }
+          }
+
+          szHeadList[0] = '\0';
+        } else {
+          strcat(szHeadList, szTerm);
+          strcat(szHeadList, " ");
+
+          p = strstr(p, szTerm);
+          p += strlen(szTerm);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+  }
+};
+
+struct SParsedTree {
+  SParsedTree() { m_ptRoot = NULL; }
+  ~SParsedTree() {
+    if (m_ptRoot != NULL) delete m_ptRoot;
+  }
+  static SParsedTree *fnConvertFromString(const char *pszStr) {
+    if (strcmp(pszStr, "(())") == 0) return NULL;
+    SParsedTree *pTree = new SParsedTree();
+
+    std::vector<std::string> vecSyn;
+    fnReadSyntactic(pszStr, vecSyn);
+
+    int iLeft = 1, iRight = 1;  //# left/right parenthesis
+
+    STreeItem *pcurrent;
+
+    pTree->m_ptRoot = new STreeItem(vecSyn[1].c_str());
+
+    pcurrent = pTree->m_ptRoot;
+
+    for (size_t i = 2; i < vecSyn.size() - 1; i++) {
+      if (strcmp(vecSyn[i].c_str(), "(") == 0)
+        iLeft++;
+      else if (strcmp(vecSyn[i].c_str(), ")") == 0) {
+        iRight++;
+        if (pcurrent == NULL) {
+          // error
+          fprintf(stderr, "ERROR in ConvertFromString\n");
+          fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", pszStr);
+          return NULL;
+        }
+        pcurrent = pcurrent->m_ptParent;
+      } else {
+        STreeItem *ptNewItem = new STreeItem(vecSyn[i].c_str());
+        pcurrent->fnAppend(ptNewItem);
+        pcurrent = ptNewItem;
+
+        if (strcmp(vecSyn[i - 1].c_str(), "(") != 0 &&
+            strcmp(vecSyn[i - 1].c_str(), ")") != 0) {
+          pTree->m_vecTerminals.push_back(ptNewItem);
+          pcurrent = pcurrent->m_ptParent;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (iLeft != iRight) {
+      // error
+      fprintf(stderr, "the left and right parentheses are not matched!");
+      fprintf(stderr, "ERROR in ConvertFromString\n");
+      fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", pszStr);
+      return NULL;
+    }
+
+    return pTree;
+  }
+
+  int fnGetNumWord() { return m_vecTerminals.size(); }
+
+  void fnSetSpanInfo() {
+    int iNextNum = 0;
+    fnSuffixTraverseSetSpanInfo(m_ptRoot, iNextNum);
+  }
+
+  void fnSetHeadWord() {
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < m_vecTerminals.size(); i++)
+      m_vecTerminals[i]->m_iHeadWord = i;
+    SGetHeadWord *pGetHeadWord = new SGetHeadWord();
+    fnSuffixTraverseSetHeadWord(m_ptRoot, pGetHeadWord);
+    delete pGetHeadWord;
+  }
+
+  STreeItem *fnFindNodeForSpan(int iLeft, int iRight, bool bLowest) {
+    STreeItem *pTreeItem = m_vecTerminals[iLeft];
+
+    while (pTreeItem->m_iEnd < iRight) {
+      pTreeItem = pTreeItem->m_ptParent;
+      if (pTreeItem == NULL) break;
+    }
+    if (pTreeItem == NULL) return NULL;
+    if (pTreeItem->m_iEnd > iRight) return NULL;
+
+    assert(pTreeItem->m_iEnd == iRight);
+    if (bLowest) return pTreeItem;
+
+    while (pTreeItem->m_ptParent != NULL &&
+           pTreeItem->m_ptParent->fnGetChildrenNum() == 1)
+      pTreeItem = pTreeItem->m_ptParent;
+
+    return pTreeItem;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  void fnSuffixTraverseSetSpanInfo(STreeItem *ptItem, int &iNextNum) {
+    int I;
+    int iNumChildren = ptItem->fnGetChildrenNum();
+    for (I = 0; I < iNumChildren; I++)
+      fnSuffixTraverseSetSpanInfo(ptItem->m_vecChildren[I], iNextNum);
+
+    if (I == 0) {
+      ptItem->m_iBegin = iNextNum;
+      ptItem->m_iEnd = iNextNum++;
+    } else {
+      ptItem->m_iBegin = ptItem->m_vecChildren[0]->m_iBegin;
+      ptItem->m_iEnd = ptItem->m_vecChildren[I - 1]->m_iEnd;
+    }
+  }
+
+  void fnSuffixTraverseSetHeadWord(STreeItem *ptItem,
+                                   SGetHeadWord *pGetHeadWord) {
+    int I, iHeadchild;
+
+    if (ptItem->m_vecChildren.size() == 0) return;
+
+    for (I = 0; I < ptItem->m_vecChildren.size(); I++)
+      fnSuffixTraverseSetHeadWord(ptItem->m_vecChildren[I], pGetHeadWord);
+
+    std::vector<std::string> vecRight;
+
+    if (ptItem->m_vecChildren.size() == 1)
+      iHeadchild = 0;
+    else {
+      for (I = 0; I < ptItem->m_vecChildren.size(); I++)
+        vecRight.push_back(std::string(ptItem->m_vecChildren[I]->m_pszTerm));
+
+      iHeadchild = pGetHeadWord->fnGetHeadWord(ptItem->m_pszTerm, vecRight);
+    }
+
+    ptItem->m_iHeadChild = iHeadchild;
+    ptItem->m_iHeadWord = ptItem->m_vecChildren[iHeadchild]->m_iHeadWord;
+  }
+
+  static void fnReadSyntactic(const char *pszSyn,
+                              std::vector<std::string> &vec) {
+    char *p;
+    int I;
+
+    int iLeftNum, iRightNum;
+    char *pszTmp, *pszTerm;
+    pszTmp = new char[strlen(pszSyn)];
+    pszTerm = new char[strlen(pszSyn)];
+    pszTmp[0] = pszTerm[0] = '\0';
+
+    vec.clear();
+
+    char *pszLine;
+    pszLine = new char[strlen(pszSyn) + 1];
+    strcpy(pszLine, pszSyn);
+
+    char *pszLine2;
+
