Merge remote-tracking branch 'upstream/master'

21 files changed, 115 insertions, 51 deletions

diff --git a/Jamroot b/Jamroot
index f873db68..fff11d56 100644
--- a/Jamroot
+++ b/Jamroot
@@ -18,16 +18,21 @@ if [ test_header google/dense_hash_map ] || $(with-google-hash) {
   requirements += <define>HAVE_SPARSEHASH <include>$(with-google-hash) ;
 }
 
+if [ test_header cmph.h ] || $(with-cmph) {
+  requirements += <define>HAVE_CMPH <include>$(with-cmph) ;
+}
+
 if [ test_header boost/serialization/map.hpp ] && [ test_library boost_serialization ] {
   requirements += <define>HAVE_BOOST_ARCHIVE_TEXT_OARCHIVE_HPP ;
 }
 
-project : requirements $(requirements) ;
+# project : requirements $(requirements) ;
+project : requirements $(requirements) <toolset>darwin:<link>static ;
 project : default-build <threading>single <warnings>on <variant>release ;
 
-install-bin-libs utils//programs mteval//programs klm/lm//programs decoder//cdec phrasinator//programs ;
+install-bin-libs utils//programs mteval//programs klm/lm//programs training//liblbfgs decoder//cdec creg//creg phrasinator//programs ;
 
-build-projects mteval decoder klm/lm ;
+build-projects mteval decoder klm/lm training/liblbfgs creg ;
 
 #Compile everything ending with _test.cc into a test and run it.
 rule all_tests ( targets * : dependencies : properties * ) {
diff --git a/configure.ac b/configure.ac
index 1e853fb6..6d2a8c60 100644
--- a/configure.ac
+++ b/configure.ac
@@ -130,4 +130,6 @@ then
   AM_CONDITIONAL([GLC], true)
 fi
 
+CPPFLAGS="$CPPFLAGS -DHAVE_CONFIG_H"
+
 AC_OUTPUT(Makefile rst_parser/Makefile utils/Makefile mteval/Makefile extools/Makefile decoder/Makefile phrasinator/Makefile training/Makefile training/liblbfgs/Makefile creg/Makefile dpmert/Makefile pro-train/Makefile rampion/Makefile klm/util/Makefile klm/lm/Makefile mira/Makefile dtrain/Makefile gi/pyp-topics/src/Makefile gi/clda/src/Makefile gi/pf/Makefile gi/markov_al/Makefile)
diff --git a/creg/Jamfile b/creg/Jamfile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..cfed2388
--- /dev/null
+++ b/creg/Jamfile
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+import lex ;
+
+exe creg : creg.cc json_feature_map_lexer.ll ..//utils ../training//liblbfgs ..//boost_program_options : <include>../training <include>. : <library>..//z ;
+
+alias programs : creg ;
+
diff --git a/creg/creg.cc b/creg/creg.cc
index 005ec9ac..b145ac49 100644
--- a/creg/creg.cc
+++ b/creg/creg.cc
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ void ReaderCB(const string& id, const SparseVector<float>& fmap, void* extra) {
   if (rh.lc % 40000 == 0) { cerr << " [" << rh.lc << "]\n"; rh.flag = false; }
   const unordered_map<string, unsigned>::iterator it = rh.id2ind.find(id);
   if (it == rh.id2ind.end()) {
-    cerr << "Unlabeled example in line " << rh.lc << endl;
+    cerr << "Unlabeled example in line " << rh.lc << " (key=" << id << ')' << endl;
     abort();
   }
   (*rh.xy_pairs)[it->second - 1].x = fmap;
diff --git a/creg/json_feature_map_lexer.ll b/creg/json_feature_map_lexer.ll
index cbb6d9a9..f9ce7977 100644
--- a/creg/json_feature_map_lexer.ll
+++ b/creg/json_feature_map_lexer.ll
@@ -77,6 +77,11 @@ UNESCAPED_CH [^\"\\\b\n\r\f\t]
 
