Michael remembers how hiero phrase extraction works. Not totally

debugged, use -o with caution, etc.

2 files changed, 3849 insertions, 3147 deletions

diff --git a/python/src/sa/_sa.c b/python/src/sa/_sa.c
index 20eecf38..39e927b0 100644
--- a/python/src/sa/_sa.c
+++ b/python/src/sa/_sa.c
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* Generated by Cython 0.17.1 on Fri Dec 28 02:41:30 2012 */
+/* Generated by Cython 0.17.1 on Thu Jan  3 17:20:05 2013 */
 
 #define PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN
 #include "Python.h"
@@ -603,7 +603,7 @@ struct __pyx_obj_3_sa___pyx_scope_struct_17_genexpr {
 };
 
 
-/* "/home/m/workspace/cdec/python/src/sa/rulefactory.pxi":2086
+/* "/home/m/workspace/cdec/python/src/sa/rulefactory.pxi":2128
  *         return rules
  * 
  *     def new_rule(self, f_sym, e_sym, links):             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
@@ -665,7 +665,7 @@ struct __pyx_obj_3_sa___pyx_scope_struct_12_genexpr {
 };
 
 
-/* "/home/m/workspace/cdec/python/src/sa/rulefactory.pxi":2089
+/* "/home/m/workspace/cdec/python/src/sa/rulefactory.pxi":2131
  *         f = Phrase(f_sym)
  *         e = Phrase(e_sym)
  *         a = tuple(self.alignment.link(i, j) for (i, j) in links)             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
@@ -840,12 +840,14 @@ struct __pyx_obj_3_sa_Precomputation {
 struct __pyx_obj_3_sa___pyx_scope_struct_20_add_instance {
   PyObject_HEAD
   PyObject *__pyx_v_al;
-  PyObject *__pyx_v_al_span;
   PyObject *__pyx_v_cover;
+  PyObject *__pyx_v_e_nt_cover;
   PyObject *__pyx_v_e_words;
+  PyObject *__pyx_v_ef_span;
   PyObject *__pyx_v_extract;
   PyObject *__pyx_v_f_len;
   PyObject *__pyx_v_f_words;
+  PyObject *__pyx_v_fe_span;
   PyObject *__pyx_v_rules;
   struct __pyx_obj_3_sa_HieroCachingRuleFactory *__pyx_v_self;
 };
@@ -1008,7 +1010,7 @@ struct __pyx_obj_3_sa___pyx_scope_struct_15___iter__ {
 };
 
 
-/* "/home/m/workspace/cdec/python/src/sa/rulefactory.pxi":2092
+/* "/home/m/workspace/cdec/python/src/sa/rulefactory.pxi":2134
  *         return (f, e, a)
  * 
  *     def fmt_rule(self, f, e, a):             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
@@ -1022,7 +1024,7 @@ struct __pyx_obj_3_sa___pyx_scope_struct_23_fmt_rule {
 };
 
 
-/* "/home/m/workspace/cdec/python/src/sa/rulefactory.pxi":2093
+/* "/home/m/workspace/cdec/python/src/sa/rulefactory.pxi":2135
  * 
  *     def fmt_rule(self, f, e, a):
  *         a_str = ' '.join('{0}-{1}'.format(*self.alignment.unlink(packed)) for packed in a)             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
@@ -2642,7 +2644,7 @@ static PyObject *__pyx_lambda_funcdef_lambda5(CYTHON_UNUSED PyObject *__pyx_self
 static PyObject *__pyx_lambda_funcdef_lambda4(CYTHON_UNUSED PyObject *__pyx_self); /* proto */
 static PyObject *__pyx_lambda_funcdef_lambda6(CYTHON_UNUSED PyObject *__pyx_self, PyObject *__pyx_v_x); /* proto */
 static PyObject *__pyx_pf_3_sa_23HieroCachingRuleFactory_22input(struct __pyx_obj_3_sa_HieroCachingRuleFactory *__pyx_v_self, PyObject *__pyx_v_fwords, PyObject *__pyx_v_meta); /* proto */
-static PyObject *__pyx_pf_3_sa_23HieroCachingRuleFactory_12add_instance_extract(PyObject *__pyx_self, PyObject *__pyx_v_f_i, PyObject *__pyx_v_f_j, PyObject *__pyx_v_e_i, PyObject *__pyx_v_e_j, PyObject *__pyx_v_wc, PyObject *__pyx_v_links, PyObject *__pyx_v_nt, PyObject *__pyx_v_nt_open); /* proto */
+static PyObject *__pyx_pf_3_sa_23HieroCachingRuleFactory_12add_instance_extract(PyObject *__pyx_self, PyObject *__pyx_v_f_i, PyObject *__pyx_v_f_j, PyObject *__pyx_v_e_i, PyObject *__pyx_v_e_j, PyObject *__pyx_v_min_bound, PyObject *__pyx_v_wc, PyObject *__pyx_v_links, PyObject *__pyx_v_nt, PyObject *__pyx_v_nt_open); /* proto */
 static PyObject *__pyx_pf_3_sa_23HieroCachingRuleFactory_25add_instance(struct __pyx_obj_3_sa_HieroCachingRuleFactory *__pyx_v_self, PyObject *__pyx_v_f_words, PyObject *__pyx_v_e_words, PyObject *__pyx_v_alignment); /* proto */
 static PyObject *__pyx_lambda_funcdef_lambda7(CYTHON_UNUSED PyObject *__pyx_self, PyObject *__pyx_v_x, PyObject *__pyx_v_y); /* proto */