+    while (1) {
+      while ((strlen(pszLine) > 0) && (pszLine[strlen(pszLine) - 1] > 0) &&
+             (pszLine[strlen(pszLine) - 1] <= ' '))
+        pszLine[strlen(pszLine) - 1] = '\0';
+
+      if (strlen(pszLine) == 0) break;
+
+      // printf( "%s\n", pszLine );
+      pszLine2 = pszLine;
+      while (pszLine2[0] <= ' ') pszLine2++;
+      if (pszLine2[0] == '<') continue;
+
+      sscanf(pszLine2 + 1, "%s", pszTmp);
+
+      if (pszLine2[0] == '(') {
+        iLeftNum = 0;
+        iRightNum = 0;
+      }
+
+      p = pszLine2;
+      while (1) {
+        pszTerm[0] = '\0';
+        sscanf(p, "%s", pszTerm);
+
+        if (strlen(pszTerm) == 0) break;
+        p = strstr(p, pszTerm);
+        p += strlen(pszTerm);
+
+        if ((pszTerm[0] == '(') || (pszTerm[strlen(pszTerm) - 1] == ')')) {
+          if (pszTerm[0] == '(') {
+            vec.push_back(std::string("("));
+            iLeftNum++;
+
+            I = 1;
+            while (pszTerm[I] == '(' && pszTerm[I] != '\0') {
+              vec.push_back(std::string("("));
+              iLeftNum++;
+
+              I++;
+            }
+
+            if (strlen(pszTerm) > 1) vec.push_back(std::string(pszTerm + I));
+          } else {
+            char *pTmp;
+            pTmp = pszTerm + strlen(pszTerm) - 1;
+            while ((pTmp[0] == ')') && (pTmp >= pszTerm)) pTmp--;
+            pTmp[1] = '\0';
+
+            if (strlen(pszTerm) > 0) vec.push_back(std::string(pszTerm));
+            pTmp += 2;
+
+            for (I = 0; I <= (int)strlen(pTmp); I++) {
+              vec.push_back(std::string(")"));
+              iRightNum++;
+            }
+          }
+        } else {
+          char *q;
+          q = strchr(pszTerm, ')');
+          if (q != NULL) {
+            q[0] = '\0';
+            if (pszTerm[0] != '\0') vec.push_back(std::string(pszTerm));
+            vec.push_back(std::string(")"));
+            iRightNum++;
+
+            q++;
+            while (q[0] == ')') {
+              vec.push_back(std::string(")"));
+              q++;
+              iRightNum++;
+            }
+
+            while (q[0] == '(') {
+              vec.push_back(std::string("("));
+              q++;
+              iLeftNum++;
+            }
+
+            if (q[0] != '\0') vec.push_back(std::string(q));
+          } else
+            vec.push_back(std::string(pszTerm));
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (iLeftNum != iRightNum) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", pszSyn);
+        assert(iLeftNum == iRightNum);
+      }
+      /*if ( iLeftNum != iRightNum ) {
+              printf( "ERROR: left( and right ) is not matched, %d ( and %d
+      )\n", iLeftNum, iRightNum );
+              return;
+      }*/
+
+      if (vec.size() >= 2 && strcmp(vec[1].c_str(), "(") == 0) {
+        //( (IP..) )
+        std::vector<std::string>::iterator it;
+        it = vec.begin();
+        it++;
+        vec.insert(it, std::string("ROOT"));
+      }
+
+      break;
+    }
+
+    delete[] pszLine;
+    delete[] pszTmp;
+    delete[] pszTerm;
+  }
+
+ public:
+  STreeItem *m_ptRoot;
+  std::vector<STreeItem *> m_vecTerminals;  // the leaf nodes
+};
+
+struct SParseReader {
+  SParseReader(const char *pszParse_Fname, bool bFlattened = false)
+      : m_bFlattened(bFlattened) {
+    m_fpIn = fopen(pszParse_Fname, "r");
+    assert(m_fpIn != NULL);
+  }
+  ~SParseReader() {
+    if (m_fpIn != NULL) fclose(m_fpIn);
+  }
+
+  SParsedTree *fnReadNextParseTree() {
+    SParsedTree *pTree = NULL;
+    char *pszLine = new char[100001];
+    int iLen;
+
+    while (fnReadNextSentence(pszLine, &iLen) == true) {
+      if (iLen == 0) continue;
+
+      pTree = SParsedTree::fnConvertFromString(pszLine);
+      if (pTree == NULL) break;
+      if (m_bFlattened)
+        fnPostProcessingFlattenedParse(pTree);
+      else {
+        pTree->fnSetSpanInfo();
+        pTree->fnSetHeadWord();
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+
+    delete[] pszLine;
+    return pTree;
+  }
+
+  SParsedTree *fnReadNextParseTreeWithProb(double *pProb) {
+    SParsedTree *pTree = NULL;
+    char *pszLine = new char[100001];
+    int iLen;
+
+    while (fnReadNextSentence(pszLine, &iLen) == true) {
+      if (iLen == 0) continue;
+
+      char *p = strchr(pszLine, ' ');
+      assert(p != NULL);
+      p[0] = '\0';
+      p++;
+      if (pProb) (*pProb) = atof(pszLine);
+
+      pTree = SParsedTree::fnConvertFromString(p);
+      if (m_bFlattened)
+        fnPostProcessingFlattenedParse(pTree);
+      else {
+        pTree->fnSetSpanInfo();
+        pTree->fnSetHeadWord();
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+
+    delete[] pszLine;
+    return pTree;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  /*
+   * since to the parse tree is a flattened tree, use the head mark to identify
+   * head info.