 <JSON>{WS}*{LCB}{WS}*                    { BEGIN(PREVAL); }
 
+<JSON>{WS}*{LCB}{WS}*{RCB}\n*            {const SparseVector<float> x;
+                                         json_fmap_callback(instid, x, json_fmap_callback_extra);
+                                         curfeat = 0;
+                                         BEGIN(INITIAL);}
+
 <PREVAL>\"                               { BEGIN(STRING); spos=0; }
 
 <STRING>\"                               { featname[spos] = 0;
@@ -92,7 +97,8 @@ UNESCAPED_CH [^\"\\\b\n\r\f\t]
 <STRING>\\n                              { }
 <STRING>\\r                              { }
 <STRING>\\t                              { }
-<STRING>\\u{HEX_D}{HEX_D}{HEX_D}{HEX_D}  { abort();
+<STRING>\\u{HEX_D}{HEX_D}{HEX_D}{HEX_D}  { uint16_t hex = strtol(&yytext[2], NULL, 16);
+                                           spos += unicode_escape_to_utf8(hex, 0, &featname[spos++])-1;
                                          }
 
 <JSONVAL>{WS}*:{WS}*                     { BEGIN(DOUBLE); }
@@ -129,4 +135,3 @@ int main() {
   JSONFeatureMapLexer::ReadRules(&std::cin, cb, NULL);
 }
 #endif
-
diff --git a/decoder/Jamfile b/decoder/Jamfile
index f8112cae..871da4f6 100644
--- a/decoder/Jamfile
+++ b/decoder/Jamfile
@@ -61,9 +61,14 @@ lib cdec_lib :
   ../klm/lm//kenlm
   ..//boost_program_options
   : <include>.
+  : :
+  <library>..//utils
+  <library>..//mteval
+  <library>../klm/lm//kenlm
+  <library>..//boost_program_options
   ;
 
-exe cdec : cdec.cc cdec_lib ;
+exe cdec : cdec.cc cdec_lib ..//utils ..//mteval ../klm/lm//kenlm ..//boost_program_options ;
 
 all_tests [ glob *_test.cc : cfg_test.cc ] : cdec_lib : <testing.arg>$(TOP)/decoder/test_data ;
 
diff --git a/decoder/decoder.cc b/decoder/decoder.cc
index 4ce2ba86..487c7635 100644
--- a/decoder/decoder.cc
+++ b/decoder/decoder.cc
@@ -965,14 +965,14 @@ bool DecoderImpl::Decode(const string& input, DecoderObserver* o) {
       {
         ReadFile rf(writer.fname_);
         bool succeeded = HypergraphIO::ReadFromJSON(rf.stream(), &new_hg);
-        assert(succeeded);
+        if (!succeeded) abort();
       }
       new_hg.Union(forest);
       bool succeeded = writer.Write(new_hg, false);
-      assert(succeeded);
+      if (!succeeded) abort();
     } else {
       bool succeeded = writer.Write(forest, false);
-      assert(succeeded);
+      if (!succeeded) abort();
     }
   }
 
@@ -1052,14 +1052,14 @@ bool DecoderImpl::Decode(const string& input, DecoderObserver* o) {
           {
             ReadFile rf(writer.fname_);
             bool succeeded = HypergraphIO::ReadFromJSON(rf.stream(), &new_hg);
-            assert(succeeded);
+            if (!succeeded) abort();
           }
           new_hg.Union(forest);
           bool succeeded = writer.Write(new_hg, false);
-          assert(succeeded);
+          if (!succeeded) abort();
         } else {
           bool succeeded = writer.Write(forest, false);
-          assert(succeeded);
+          if (!succeeded) abort();
         }
       }
       if (aligner_mode && !output_training_vector)
diff --git a/decoder/hg.h b/decoder/hg.h
index f0ddbb76..dfa4ac6d 100644
--- a/decoder/hg.h
+++ b/decoder/hg.h
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ public:
       o<<'(';
       show(o,show_mask);
       if (indent) o<<'\n';
-      for (int i=0;i<tail_nodes_.size();++i) {
+      for (unsigned i=0;i<tail_nodes_.size();++i) {
         TEdgeHandle c=re(tail_nodes_[i],i,eh);
         Edge const* cp=c;
         if (cp) {
@@ -314,7 +314,7 @@ public:
 