 static PyObject *__pyx_pf_3_sa_23HieroCachingRuleFactory_27form_rules(struct __pyx_obj_3_sa_HieroCachingRuleFactory *__pyx_v_self, PyObject *__pyx_v_f_i, PyObject *__pyx_v_e_i, PyObject *__pyx_v_f_span, PyObject *__pyx_v_e_span, PyObject *__pyx_v_nt, PyObject *__pyx_v_al); /* proto */
@@ -2652,7 +2654,8 @@ static PyObject *__pyx_pf_3_sa_23HieroCachingRuleFactory_8fmt_rule_genexpr(PyObj
 static PyObject *__pyx_pf_3_sa_23HieroCachingRuleFactory_31fmt_rule(struct __pyx_obj_3_sa_HieroCachingRuleFactory *__pyx_v_self, PyObject *__pyx_v_f, PyObject *__pyx_v_e, PyObject *__pyx_v_a); /* proto */
 static PyObject *__pyx_pf_3_sa_23HieroCachingRuleFactory_33dump_online_stats(struct __pyx_obj_3_sa_HieroCachingRuleFactory *__pyx_v_self); /* proto */
 static PyObject *__pyx_pf_3_sa_12span_check(CYTHON_UNUSED PyObject *__pyx_self, PyObject *__pyx_v_vec, PyObject *__pyx_v_i, PyObject *__pyx_v_j); /* proto */
-static PyObject *__pyx_pf_3_sa_14span_flip(CYTHON_UNUSED PyObject *__pyx_self, PyObject *__pyx_v_vec, PyObject *__pyx_v_i, PyObject *__pyx_v_j); /* proto */
+static PyObject *__pyx_pf_3_sa_14span_inc(CYTHON_UNUSED PyObject *__pyx_self, PyObject *__pyx_v_vec, PyObject *__pyx_v_i, PyObject *__pyx_v_j); /* proto */
+static PyObject *__pyx_pf_3_sa_16span_dec(CYTHON_UNUSED PyObject *__pyx_self, PyObject *__pyx_v_vec, PyObject *__pyx_v_i, PyObject *__pyx_v_j); /* proto */
 static int __pyx_pf_3_sa_13FeatureVector___cinit__(struct __pyx_obj_3_sa_FeatureVector *__pyx_v_self); /* proto */
 static PyObject *__pyx_pf_3_sa_13FeatureVector_2set(struct __pyx_obj_3_sa_FeatureVector *__pyx_v_self, unsigned int __pyx_v_name, float __pyx_v_value); /* proto */
 static PyObject *__pyx_pf_3_sa_13FeatureVector_4__iter__(struct __pyx_obj_3_sa_FeatureVector *__pyx_v_self); /* proto */
@@ -2762,7 +2765,7 @@ static char __pyx_k_137[] = "{0}-{1}";
 static char __pyx_k_138[] = "[X] ||| {0} ||| {1} ||| {2}";
 static char __pyx_k_139[] = "------------------------------";
 static char __pyx_k_141[] = "         Online Stats         ";
-static char __pyx_k_148[] = " : ";
+static char __pyx_k_145[] = " : ";
 static char __pyx_k_151[] = "%s=%s";
 static char __pyx_k_154[] = "/home/m/workspace/cdec/python/src/sa/_sa.pyx";
 static char __pyx_k_155[] = "cdec.sa";
@@ -2910,13 +2913,14 @@ static char __pyx_k__resource[] = "resource";
 static char __pyx_k__ru_stime[] = "ru_stime";
 static char __pyx_k__ru_utime[] = "ru_utime";
 static char __pyx_k__shortest[] = "shortest";
+static char __pyx_k__span_dec[] = "span_dec";
+static char __pyx_k__span_inc[] = "span_inc";
 static char __pyx_k__word_ids[] = "word_ids";
 static char __pyx_k__Exception[] = "Exception";
 static char __pyx_k__INCREMENT[] = "INCREMENT";
 static char __pyx_k__TypeError[] = "TypeError";
 static char __pyx_k____enter__[] = "__enter__";
 static char __pyx_k__alignment[] = "alignment";
-static char __pyx_k__collision[] = "collision";
 static char __pyx_k__enumerate[] = "enumerate";
 static char __pyx_k__from_data[] = "from_data";
 static char __pyx_k__from_text[] = "from_text";
@@ -2925,11 +2929,11 @@ static char __pyx_k__getrusage[] = "getrusage";
 static char __pyx_k__increment[] = "increment";
 static char __pyx_k__iteritems[] = "iteritems";
 static char __pyx_k__itertools[] = "itertools";
+static char __pyx_k__min_bound[] = "min_bound";
 static char __pyx_k__paircount[] = "paircount";
 static char __pyx_k__partition[] = "partition";
 static char __pyx_k__reachable[] = "reachable";
 static char __pyx_k__read_text[] = "read_text";
-static char __pyx_k__span_flip[] = "span_flip";
 static char __pyx_k__use_index[] = "use_index";
 static char __pyx_k__IndexError[] = "IndexError";
 static char __pyx_k__alignments[] = "alignments";
@@ -2966,10 +2970,12 @@ static char __pyx_k__encode_words[] = "encode_words";
 static char __pyx_k__gzip_or_text[] = "gzip_or_text";
 static char __pyx_k__make_lattice[] = "make_lattice";
 static char __pyx_k__min_gap_size[] = "min_gap_size";
+static char __pyx_k__nt_collision[] = "nt_collision";
 static char __pyx_k__StopIteration[] = "StopIteration";
 static char __pyx_k__alphabet_size[] = "alphabet_size";
 static char __pyx_k__from_iterable[] = "from_iterable";
 static char __pyx_k__fsample_count[] = "fsample_count";