+   * the head node will be marked as "*XP*"
+   */
+  void fnSetParseTreeHeadInfo(SParsedTree *pTree) {
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < pTree->m_vecTerminals.size(); i++)
+      pTree->m_vecTerminals[i]->m_iHeadWord = i;
+    fnSuffixTraverseSetHeadWord(pTree->m_ptRoot);
+  }
+
+  void fnSuffixTraverseSetHeadWord(STreeItem *pTreeItem) {
+    if (pTreeItem->m_vecChildren.size() == 0) return;
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < pTreeItem->m_vecChildren.size(); i++)
+      fnSuffixTraverseSetHeadWord(pTreeItem->m_vecChildren[i]);
+
+    std::vector<std::string> vecRight;
+
+    int iHeadchild;
+
+    if (pTreeItem->fnIsPreTerminal()) {
+      iHeadchild = 0;
+    } else {
+      size_t i;
+      for (i = 0; i < pTreeItem->m_vecChildren.size(); i++) {
+        char *p = pTreeItem->m_vecChildren[i]->m_pszTerm;
+        if (p[0] == '*' && p[strlen(p) - 1] == '*') {
+          iHeadchild = i;
+          p[strlen(p) - 1] = '\0';
+          std::string str = p + 1;
+          strcpy(p, str.c_str());  // erase the "*..*"
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+      assert(i < pTreeItem->m_vecChildren.size());
+    }
+
+    pTreeItem->m_iHeadChild = iHeadchild;
+    pTreeItem->m_iHeadWord = pTreeItem->m_vecChildren[iHeadchild]->m_iHeadWord;
+  }
+  void fnPostProcessingFlattenedParse(SParsedTree *pTree) {
+    pTree->fnSetSpanInfo();
+    fnSetParseTreeHeadInfo(pTree);
+  }
+  bool fnReadNextSentence(char *pszLine, int *piLength) {
+    if (feof(m_fpIn) == true) return false;
+
+    int iLen;
+
+    pszLine[0] = '\0';
+
+    fgets(pszLine, 10001, m_fpIn);
+    iLen = strlen(pszLine);
+    while (iLen > 0 && pszLine[iLen - 1] > 0 && pszLine[iLen - 1] < 33) {
+      pszLine[iLen - 1] = '\0';
+      iLen--;
+    }
+
+    if (piLength != NULL) (*piLength) = iLen;
+
+    return true;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  FILE *m_fpIn;
+  const bool m_bFlattened;
+};
+
+/*
+ * Note:
+ *      m_vec_s_align.size() may not be equal to the length of source side
+ *sentence
+ *                           due to the last words may not be aligned
+ *
+ */
+struct SAlignment {
+  typedef std::vector<int> SingleAlign;
+  SAlignment(const char* pszAlign) { fnInitializeAlignment(pszAlign); }
+  ~SAlignment() {}
+
+  bool fnIsAligned(int i, bool s) const {
+    const std::vector<SingleAlign>* palign;
+    if (s == true)
+      palign = &m_vec_s_align;
+    else
+      palign = &m_vec_t_align;
+    if ((*palign)[i].size() == 0) return false;
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  /*
+   * return true if [b, e] is aligned phrases on source side (if s==true) or on
+   * the target side (if s==false);
+   * return false, otherwise.