 private:
   void index_tails(Edge const& edge) {
-    for (int i = 0; i < edge.tail_nodes_.size(); ++i)
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < edge.tail_nodes_.size(); ++i)
       nodes_[edge.tail_nodes_[i]].out_edges_.push_back(edge.id_);
   }
 public:
@@ -348,7 +348,7 @@ public:
     edge->rule_ = rule;
     edge->tail_nodes_ = tail;
     edge->id_ = eid;
-    for (int i = 0; i < edge->tail_nodes_.size(); ++i)
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < edge->tail_nodes_.size(); ++i)
       nodes_[edge->tail_nodes_[i]].out_edges_.push_back(edge->id_);
     return edge;
   }
diff --git a/decoder/viterbi.h b/decoder/viterbi.h
index daee3d7a..3092f6da 100644
--- a/decoder/viterbi.h
+++ b/decoder/viterbi.h
@@ -32,16 +32,16 @@ typename WeightFunction::Weight Viterbi(const Hypergraph& hg,
     WeightType* const cur_node_best_weight = &vit_weight[i];
     T*          const cur_node_best_result = &vit_result[i];
 
-    const int num_in_edges = cur_node.in_edges_.size();
+    const unsigned num_in_edges = cur_node.in_edges_.size();
     if (num_in_edges == 0) {
       *cur_node_best_weight = WeightType(1);
       continue;
     }
     Hypergraph::Edge const* edge_best=0;
-    for (int j = 0; j < num_in_edges; ++j) {
+    for (unsigned j = 0; j < num_in_edges; ++j) {
       const Hypergraph::Edge& edge = hg.edges_[cur_node.in_edges_[j]];
       WeightType score = weight(edge);
-      for (int k = 0; k < edge.tail_nodes_.size(); ++k)
+      for (unsigned k = 0; k < edge.tail_nodes_.size(); ++k)
         score *= vit_weight[edge.tail_nodes_[k]];
       if (!edge_best || *cur_node_best_weight < score) {
         *cur_node_best_weight = score;
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ typename WeightFunction::Weight Viterbi(const Hypergraph& hg,
     assert(edge_best);
     Hypergraph::Edge const& edgeb=*edge_best;
     std::vector<const T*> antsb(edgeb.tail_nodes_.size());
-    for (int k = 0; k < edgeb.tail_nodes_.size(); ++k)
+    for (unsigned k = 0; k < edgeb.tail_nodes_.size(); ++k)
       antsb[k] = &vit_result[edgeb.tail_nodes_[k]];
     traverse(edgeb, antsb, cur_node_best_result);
   }
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ struct PathLengthTraversal {
                   int* result) const {
     (void) edge;
     *result = 1;
-    for (int i = 0; i < ants.size(); ++i) *result += *ants[i];
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < ants.size(); ++i) *result += *ants[i];
   }
 };
 
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ struct ELengthTraversal {
                   const std::vector<const int*>& ants,
                   int* result) const {
     *result = edge.rule_->ELength() - edge.rule_->Arity();
-    for (int i = 0; i < ants.size(); ++i) *result += *ants[i];
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < ants.size(); ++i) *result += *ants[i];
   }
 };
 