+static char __pyx_k__new_min_bound[] = "new_min_bound";
 static char __pyx_k__test_sentence[] = "test_sentence";
 static char __pyx_k__tight_phrases[] = "tight_phrases";
 static char __pyx_k__FeatureContext[] = "FeatureContext";
@@ -3032,7 +3038,7 @@ static PyObject *__pyx_kp_s_138;
 static PyObject *__pyx_kp_s_139;
 static PyObject *__pyx_kp_s_14;
 static PyObject *__pyx_kp_s_141;
-static PyObject *__pyx_kp_s_148;
+static PyObject *__pyx_kp_s_145;
 static PyObject *__pyx_kp_s_151;
 static PyObject *__pyx_kp_s_154;
 static PyObject *__pyx_kp_s_155;
@@ -3131,7 +3137,6 @@ static PyObject *__pyx_n_s__cmp;
 static PyObject *__pyx_n_s__col;
 static PyObject *__pyx_n_s__collect;
 static PyObject *__pyx_n_s__collections;
-static PyObject *__pyx_n_s__collision;
 static PyObject *__pyx_n_s__curr_idx;
 static PyObject *__pyx_n_s__debug;
 static PyObject *__pyx_n_s__decode_lattice;
@@ -3234,15 +3239,18 @@ static PyObject *__pyx_n_s__max_target_chunks;
 static PyObject *__pyx_n_s__max_target_length;
 static PyObject *__pyx_n_s__merge;
 static PyObject *__pyx_n_s__meta;
+static PyObject *__pyx_n_s__min_bound;
 static PyObject *__pyx_n_s__min_dist;
 static PyObject *__pyx_n_s__min_gap_size;
 static PyObject *__pyx_n_s__name;
 static PyObject *__pyx_n_s__namedtuple;
 static PyObject *__pyx_n_s__new_e_i;
 static PyObject *__pyx_n_s__new_e_j;
+static PyObject *__pyx_n_s__new_min_bound;
 static PyObject *__pyx_n_s__new_rule;
 static PyObject *__pyx_n_s__next_states;
 static PyObject *__pyx_n_s__nt;
+static PyObject *__pyx_n_s__nt_collision;
 static PyObject *__pyx_n_s__nt_open;
 static PyObject *__pyx_n_s__num_subpatterns;
 static PyObject *__pyx_n_s__offset;
@@ -3294,7 +3302,8 @@ static PyObject *__pyx_n_s__skip;
 static PyObject *__pyx_n_s__sorted;
 static PyObject *__pyx_n_s__source;
 static PyObject *__pyx_n_s__span_check;
-static PyObject *__pyx_n_s__span_flip;
+static PyObject *__pyx_n_s__span_dec;
+static PyObject *__pyx_n_s__span_inc;
 static PyObject *__pyx_n_s__spanlen;
 static PyObject *__pyx_n_s__split;
 static PyObject *__pyx_n_s__start;
@@ -3390,9 +3399,9 @@ static PyObject *__pyx_k_tuple_140;
 static PyObject *__pyx_k_tuple_142;
 static PyObject *__pyx_k_tuple_143;
 static PyObject *__pyx_k_tuple_144;
-static PyObject *__pyx_k_tuple_145;
 static PyObject *__pyx_k_tuple_146;
 static PyObject *__pyx_k_tuple_147;
+static PyObject *__pyx_k_tuple_148;
 static PyObject *__pyx_k_tuple_149;
 static PyObject *__pyx_k_tuple_150;
 static PyObject *__pyx_k_tuple_152;
@@ -3404,6 +3413,7 @@ static PyObject *__pyx_k_tuple_164;
 static PyObject *__pyx_k_tuple_166;
 static PyObject *__pyx_k_tuple_169;
 static PyObject *__pyx_k_tuple_171;
+static PyObject *__pyx_k_tuple_173;
 static PyObject *__pyx_k_codeobj_135;
 static PyObject *__pyx_k_codeobj_153;
 static PyObject *__pyx_k_codeobj_158;
@@ -3413,6 +3423,7 @@ static PyObject *__pyx_k_codeobj_165;
 static PyObject *__pyx_k_codeobj_167;
 static PyObject *__pyx_k_codeobj_170;
 static PyObject *__pyx_k_codeobj_172;
+static PyObject *__pyx_k_codeobj_174;
 
 /* "_sa.pyx":5
  * import gzip
@@ -56865,6 +56876,7 @@ static PyObject *__pyx_pw_3_sa_23HieroCachingRuleFactory_12add_instance_1extract
   PyObject *__pyx_v_f_j = 0;
   PyObject *__pyx_v_e_i = 0;
   PyObject *__pyx_v_e_j = 0;
+  PyObject *__pyx_v_min_bound = 0;
   PyObject *__pyx_v_wc = 0;
   PyObject *__pyx_v_links = 0;
   PyObject *__pyx_v_nt = 0;
@@ -56873,12 +56885,13 @@ static PyObject *__pyx_pw_3_sa_23HieroCachingRuleFactory_12add_instance_1extract
   __Pyx_RefNannyDeclarations
   __Pyx_RefNannySetupContext("extract (wrapper)", 0);
   {
-    static PyObject **__pyx_pyargnames[] = {&__pyx_n_s__f_i,&__pyx_n_s__f_j,&__pyx_n_s__e_i,&__pyx_n_s__e_j,&__pyx_n_s__wc,&__pyx_n_s__links,&__pyx_n_s__nt,&__pyx_n_s__nt_open,0};
-    PyObject* values[8] = {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0};
+    static PyObject **__pyx_pyargnames[] = {&__pyx_n_s__f_i,&__pyx_n_s__f_j,&__pyx_n_s__e_i,&__pyx_n_s__e_j,&__pyx_n_s__min_bound,&__pyx_n_s__wc,&__pyx_n_s__links,&__pyx_n_s__nt,&__pyx_n_s__nt_open,0};
+    PyObject* values[9] = {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0};
     if (unlikely(__pyx_kwds)) {
       Py_ssize_t kw_args;