+   */
+  bool fnIsAlignedPhrase(int b, int e, bool s, int* pob, int* poe) const {
+    int ob, oe;  //[b, e] on the other side
+    if (s == true)
+      fnGetLeftRightMost(b, e, m_vec_s_align, ob, oe);
+    else
+      fnGetLeftRightMost(b, e, m_vec_t_align, ob, oe);
+
+    if (ob == -1) {
+      if (pob != NULL) (*pob) = -1;
+      if (poe != NULL) (*poe) = -1;
+      return false;  // no aligned word among [b, e]
+    }
+    if (pob != NULL) (*pob) = ob;
+    if (poe != NULL) (*poe) = oe;
+
+    int bb, be;  //[b, e] back given [ob, oe] on the other side
+    if (s == true)
+      fnGetLeftRightMost(ob, oe, m_vec_t_align, bb, be);
+    else
+      fnGetLeftRightMost(ob, oe, m_vec_s_align, bb, be);
+
+    if (bb < b || be > e) return false;
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  bool fnIsAlignedTightPhrase(int b, int e, bool s, int* pob, int* poe) const {
+    const std::vector<SingleAlign>* palign;
+    if (s == true)
+      palign = &m_vec_s_align;
+    else
+      palign = &m_vec_t_align;
+
+    if ((*palign).size() <= e || (*palign)[b].size() == 0 ||
+        (*palign)[e].size() == 0)
+      return false;
+
+    return fnIsAlignedPhrase(b, e, s, pob, poe);
+  }
+
+  void fnGetLeftRightMost(int b, int e, bool s, int& ob, int& oe) const {
+    if (s == true)
+      fnGetLeftRightMost(b, e, m_vec_s_align, ob, oe);
+    else
+      fnGetLeftRightMost(b, e, m_vec_t_align, ob, oe);
+  }
+
+  /*
+   * look the translation of source[b, e] is continuous or not
+   * 1) return "Unaligned": if the source[b, e] is translated silently;
+   * 2) return "Con't": if none of target words in target[.., ..] is exclusively
+   * aligned to any word outside source[b, e]
+   * 3) return "Discon't": otherwise;
+   */
+  std::string fnIsContinuous(int b, int e) const {
+    int ob, oe;
+    fnGetLeftRightMost(b, e, true, ob, oe);
+    if (ob == -1) return "Unaligned";
+
+    for (int i = ob; i <= oe; i++) {
+      if (!fnIsAligned(i, false)) continue;
+      const SingleAlign& a = m_vec_t_align[i];
+      int j;
+      for (j = 0; j < a.size(); j++)
+        if (a[j] >= b && a[j] <= e) break;
+      if (j == a.size()) return "Discon't";
+    }
+    return "Con't";
+  }
+
+  const SingleAlign* fnGetSingleWordAlign(int i, bool s) const {
+    if (s == true) {
+      if (i >= m_vec_s_align.size()) return NULL;
+      return &(m_vec_s_align[i]);
+    } else {
+      if (i >= m_vec_t_align.size()) return NULL;
+      return &(m_vec_t_align[i]);
+    }
+  }
+
+ private:
+  void fnGetLeftRightMost(int b, int e, const std::vector<SingleAlign>& align,
+                          int& ob, int& oe) const {
+    ob = oe = -1;
+    for (int i = b; i <= e && i < align.size(); i++) {
+      if (align[i].size() > 0) {
+        if (align[i][0] < ob || ob == -1) ob = align[i][0];
+        if (oe < align[i][align[i].size() - 1])
+          oe = align[i][align[i].size() - 1];
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  void fnInitializeAlignment(const char* pszAlign) {
+    m_vec_s_align.clear();
+    m_vec_t_align.clear();
+
+    std::vector<std::string> terms = SplitOnWhitespace(std::string(pszAlign));
+    int si, ti;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < terms.size(); i++) {
+      sscanf(terms[i].c_str(), "%d-%d", &si, &ti);
+
+      while (m_vec_s_align.size() <= si) {
+        SingleAlign sa;
+        m_vec_s_align.push_back(sa);
+      }
+      while (m_vec_t_align.size() <= ti) {
+        SingleAlign sa;
+        m_vec_t_align.push_back(sa);
+      }
+
+      m_vec_s_align[si].push_back(ti);
+      m_vec_t_align[ti].push_back(si);
+    }
+
+    // sort
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < m_vec_s_align.size(); i++) {
+      std::sort(m_vec_s_align[i].begin(), m_vec_s_align[i].end());
+    }
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < m_vec_t_align.size(); i++) {
+      std::sort(m_vec_t_align[i].begin(), m_vec_t_align[i].end());
+    }
+  }
+
+ private:
+  std::vector<SingleAlign> m_vec_s_align;  // source side words' alignment
+  std::vector<SingleAlign> m_vec_t_align;  // target side words' alignment
+};
+
+struct SAlignmentReader {
+  SAlignmentReader(const char* pszFname) {
+    m_fpIn = fopen(pszFname, "r");
+    assert(m_fpIn != NULL);
+  }
+  ~SAlignmentReader() {
+    if (m_fpIn != NULL) fclose(m_fpIn);
+  }
+  SAlignment* fnReadNextAlignment() {
+    if (feof(m_fpIn) == true) return NULL;
+    char* pszLine = new char[100001];
+    pszLine[0] = '\0';
+    fgets(pszLine, 10001, m_fpIn);
+    int iLen = strlen(pszLine);
+    if (iLen == 0) return NULL;
+    while (iLen > 0 && pszLine[iLen - 1] > 0 && pszLine[iLen - 1] < 33) {
+      pszLine[iLen - 1] = '\0';
+      iLen--;
+    }
+    SAlignment* pAlign = new SAlignment(pszLine);
+    delete[] pszLine;
+    return pAlign;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  FILE* m_fpIn;
+};
+
+struct SArgument {
+  SArgument(const char* pszRole, int iBegin, int iEnd, float fProb) {