@@ -179,8 +179,8 @@ struct ViterbiPathTraversal {
   void operator()(const Hypergraph::Edge& edge,
                   std::vector<Result const*> const& ants,
                   Result* result) const {
-    for (int i = 0; i < ants.size(); ++i)
-      for (int j = 0; j < ants[i]->size(); ++j)
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < ants.size(); ++i)
+      for (unsigned j = 0; j < ants[i]->size(); ++j)
         result->push_back((*ants[i])[j]);
     result->push_back(&edge);
   }
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ struct FeatureVectorTraversal {
   void operator()(Hypergraph::Edge const& edge,
                   std::vector<Result const*> const& ants,
                   Result* result) const {
-    for (int i = 0; i < ants.size(); ++i)
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < ants.size(); ++i)
       *result+=*ants[i];
     *result+=edge.feature_values_;
   }
diff --git a/klm/util/Jamfile b/klm/util/Jamfile
index 00eefc22..b8c14347 100644
--- a/klm/util/Jamfile
+++ b/klm/util/Jamfile
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-lib kenutil : bit_packing.cc ersatz_progress.cc exception.cc file.cc file_piece.cc mmap.cc murmur_hash.cc ../..///z : <include>.. : : <include>.. ;
+lib kenutil : bit_packing.cc ersatz_progress.cc exception.cc file.cc file_piece.cc mmap.cc murmur_hash.cc ../..//z : <include>.. : : <include>.. ;
 
 import testing ;
 
diff --git a/mteval/Jamfile b/mteval/Jamfile
index 24a95e8f..6260caea 100644
--- a/mteval/Jamfile
+++ b/mteval/Jamfile
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import testing ;
 
-lib mteval : ter.cc comb_scorer.cc aer_scorer.cc scorer.cc external_scorer.cc ns.cc ns_ter.cc ns_ext.cc ns_comb.cc ns_docscorer.cc ..//utils : <include>. : : <include>. ;
+lib mteval : ter.cc comb_scorer.cc aer_scorer.cc scorer.cc external_scorer.cc ns.cc ns_ter.cc ns_ext.cc ns_comb.cc ns_docscorer.cc ..//utils : <include>. : : <include>. <library>..//z ;
 exe fast_score : fast_score.cc mteval ..//utils ..//boost_program_options ;
 exe mbr_kbest : mbr_kbest.cc mteval ..//utils ..//boost_program_options ;
 alias programs : fast_score mbr_kbest ;
diff --git a/training/Jamfile b/training/Jamfile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b28a13e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/training/Jamfile
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+import testing ;
+import option ;
+
+lib training : 
+  ..//utils
+  ..//mteval
+  ..//decoder
+  ../klm/lm//kenlm
+  ..//boost_program_options
+  ttables.cc
+  : <include>.
+  : :
+  <library>..//decoder
+  <library>../klm/lm//kenlm
+  <library>..//utils
+  <library>..//mteval
+  <library>..//boost_program_options
+  ;
+
+exe model1 : model1.cc : <include>../decoder ;
+
+# // all_tests [ glob *_test.cc ] : cdec_lib : <testing.arg>$(TOP)/decoder/test_data ;
+
+alias programs : model1 ;
+
diff --git a/training/liblbfgs/Jamfile b/training/liblbfgs/Jamfile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..49c82748
--- /dev/null
+++ b/training/liblbfgs/Jamfile
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+import testing ;
+
+lib liblbfgs : lbfgs.c : <include>.. ;
+
+unit-test ll_test : ll_test.cc liblbfgs : <include>.. ;
diff --git a/utils/array2d.h b/utils/array2d.h
index e63eda0d..ee2600d2 100644
--- a/utils/array2d.h
+++ b/utils/array2d.h
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ inline std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const Array2D<std::vector<bool
     os << (i%10);
     for (int j=0; j<m.height(); ++j) {
       const std::vector<bool>& ar = m(i,j);
-      for (int k=0; k<ar.size(); ++k)
+      for (unsigned k=0; k<ar.size(); ++k)
         os << (ar[k] ? '*' : '.');
     }
     os << "\t";
diff --git a/utils/fast_sparse_vector.h b/utils/fast_sparse_vector.h
index 68caa704..3cc48f8e 100644
--- a/utils/fast_sparse_vector.h
+++ b/utils/fast_sparse_vector.h
@@ -14,7 +14,9 @@
 #include <cassert>
 #include <vector>
 
+#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
 #include "config.h"
+#endif
 