       const Py_ssize_t pos_args = PyTuple_GET_SIZE(__pyx_args);
       switch (pos_args) {
+        case  9: values[8] = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(__pyx_args, 8);
         case  8: values[7] = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(__pyx_args, 7);
         case  7: values[6] = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(__pyx_args, 6);
         case  6: values[5] = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(__pyx_args, 5);
@@ -56898,43 +56911,48 @@ static PyObject *__pyx_pw_3_sa_23HieroCachingRuleFactory_12add_instance_1extract
         case  1:
         if (likely((values[1] = PyDict_GetItem(__pyx_kwds, __pyx_n_s__f_j)) != 0)) kw_args--;
         else {
-          __Pyx_RaiseArgtupleInvalid("extract", 1, 8, 8, 1); {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[8]; __pyx_lineno = 1850; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L3_error;}
+          __Pyx_RaiseArgtupleInvalid("extract", 1, 9, 9, 1); {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[8]; __pyx_lineno = 1856; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L3_error;}
         }
         case  2:
         if (likely((values[2] = PyDict_GetItem(__pyx_kwds, __pyx_n_s__e_i)) != 0)) kw_args--;
         else {
-          __Pyx_RaiseArgtupleInvalid("extract", 1, 8, 8, 2); {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[8]; __pyx_lineno = 1850; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L3_error;}
+          __Pyx_RaiseArgtupleInvalid("extract", 1, 9, 9, 2); {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[8]; __pyx_lineno = 1856; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L3_error;}
         }
         case  3:
         if (likely((values[3] = PyDict_GetItem(__pyx_kwds, __pyx_n_s__e_j)) != 0)) kw_args--;
         else {
-          __Pyx_RaiseArgtupleInvalid("extract", 1, 8, 8, 3); {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[8]; __pyx_lineno = 1850; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L3_error;}
+          __Pyx_RaiseArgtupleInvalid("extract", 1, 9, 9, 3); {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[8]; __pyx_lineno = 1856; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L3_error;}
         }
         case  4:
-        if (likely((values[4] = PyDict_GetItem(__pyx_kwds, __pyx_n_s__wc)) != 0)) kw_args--;
+        if (likely((values[4] = PyDict_GetItem(__pyx_kwds, __pyx_n_s__min_bound)) != 0)) kw_args--;
         else {
-          __Pyx_RaiseArgtupleInvalid("extract", 1, 8, 8, 4); {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[8]; __pyx_lineno = 1850; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L3_error;}
+          __Pyx_RaiseArgtupleInvalid("extract", 1, 9, 9, 4); {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[8]; __pyx_lineno = 1856; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L3_error;}
         }
         case  5:
-        if (likely((values[5] = PyDict_GetItem(__pyx_kwds, __pyx_n_s__links)) != 0)) kw_args--;
+        if (likely((values[5] = PyDict_GetItem(__pyx_kwds, __pyx_n_s__wc)) != 0)) kw_args--;
         else {
-          __Pyx_RaiseArgtupleInvalid("extract", 1, 8, 8, 5); {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[8]; __pyx_lineno = 1850; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L3_error;}
+          __Pyx_RaiseArgtupleInvalid("extract", 1, 9, 9, 5); {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[8]; __pyx_lineno = 1856; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L3_error;}
         }
         case  6:
-        if (likely((values[6] = PyDict_GetItem(__pyx_kwds, __pyx_n_s__nt)) != 0)) kw_args--;
+        if (likely((values[6] = PyDict_GetItem(__pyx_kwds, __pyx_n_s__links)) != 0)) kw_args--;
         else {
-          __Pyx_RaiseArgtupleInvalid("extract", 1, 8, 8, 6); {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[8]; __pyx_lineno = 1850; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L3_error;}
+          __Pyx_RaiseArgtupleInvalid("extract", 1, 9, 9, 6); {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[8]; __pyx_lineno = 1856; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L3_error;}
         }
         case  7:
-        if (likely((values[7] = PyDict_GetItem(__pyx_kwds, __pyx_n_s__nt_open)) != 0)) kw_args--;
+        if (likely((values[7] = PyDict_GetItem(__pyx_kwds, __pyx_n_s__nt)) != 0)) kw_args--;
+        else {
+          __Pyx_RaiseArgtupleInvalid("extract", 1, 9, 9, 7); {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[8]; __pyx_lineno = 1856; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L3_error;}
+        }
+        case  8:
+        if (likely((values[8] = PyDict_GetItem(__pyx_kwds, __pyx_n_s__nt_open)) != 0)) kw_args--;
         else {
-          __Pyx_RaiseArgtupleInvalid("extract", 1, 8, 8, 7); {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[8]; __pyx_lineno = 1850; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L3_error;}
+          __Pyx_RaiseArgtupleInvalid("extract", 1, 9, 9, 8); {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[8]; __pyx_lineno = 1856; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L3_error;}
         }
       }
       if (unlikely(kw_args > 0)) {
-        if (unlikely(__Pyx_ParseOptionalKeywords(__pyx_kwds, __pyx_pyargnames, 0, values, pos_args, "extract") < 0)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[8]; __pyx_lineno = 1850; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L3_error;}
+        if (unlikely(__Pyx_ParseOptionalKeywords(__pyx_kwds, __pyx_pyargnames, 0, values, pos_args, "extract") < 0)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[8]; __pyx_lineno = 1856; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L3_error;}
       }
-    } else if (PyTuple_GET_SIZE(__pyx_args) != 8) {
+    } else if (PyTuple_GET_SIZE(__pyx_args) != 9) {
       goto __pyx_L5_argtuple_error;
     } else {
       values[0] = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(__pyx_args, 0);
@@ -56945,47 +56963,51 @@ static PyObject *__pyx_pw_3_sa_23HieroCachingRuleFactory_12add_instance_1extract
       values[5] = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(__pyx_args, 5);
       values[6] = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(__pyx_args, 6);
       values[7] = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(__pyx_args, 7);
+      values[8] = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(__pyx_args, 8);
     }
     __pyx_v_f_i = values[0];
     __pyx_v_f_j = values[1];
     __pyx_v_e_i = values[2];
     __pyx_v_e_j = values[3];
-    __pyx_v_wc = values[4];
-    __pyx_v_links = values[5];
-    __pyx_v_nt = values[6];
-    __pyx_v_nt_open = values[7];
+    __pyx_v_min_bound = values[4];
+    __pyx_v_wc = values[5];
+    __pyx_v_links = values[6];
+    __pyx_v_nt = values[7];
+    __pyx_v_nt_open = values[8];
   }
   goto __pyx_L4_argument_unpacking_done;
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-  __Pyx_RaiseArgtupleInvalid("extract", 1, 8, 8, PyTuple_GET_SIZE(__pyx_args)); {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[8]; __pyx_lineno = 1850; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L3_error;}
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-      /* "/home/m/workspace/cdec/python/src/sa/rulefactory.pxi":1861
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-      PyTuple_SET_ITEM(__pyx_t_9, 5, __pyx_v_links);
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       __Pyx_INCREF(__pyx_v_nt);
-      PyTuple_SET_ITEM(__pyx_t_9, 6, __pyx_v_nt);
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-      PyTuple_SET_ITEM(__pyx_t_9, 7, __pyx_t_2);
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+      __pyx_t_2 = PyObject_Call(__pyx_cur_scope->__pyx_v_extract, ((PyObject *)__pyx_t_9), NULL); if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_2)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[8]; __pyx_lineno = 1870; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
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-    /* "/home/m/workspace/cdec/python/src/sa/rulefactory.pxi":1865
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-  /* "/home/m/workspace/cdec/python/src/sa/rulefactory.pxi":1867
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  *                 return
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- *             link_j = al_span[f_j][1]