+    m_pszRole = new char[strlen(pszRole) + 1];
+    strcpy(m_pszRole, pszRole);
+    m_iBegin = iBegin;
+    m_iEnd = iEnd;
+    m_fProb = fProb;
+    m_pTreeItem = NULL;
+  }
+  ~SArgument() { delete[] m_pszRole; }
+
+  void fnSetTreeItem(STreeItem* pTreeItem) {
+    m_pTreeItem = pTreeItem;
+    if (m_pTreeItem != NULL && m_pTreeItem->m_iBegin != -1) {
+      assert(m_pTreeItem->m_iBegin == m_iBegin);
+      assert(m_pTreeItem->m_iEnd == m_iEnd);
+    }
+  }
+
+  char* m_pszRole;  // argument rule, e.g., ARG0, ARGM-TMP
+  int m_iBegin;
+  int m_iEnd;     // the span of the argument, [m_iBegin, m_iEnd]
+  float m_fProb;  // the probability of this role,
+  STreeItem* m_pTreeItem;
+};
+
+struct SPredicate {
+  SPredicate(const char* pszLemma, int iPosition) {
+    if (pszLemma != NULL) {
+      m_pszLemma = new char[strlen(pszLemma) + 1];
+      strcpy(m_pszLemma, pszLemma);
+    } else
+      m_pszLemma = NULL;
+    m_iPosition = iPosition;
+  }
+  ~SPredicate() {
+    if (m_pszLemma != NULL) delete[] m_pszLemma;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < m_vecArgt.size(); i++) delete m_vecArgt[i];
+  }
+  int fnAppend(const char* pszRole, int iBegin, int iEnd) {
+    SArgument* pArgt = new SArgument(pszRole, iBegin, iEnd, 1.0);
+    return fnAppend(pArgt);
+  }
+  int fnAppend(SArgument* pArgt) {
+    m_vecArgt.push_back(pArgt);
+    int iPosition = m_vecArgt.size() - 1;
+    return iPosition;
+  }
+
+  char* m_pszLemma;  // lemma of the predicate, for Chinese, it's always as same
+                     // as the predicate itself
+  int m_iPosition;   // the position in sentence
+  std::vector<SArgument*> m_vecArgt;  // arguments associated to the predicate
+};
+
+struct SSrlSentence {
+  SSrlSentence() { m_pTree = NULL; }
+  ~SSrlSentence() {
+    if (m_pTree != NULL) delete m_pTree;
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < m_vecPred.size(); i++) delete m_vecPred[i];
+  }
+  int fnAppend(const char* pszLemma, int iPosition) {
+    SPredicate* pPred = new SPredicate(pszLemma, iPosition);
+    return fnAppend(pPred);
+  }
+  int fnAppend(SPredicate* pPred) {
+    m_vecPred.push_back(pPred);
+    int iPosition = m_vecPred.size() - 1;
+    return iPosition;
+  }
+  int GetPredicateNum() { return m_vecPred.size(); }
+
+  SParsedTree* m_pTree;
+  std::vector<SPredicate*> m_vecPred;
+};
+
+struct SSrlSentenceReader {
+  SSrlSentenceReader(const char* pszSrlFname) {
+    m_fpIn = fopen(pszSrlFname, "r");
+    assert(m_fpIn != NULL);
+  }
+  ~SSrlSentenceReader() {
+    if (m_fpIn != NULL) fclose(m_fpIn);
+  }
+
+  inline void fnReplaceAll(std::string& str, const std::string& from,
+                           const std::string& to) {
+    size_t start_pos = 0;
+    while ((start_pos = str.find(from, start_pos)) != std::string::npos) {
+      str.replace(start_pos, from.length(), to);
+      start_pos += to.length();  // In case 'to' contains 'from', like replacing
+                                 // 'x' with 'yx'
+    }
+  }
+
+  // TODO: here only considers flat predicate-argument structure
+  //      i.e., no overlap among them
+  SSrlSentence* fnReadNextSrlSentence() {
+    std::vector<std::vector<std::string> > vecContent;
+    if (fnReadNextContent(vecContent) == false) return NULL;
+
+    SSrlSentence* pSrlSentence = new SSrlSentence();
+    int iSize = vecContent.size();
+    // put together syntactic text
+    std::ostringstream ostr;
+    for (int i = 0; i < iSize; i++) {
+      std::string strSynSeg =
+          vecContent[i][5];  // the 5th column is the syntactic segment
+      size_t iPosition = strSynSeg.find_first_of('*');
+      assert(iPosition != std::string::npos);
+      std::ostringstream ostrTmp;
+      ostrTmp << "(" << vecContent[i][2] << " " << vecContent[i][0]
+              << ")";  // the 2th column is POS-tag, and the 0th column is word
+      strSynSeg.replace(iPosition, 1, ostrTmp.str());
+      fnReplaceAll(strSynSeg, "(", " (");
+      ostr << strSynSeg;
+    }
+    std::string strSyn = ostr.str();
+    pSrlSentence->m_pTree = SParsedTree::fnConvertFromString(strSyn.c_str());
+    pSrlSentence->m_pTree->fnSetHeadWord();
+    pSrlSentence->m_pTree->fnSetSpanInfo();
+
+    // read predicate-argument structure
+    int iNumPred = vecContent[0].size() - 8;
+    for (int i = 0; i < iNumPred; i++) {
+      std::vector<std::string> vecRole;
+      std::vector<int> vecBegin;
+      std::vector<int> vecEnd;
+      int iPred = -1;
+      for (int j = 0; j < iSize; j++) {
+        const char* p = vecContent[j][i + 8].c_str();
+        const char* q;
+        if (p[0] == '(') {
+          // starting position of an argument(or predicate)
+          vecBegin.push_back(j);
+          q = strchr(p, '*');
+          assert(q != NULL);
+          vecRole.push_back(vecContent[j][i + 8].substr(1, q - p - 1));
+          if (vecRole.back().compare("V") == 0) {
+            assert(iPred == -1);
+            iPred = vecRole.size() - 1;
+          }
+        }
+        if (p[strlen(p) - 1] == ')') {