 #include <boost/static_assert.hpp>
 #if HAVE_BOOST_ARCHIVE_TEXT_OARCHIVE_HPP
@@ -323,7 +325,7 @@ class FastSparseVector {
     std::memcpy(&data_, t, sizeof(data_));
   }
  private:
-  static inline T& extend_vector(std::vector<T> &v,int i) {
+  static inline T& extend_vector(std::vector<T> &v,size_t i) {
     if (i>=v.size())
       v.resize(i+1);
     return v[i];
diff --git a/utils/fdict.h b/utils/fdict.h
index 0a2a9456..71547d2e 100644
--- a/utils/fdict.h
+++ b/utils/fdict.h
@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 #ifndef _FDICT_H_
 #define _FDICT_H_
 
+#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
 #include "config.h"
+#endif
 
 #include <iostream>
 #include <string>
diff --git a/utils/hash.h b/utils/hash.h
index 2290bc34..31457430 100644
--- a/utils/hash.h
+++ b/utils/hash.h
@@ -5,7 +5,10 @@
 
 #include "murmur_hash.h"
 
+#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
 #include "config.h"
+#endif
+
 #ifdef HAVE_SPARSEHASH
 # include <google/dense_hash_map>
 # include <google/dense_hash_set>
@@ -130,8 +133,7 @@ bool maybe_add(H &ht,K const& k,typename H::mapped_type const& v) {
 // ht[k] must not exist (yet)
 template <class H,class K>
 void add(H &ht,K const& k,typename H::mapped_type const& v) {
-  bool fresh=maybe_add(ht,k,v);
-  assert(fresh);
+  maybe_add(ht,k,v);
 }
 
 
diff --git a/utils/perfect_hash.h b/utils/perfect_hash.h
index 8ac11f18..29ea48a9 100644
--- a/utils/perfect_hash.h
+++ b/utils/perfect_hash.h
@@ -1,15 +1,16 @@
 #ifndef _PERFECT_HASH_MAP_H_
 #define _PERFECT_HASH_MAP_H_
 
-#include "config.h"
+#include <vector>
+#include <boost/utility.hpp>
 
-#ifndef HAVE_CMPH
-#error libcmph is required to use PerfectHashFunction
+#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
+#include "config.h"
 #endif
 
-#include <vector>
-#include <boost/utility.hpp>
+#ifdef HAVE_CMPH
 #include "cmph.h"
+#endif
 
 class PerfectHashFunction : boost::noncopyable {
  public:
@@ -18,7 +19,9 @@ class PerfectHashFunction : boost::noncopyable {
   size_t operator()(const std::string& key) const;
   size_t number_of_keys() const;
  private:
+#ifdef HAVE_CMPH
   cmph_t *mphf_;
+#endif
 };
 
 #endif
diff --git a/utils/phmt.cc b/utils/phmt.cc
index 48d9f093..b17febf6 100644
--- a/utils/phmt.cc
+++ b/utils/phmt.cc
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
+#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
 #include "config.h"
+#endif
 
 #ifndef HAVE_CMPH
 int main() {
diff --git a/utils/small_vector.h b/utils/small_vector.h
index b65c3b38..d04d1352 100644
--- a/utils/small_vector.h
+++ b/utils/small_vector.h
@@ -50,16 +50,16 @@ class SmallVector {
   explicit SmallVector(size_t s) {
     Alloc(s);
     if (s <= SV_MAX) {
-      for (int i = 0; i < s; ++i) new(&data_.vals[i]) T();
+      for (unsigned i = 0; i < s; ++i) new(&data_.vals[i]) T();
     } //TODO: if alloc were raw space, construct here.
   }
 
   SmallVector(size_t s, T const& v) {
     Alloc(s);
     if (s <= SV_MAX) {
-      for (int i = 0; i < s; ++i) data_.vals[i] = v;
+      for (unsigned i = 0; i < s; ++i) data_.vals[i] = v;
     } else {
-      for (int i = 0; i < size_; ++i) data_.ptr[i] = v;
+      for (unsigned i = 0; i < size_; ++i) data_.ptr[i] = v;
     }
   }
 