+ *             link_i = fe_span[f_j][0]             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
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-  if (unlikely(!__pyx_cur_scope->__pyx_v_al_span)) { __Pyx_RaiseClosureNameError("al_span"); {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[8]; __pyx_lineno = 1867; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;} }
-  __pyx_t_2 = PyObject_GetItem(__pyx_cur_scope->__pyx_v_al_span, __pyx_v_f_j); if (!__pyx_t_2) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[8]; __pyx_lineno = 1867; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
+  if (unlikely(!__pyx_cur_scope->__pyx_v_fe_span)) { __Pyx_RaiseClosureNameError("fe_span"); {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[8]; __pyx_lineno = 1873; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;} }
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-  __pyx_t_9 = __Pyx_GetItemInt(__pyx_t_2, 0, sizeof(long), PyInt_FromLong); if (!__pyx_t_9) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[8]; __pyx_lineno = 1867; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
+  __pyx_t_9 = __Pyx_GetItemInt(__pyx_t_2, 0, sizeof(long), PyInt_FromLong); if (!__pyx_t_9) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[8]; __pyx_lineno = 1873; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
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-  /* "/home/m/workspace/cdec/python/src/sa/rulefactory.pxi":1868
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+  __pyx_t_2 = __Pyx_GetItemInt(__pyx_t_9, 1, sizeof(long), PyInt_FromLong); if (!__pyx_t_2) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[8]; __pyx_lineno = 1874; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
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+  /* "/home/m/workspace/cdec/python/src/sa/rulefactory.pxi":1875
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+  __pyx_t_4 = PyObject_RichCompare(__pyx_t_2, __pyx_t_9, Py_LT); __Pyx_XGOTREF(__pyx_t_4); if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_4)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[8]; __pyx_lineno = 1875; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
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-  /* "/home/m/workspace/cdec/python/src/sa/rulefactory.pxi":1960
+  /* "/home/m/workspace/cdec/python/src/sa/rulefactory.pxi":2000
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-  /* "/home/m/workspace/cdec/python/src/sa/rulefactory.pxi":1961
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-    /* "/home/m/workspace/cdec/python/src/sa/rulefactory.pxi":1967
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-    __Pyx_GOTREF(__pyx_t_6);
-    __pyx_t_5 = Py_TYPE(__pyx_t_6)->tp_iternext;
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-    /* "/home/m/workspace/cdec/python/src/sa/rulefactory.pxi":1970
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-    /* "/home/m/workspace/cdec/python/src/sa/rulefactory.pxi":1976
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-    /* "/home/m/workspace/cdec/python/src/sa/rulefactory.pxi":1977
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-    /* "/home/m/workspace/cdec/python/src/sa/rulefactory.pxi":1978
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-    /* "/home/m/workspace/cdec/python/src/sa/rulefactory.pxi":1988
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-  __Pyx_DECREF(__pyx_t_6); __pyx_t_6 = 0;
+  __Pyx_DECREF(__pyx_t_4); __pyx_t_4 = 0;
 
-  /* "/home/m/workspace/cdec/python/src/sa/rulefactory.pxi":1989
+  /* "/home/m/workspace/cdec/python/src/sa/rulefactory.pxi":2029
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-    __pyx_t_6 = __pyx_cur_scope->__pyx_v_f_words; __Pyx_INCREF(__pyx_t_6); __pyx_t_2 = 0;
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-    __Pyx_GOTREF(__pyx_t_6);
-    __pyx_t_5 = Py_TYPE(__pyx_t_6)->tp_iternext;
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+    __Pyx_GOTREF(__pyx_t_4);
+    __pyx_t_5 = Py_TYPE(__pyx_t_4)->tp_iternext;
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-    if (!__pyx_t_5 && PyList_CheckExact(__pyx_t_6)) {