+          // end position of an argument(or predicate)
+          vecEnd.push_back(j);
+          assert(vecBegin.size() == vecEnd.size());
+        }
+      }
+      assert(iPred != -1);
+      SPredicate* pPred = new SPredicate(
+          pSrlSentence->m_pTree->m_vecTerminals[vecBegin[iPred]]->m_pszTerm,
+          vecBegin[iPred]);
+      pSrlSentence->fnAppend(pPred);
+      for (size_t j = 0; j < vecBegin.size(); j++) {
+        if (j == iPred) continue;
+        pPred->fnAppend(vecRole[j].c_str(), vecBegin[j], vecEnd[j]);
+        pPred->m_vecArgt.back()->fnSetTreeItem(
+            pSrlSentence->m_pTree->fnFindNodeForSpan(vecBegin[j], vecEnd[j],
+                                                     false));
+      }
+    }
+    return pSrlSentence;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  bool fnReadNextContent(std::vector<std::vector<std::string> >& vecContent) {
+    vecContent.clear();
+    if (feof(m_fpIn) == true) return false;
+    char* pszLine;
+    pszLine = new char[100001];
+    pszLine[0] = '\0';
+    int iLen;
+    while (!feof(m_fpIn)) {
+      fgets(pszLine, 10001, m_fpIn);
+      iLen = strlen(pszLine);
+      while (iLen > 0 && pszLine[iLen - 1] > 0 && pszLine[iLen - 1] < 33) {
+        pszLine[iLen - 1] = '\0';
+        iLen--;
+      }
+      if (iLen == 0) break;  // end of this sentence
+
+      std::vector<std::string> terms = SplitOnWhitespace(std::string(pszLine));
+      assert(terms.size() > 7);
+      vecContent.push_back(terms);
+    }
+    delete[] pszLine;
+    return true;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  FILE* m_fpIn;
+};
+
+typedef std::unordered_map<std::string, int> Map;
+typedef std::unordered_map<std::string, int>::iterator Iterator;
+
+struct Tsuruoka_Maxent {
+  Tsuruoka_Maxent(const char* pszModelFName) {
+    if (pszModelFName != NULL) {
+      m_pModel = new ME_Model();
+      m_pModel->load_from_file(pszModelFName);
+    } else
+      m_pModel = NULL;
+  }
+
+  ~Tsuruoka_Maxent() {
+    if (m_pModel != NULL) delete m_pModel;
+  }
+
+  void fnTrain(const char* pszInstanceFName, const char* pszAlgorithm,
+               const char* pszModelFName, int /*iNumIteration*/) {
+    assert(strcmp(pszAlgorithm, "l1") == 0 || strcmp(pszAlgorithm, "l2") == 0 ||
+           strcmp(pszAlgorithm, "sgd") == 0 ||
+           strcmp(pszAlgorithm, "SGD") == 0);
+    FILE* fpIn = fopen(pszInstanceFName, "r");
+
+    ME_Model* pModel = new ME_Model();
+
+    char* pszLine = new char[100001];
+    int iNumInstances = 0;
+    int iLen;
+    while (!feof(fpIn)) {
+      pszLine[0] = '\0';
+      fgets(pszLine, 20000, fpIn);
+      if (strlen(pszLine) == 0) {
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      iLen = strlen(pszLine);
+      while (iLen > 0 && pszLine[iLen - 1] > 0 && pszLine[iLen - 1] < 33) {
+        pszLine[iLen - 1] = '\0';
+        iLen--;
+      }
+
+      iNumInstances++;
+
+      ME_Sample* pmes = new ME_Sample();
+
+      char* p = strrchr(pszLine, ' ');
+      assert(p != NULL);
+      p[0] = '\0';
+      p++;
+      std::vector<std::string> vecContext;
+      SplitOnWhitespace(std::string(pszLine), &vecContext);
+
+      pmes->label = std::string(p);
+      for (size_t i = 0; i < vecContext.size(); i++)
+        pmes->add_feature(vecContext[i]);
+      pModel->add_training_sample((*pmes));
+      if (iNumInstances % 100000 == 0)
+        fprintf(stdout, "......Reading #Instances: %1d\n", iNumInstances);
+      delete pmes;
+    }
+    fprintf(stdout, "......Reading #Instances: %1d\n", iNumInstances);
+    fclose(fpIn);
+
+    if (strcmp(pszAlgorithm, "l1") == 0)
+      pModel->use_l1_regularizer(1.0);
+    else if (strcmp(pszAlgorithm, "l2") == 0)
+      pModel->use_l2_regularizer(1.0);
+    else
+      pModel->use_SGD();
+
+    pModel->train();
+    pModel->save_to_file(pszModelFName);
+
+    delete pModel;
+    fprintf(stdout, "......Finished Training\n");
+    fprintf(stdout, "......Model saved as %s\n", pszModelFName);
+    delete[] pszLine;
+  }
+
+  double fnEval(const char* pszContext, const char* pszOutcome) const {
+    std::vector<std::string> vecContext;
+    ME_Sample* pmes = new ME_Sample();
+    SplitOnWhitespace(std::string(pszContext), &vecContext);
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < vecContext.size(); i++)
+      pmes->add_feature(vecContext[i]);
+    std::vector<double> vecProb = m_pModel->classify(*pmes);
+    delete pmes;
+    int iLableID = m_pModel->get_class_id(pszOutcome);
+    return vecProb[iLableID];
+  }
+  void fnEval(const char* pszContext,
+              std::vector<std::pair<std::string, double> >& vecOutput) const {
+    std::vector<std::string> vecContext;
+    ME_Sample* pmes = new ME_Sample();
+    SplitOnWhitespace(std::string(pszContext), &vecContext);
+
+    vecOutput.clear();
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < vecContext.size(); i++)
+      pmes->add_feature(vecContext[i]);
+    std::vector<double> vecProb = m_pModel->classify(*pmes);