@@ -69,9 +69,9 @@ class SmallVector {
     int s=end-begin;
     Alloc(s);
     if (s <= SV_MAX) {
-      for (int i = 0; i < s; ++i,++begin) data_.vals[i] = *begin;
+      for (unsigned i = 0; i < s; ++i,++begin) data_.vals[i] = *begin;
     } else
-      for (int i = 0; i < s; ++i,++begin) data_.ptr[i] = *begin;
+      for (unsigned i = 0; i < s; ++i,++begin) data_.ptr[i] = *begin;
   }
 
   SmallVector(const Self& o) : size_(o.size_) {
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ class SmallVector {
     if (size_ <= SV_MAX) {
       if (o.size_ <= SV_MAX) {
         size_ = o.size_;
-        for (int i = 0; i < SV_MAX; ++i) data_.vals[i] = o.data_.vals[i];
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < SV_MAX; ++i) data_.vals[i] = o.data_.vals[i];
       } else {
         capacity_ = size_ = o.size_;
         data_.ptr = new T[capacity_];
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ class SmallVector {
       if (o.size_ <= SV_MAX) {
         delete[] data_.ptr;
         size_ = o.size_;
-        for (int i = 0; i < size_; ++i) data_.vals[i] = o.data_.vals[i];
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < size_; ++i) data_.vals[i] = o.data_.vals[i];
       } else {
         if (capacity_ < o.size_) {
           delete[] data_.ptr;
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ class SmallVector {
           data_.ptr = new T[capacity_];
         }
         size_ = o.size_;
-        for (int i = 0; i < size_; ++i)
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < size_; ++i)
           data_.ptr[i] = o.data_.ptr[i];
       }
     }
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ class SmallVector {
     if (size_ <= SV_MAX) {
       // skip if pod?  yes, we required pod anyway.  no need to destruct
 #if !SMALL_VECTOR_POD
-      for (int i=0;i<size_;++i) data_.vals[i].~T();
+      for (unsigned i=0;i<size_;++i) data_.vals[i].~T();
 #endif
     } else
       delete[] data_.ptr;
@@ -166,13 +166,13 @@ private:
   inline void copy_vals_to_ptr() {
     capacity_ = SV_MAX * 2;
     T* tmp = new T[capacity_];
-    for (int i = 0; i < SV_MAX; ++i) tmp[i] = data_.vals[i];
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < SV_MAX; ++i) tmp[i] = data_.vals[i];
     data_.ptr = tmp;
   }
   inline void ptr_to_small() {
     assert(size_<=SV_MAX);
     int *tmp=data_.ptr;
-    for (int i=0;i<size_;++i)
+    for (unsigned i=0;i<size_;++i)
       data_.vals[i]=tmp[i];
     delete[] tmp;
   }
@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ public:
     if (s <= SV_MAX) {
       if (size_ > SV_MAX) {
         T *tmp=data_.ptr;
-        for (int i = 0; i < s; ++i) data_.vals[i] = tmp[i];
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < s; ++i) data_.vals[i] = tmp[i];
         delete[] tmp;
         size_ = s;
         return;
@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ public:
         size_ = s;
         return;
       } else {
-        for (int i = size_; i < s; ++i)
+        for (unsigned i = size_; i < s; ++i)
           data_.vals[i] = v;
         size_ = s;
         return;
@@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ public:
       if (s > capacity_)
         ensure_capacity(s);
       if (s > size_) {
-        for (int i = size_; i < s; ++i)
+        for (unsigned i = size_; i < s; ++i)
           data_.ptr[i] = v;
       }
       size_ = s;
diff --git a/utils/sparse_vector.cc b/utils/sparse_vector.cc
index 24da5f39..27bb88dd 100644
--- a/utils/sparse_vector.cc
+++ b/utils/sparse_vector.cc
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ void Encode(double objective, const SparseVector<double>& v, ostream* out) {
   for (const_iterator it = v.begin(); it != v.end(); ++it)
     tot_size += FD::Convert(it->first).size();   // feature names;
   tot_size += sizeof(double) * num_feats;        // gradient
-  const size_t off_magic = tot_size;
+  const size_t off_magic = tot_size; (void) off_magic;
   tot_size += 4;                                 // magic
 
   // size_t b64_size = tot_size * 4 / 3;