-      if (__pyx_t_2 >= PyList_GET_SIZE(__pyx_t_6)) break;
+    if (!__pyx_t_5 && PyList_CheckExact(__pyx_t_4)) {
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-    } else if (!__pyx_t_5 && PyTuple_CheckExact(__pyx_t_6)) {
-      if (__pyx_t_2 >= PyTuple_GET_SIZE(__pyx_t_6)) break;
+    } else if (!__pyx_t_5 && PyTuple_CheckExact(__pyx_t_4)) {
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+      __pyx_t_7 = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(__pyx_t_4, __pyx_t_2); __Pyx_INCREF(__pyx_t_7); __pyx_t_2++; if (unlikely(0 < 0)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[8]; __pyx_lineno = 2029; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
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       #endif
     } else {
-      __pyx_t_7 = __pyx_t_5(__pyx_t_6);
+      __pyx_t_7 = __pyx_t_5(__pyx_t_4);
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-          else {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[8]; __pyx_lineno = 1989; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
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     __pyx_t_7 = 0;
 
-    /* "/home/m/workspace/cdec/python/src/sa/rulefactory.pxi":1990
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-    __Pyx_GOTREF(__pyx_t_4);
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-    __Pyx_DECREF(__pyx_t_4); __pyx_t_4 = 0;
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-    /* "/home/m/workspace/cdec/python/src/sa/rulefactory.pxi":1991
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+      __pyx_t_13 = -1; __pyx_t_7 = PyObject_GetIter(__pyx_cur_scope->__pyx_v_e_words); if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_7)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[8]; __pyx_lineno = 2031; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
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+        __pyx_t_1 = PyList_GET_ITEM(__pyx_t_7, __pyx_t_13); __Pyx_INCREF(__pyx_t_1); __pyx_t_13++; if (unlikely(0 < 0)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[8]; __pyx_lineno = 2031; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
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+        __pyx_t_1 = PySequence_ITEM(__pyx_t_7, __pyx_t_13); __pyx_t_13++; if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_1)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[8]; __pyx_lineno = 2031; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
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-            else {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[8]; __pyx_lineno = 1991; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
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+      __pyx_t_6 = __pyx_v_e_w;
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-  __Pyx_DECREF(__pyx_t_6); __pyx_t_6 = 0;
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   __Pyx_XDECREF(__pyx_v_e);
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+      __pyx_t_4 = PySequence_ITEM(__pyx_t_1, __pyx_t_2); __pyx_t_2++; if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_4)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[8]; __pyx_lineno = 2131; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
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+      __pyx_t_4 = PySequence_ITEM(__pyx_t_1, __pyx_t_2); __pyx_t_2++; if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_4)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[8]; __pyx_lineno = 2131; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
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-          else {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[8]; __pyx_lineno = 2089; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
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@@ -62474,7 +62883,7 @@ static PyObject *__pyx_gb_3_sa_23HieroCachingRuleFactory_8new_rule_2generator14(
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-        {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[8]; __pyx_lineno = 2089; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
+        {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[8]; __pyx_lineno = 2131; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