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < vecProb.size(); i++) {
+      std::string label = m_pModel->get_class_label(i);
+      vecOutput.push_back(make_pair(label, vecProb[i]));
+    }
+    delete pmes;
+  }
+  void fnEval(const char* pszContext, std::vector<double>& vecOutput) const {
+    std::vector<std::string> vecContext;
+    ME_Sample* pmes = new ME_Sample();
+    SplitOnWhitespace(std::string(pszContext), &vecContext);
+
+    vecOutput.clear();
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < vecContext.size(); i++)
+      pmes->add_feature(vecContext[i]);
+    std::vector<double> vecProb = m_pModel->classify(*pmes);
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < vecProb.size(); i++) {
+      std::string label = m_pModel->get_class_label(i);
+      vecOutput.push_back(vecProb[i]);
+    }
+    delete pmes;
+  }
+  int fnGetClassId(const std::string& strLabel) const {
+    return m_pModel->get_class_id(strLabel);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  ME_Model* m_pModel;
+};
+
+// an argument item or a predicate item (the verb itself)
+struct SSRLItem {
+  SSRLItem(const STreeItem *tree_item, std::string role)
+      : tree_item_(tree_item), role_(role) {}
+  ~SSRLItem() {}
+  const STreeItem *tree_item_;
+  const std::string role_;
+};
+
+struct SPredicateItem {
+  SPredicateItem(const SParsedTree *tree, const SPredicate *pred)
+      : pred_(pred) {
+    vec_items_.reserve(pred->m_vecArgt.size() + 1);
+    for (int i = 0; i < pred->m_vecArgt.size(); i++) {
+      vec_items_.push_back(
+          new SSRLItem(pred->m_vecArgt[i]->m_pTreeItem,
+                       std::string(pred->m_vecArgt[i]->m_pszRole)));
+    }
+    vec_items_.push_back(
+        new SSRLItem(tree->m_vecTerminals[pred->m_iPosition]->m_ptParent,
+                     std::string("Pred")));
+    sort(vec_items_.begin(), vec_items_.end(), SortFunction);
+
+    begin_ = vec_items_[0]->tree_item_->m_iBegin;
+    end_ = vec_items_[vec_items_.size() - 1]->tree_item_->m_iEnd;
+  }
+
+  ~SPredicateItem() { vec_items_.clear(); }
+
+  static bool SortFunction(SSRLItem *i, SSRLItem *j) {
+    return (i->tree_item_->m_iBegin < j->tree_item_->m_iBegin);
+  }
+
+  std::vector<SSRLItem *> vec_items_;
+  int begin_;
+  int end_;
+  const SPredicate *pred_;
+};
+
+struct SArgumentReorderModel {
+ public:
+  static std::string fnGetBlockOutcome(int iBegin, int iEnd,
+                                       SAlignment *pAlign) {
+    return pAlign->fnIsContinuous(iBegin, iEnd);
+  }
+  static void fnGetReorderType(SPredicateItem *pPredItem, SAlignment *pAlign,
+                               std::vector<std::string> &vecStrLeftReorder,
+                               std::vector<std::string> &vecStrRightReorder) {
+    std::vector<int> vecLeft, vecRight;
+    for (int i = 0; i < pPredItem->vec_items_.size(); i++) {
+      const STreeItem *pCon1 = pPredItem->vec_items_[i]->tree_item_;
+      int iLeft1, iRight1;
+      pAlign->fnGetLeftRightMost(pCon1->m_iBegin, pCon1->m_iEnd, true, iLeft1,
+                                 iRight1);
+      vecLeft.push_back(iLeft1);
+      vecRight.push_back(iRight1);
+    }
+    std::vector<int> vecLeftPosition;
+    fnGetRelativePosition(vecLeft, vecLeftPosition);
+    std::vector<int> vecRightPosition;
+    fnGetRelativePosition(vecRight, vecRightPosition);
+
+    vecStrLeftReorder.clear();
+    vecStrRightReorder.clear();
+    for (int i = 1; i < vecLeftPosition.size(); i++) {
+      std::string strOutcome;
+      fnGetOutcome(vecLeftPosition[i - 1], vecLeftPosition[i], strOutcome);
+      vecStrLeftReorder.push_back(strOutcome);
+      fnGetOutcome(vecRightPosition[i - 1], vecRightPosition[i], strOutcome);
+      vecStrRightReorder.push_back(strOutcome);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /*
+   * features:
+   * f1: (left_label, right_label, parent_label)
+   * f2: (left_label, right_label, parent_label, other_right_sibling_label)
+   * f3: (left_label, right_label, parent_label, other_left_sibling_label)
+   * f4: (left_label, right_label, left_head_pos)
+   * f5: (left_label, right_label, left_head_word)
+   * f6: (left_label, right_label, right_head_pos)
+   * f7: (left_label, right_label, right_head_word)
+   * f8: (left_label, right_label, left_chunk_status)
+   * f9: (left_label, right_label, right_chunk_status)
+   * f10: (left_label, parent_label)
+   * f11: (right_label, parent_label)
+   *
+   * f1: (left_role, right_role, predicate_term)
+   * f2: (left_role, right_role, predicate_term, other_right_role)
+   * f3: (left_role, right_role, predicate_term, other_left_role)
+   * f4: (left_role, right_role, left_head_pos)
+   * f5: (left_role, right_role, left_head_word)
+   * f6: (left_role, right_role, left_syntactic_label)
+   * f7: (left_role, right_role, right_head_pos)
+   * f8: (left_role, right_role, right_head_word)
+   * f8: (left_role, right_role, right_syntactic_label)
+   * f8: (left_role, right_role, left_chunk_status)
+   * f9: (left_role, right_role, right_chunk_status)
+   * f10: (left_role, right_role, left_chunk_status)
+   * f11: (left_role, right_role, right_chunk_status)
+   * f12: (left_label, parent_label)
+   * f13: (right_label, parent_label)
+   */
+  static void fnGenerateFeature(const SParsedTree *pTree,
+                                const SPredicate *pPred,
+                                const SPredicateItem *pPredItem, int iPos,
+                                const std::string &strBlock1,
+                                const std::string &strBlock2,
+                                std::ostringstream &ostr) {
+    SSRLItem *pSRLItem1 = pPredItem->vec_items_[iPos - 1];
+    SSRLItem *pSRLItem2 = pPredItem->vec_items_[iPos];
+    const STreeItem *pCon1 = pSRLItem1->tree_item_;
+    const STreeItem *pCon2 = pSRLItem2->tree_item_;
+
+    std::string left_role = pSRLItem1->role_;
+    std::string right_role = pSRLItem2->role_;
+
+    std::string predicate_term =
+        pTree->m_vecTerminals[pPred->m_iPosition]->m_pszTerm;
+
+    std::vector<std::string> vec_other_right_sibling;
+    for (int i = iPos + 1; i < pPredItem->vec_items_.size(); i++)
+      vec_other_right_sibling.push_back(
+          std::string(pPredItem->vec_items_[i]->role_));
+    if (vec_other_right_sibling.size() == 0)
+      vec_other_right_sibling.push_back(std::string("NULL"));
+
+    std::vector<std::string> vec_other_left_sibling;
+    for (int i = 0; i < iPos - 1; i++)
+      vec_other_right_sibling.push_back(
+          std::string(pPredItem->vec_items_[i]->role_));
+    if (vec_other_left_sibling.size() == 0)
+      vec_other_left_sibling.push_back(std::string("NULL"));
+
+    // generate features
+    // f1
+    ostr << "f1=" << left_role << "_" << right_role << "_" << predicate_term;
+    ostr << "f1=" << left_role << "_" << right_role;
+
+    // f2
+    for (int i = 0; i < vec_other_right_sibling.size(); i++) {
+      ostr << " f2=" << left_role << "_" << right_role << "_" << predicate_term
+           << "_" << vec_other_right_sibling[i];
+      ostr << " f2=" << left_role << "_" << right_role << "_"
+           << vec_other_right_sibling[i];
+    }
+    // f3
+    for (int i = 0; i < vec_other_left_sibling.size(); i++) {
+      ostr << " f3=" << left_role << "_" << right_role << "_" << predicate_term
+           << "_" << vec_other_left_sibling[i];
+      ostr << " f3=" << left_role << "_" << right_role << "_"
+           << vec_other_left_sibling[i];
+    }
+    // f4
+    ostr << " f4=" << left_role << "_" << right_role << "_"
+         << pTree->m_vecTerminals[pCon1->m_iHeadWord]->m_ptParent->m_pszTerm;
+    // f5
+    ostr << " f5=" << left_role << "_" << right_role << "_"
+         << pTree->m_vecTerminals[pCon1->m_iHeadWord]->m_pszTerm;
+    // f6
+    ostr << " f6=" << left_role << "_" << right_role << "_" << pCon2->m_pszTerm;
+    // f7
+    ostr << " f7=" << left_role << "_" << right_role << "_"
+         << pTree->m_vecTerminals[pCon2->m_iHeadWord]->m_ptParent->m_pszTerm;
+    // f8
+    ostr << " f8=" << left_role << "_" << right_role << "_"
+         << pTree->m_vecTerminals[pCon2->m_iHeadWord]->m_pszTerm;
+    // f9
+    ostr << " f9=" << left_role << "_" << right_role << "_" << pCon2->m_pszTerm;
+    // f10
+    ostr << " f10=" << left_role << "_" << right_role << "_" << strBlock1;
+    // f11
+    ostr << " f11=" << left_role << "_" << right_role << "_" << strBlock2;
+    // f12
+    ostr << " f12=" << left_role << "_" << predicate_term;
+    ostr << " f12=" << left_role;
+    // f13
+    ostr << " f13=" << right_role << "_" << predicate_term;
+    ostr << " f13=" << right_role;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  static void fnGetOutcome(int i1, int i2, std::string &strOutcome) {
+    assert(i1 != i2);
+    if (i1 < i2) {
+      if (i2 > i1 + 1)
+        strOutcome = std::string("DM");
+      else
+        strOutcome = std::string("M");
+    } else {
+      if (i1 > i2 + 1)
+        strOutcome = std::string("DS");
+      else
+        strOutcome = std::string("S");
+    }
+  }
+
+  static void fnGetRelativePosition(const std::vector<int> &vecLeft,
+                                    std::vector<int> &vecPosition) {
+    vecPosition.clear();
+
+    std::vector<float> vec;
+    for (int i = 0; i < vecLeft.size(); i++) {
+      if (vecLeft[i] == -1) {
+        if (i == 0)
+          vec.push_back(-1);
+        else
+          vec.push_back(vecLeft[i - 1] + 0.1);
+      } else
+        vec.push_back(vecLeft[i]);
+    }
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < vecLeft.size(); i++) {
+      int count = 0;
+
+      for (int j = 0; j < vecLeft.size(); j++) {
+        if (j == i) continue;
+        if (vec[j] < vec[i]) {
+          count++;
+        } else if (vec[j] == vec[i] && j < i) {
+          count++;
+        }
+      }
+      vecPosition.push_back(count);
+    }
+  }
+};
+}  // namespace const_reorder
+
+#endif  // _FF_CONST_REORDER_COMMON_H