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@@ -62487,14 +62896,14 @@ static PyObject *__pyx_gb_3_sa_23HieroCachingRuleFactory_8new_rule_2generator14(
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+      __pyx_t_5 = PySequence_ITEM(sequence, 0); if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_5)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[8]; __pyx_lineno = 2131; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
+      __pyx_t_6 = PySequence_ITEM(sequence, 1); if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_6)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[8]; __pyx_lineno = 2131; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
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+      __pyx_t_7 = PyObject_GetIter(__pyx_t_4); if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_7)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[8]; __pyx_lineno = 2131; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
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@@ -62502,7 +62911,7 @@ static PyObject *__pyx_gb_3_sa_23HieroCachingRuleFactory_8new_rule_2generator14(
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+      if (__Pyx_IternextUnpackEndCheck(__pyx_t_8(__pyx_t_7), 2) < 0) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[8]; __pyx_lineno = 2131; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
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@@ -62510,7 +62919,7 @@ static PyObject *__pyx_gb_3_sa_23HieroCachingRuleFactory_8new_rule_2generator14(
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-      {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[8]; __pyx_lineno = 2089; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
+      {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[8]; __pyx_lineno = 2131; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
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@@ -62523,10 +62932,10 @@ static PyObject *__pyx_gb_3_sa_23HieroCachingRuleFactory_8new_rule_2generator14(
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-    if (unlikely(!__pyx_cur_scope->__pyx_outer_scope->__pyx_v_self)) { __Pyx_RaiseClosureNameError("self"); {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[8]; __pyx_lineno = 2089; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;} }
-    __pyx_t_9 = __Pyx_PyInt_AsInt(__pyx_cur_scope->__pyx_v_i); if (unlikely((__pyx_t_9 == (int)-1) && PyErr_Occurred())) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[8]; __pyx_lineno = 2089; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
-    __pyx_t_10 = __Pyx_PyInt_AsInt(__pyx_cur_scope->__pyx_v_j); if (unlikely((__pyx_t_10 == (int)-1) && PyErr_Occurred())) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[8]; __pyx_lineno = 2089; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
-    __pyx_t_4 = PyInt_FromLong(((struct __pyx_vtabstruct_3_sa_Alignment *)__pyx_cur_scope->__pyx_outer_scope->__pyx_v_self->alignment->__pyx_vtab)->link(__pyx_cur_scope->__pyx_outer_scope->__pyx_v_self->alignment, __pyx_t_9, __pyx_t_10)); if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_4)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[8]; __pyx_lineno = 2089; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
+    if (unlikely(!__pyx_cur_scope->__pyx_outer_scope->__pyx_v_self)) { __Pyx_RaiseClosureNameError("self"); {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[8]; __pyx_lineno = 2131; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;} }
+    __pyx_t_9 = __Pyx_PyInt_AsInt(__pyx_cur_scope->__pyx_v_i); if (unlikely((__pyx_t_9 == (int)-1) && PyErr_Occurred())) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[8]; __pyx_lineno = 2131; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
+    __pyx_t_10 = __Pyx_PyInt_AsInt(__pyx_cur_scope->__pyx_v_j); if (unlikely((__pyx_t_10 == (int)-1) && PyErr_Occurred())) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[8]; __pyx_lineno = 2131; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
+    __pyx_t_4 = PyInt_FromLong(((struct __pyx_vtabstruct_3_sa_Alignment *)__pyx_cur_scope->__pyx_outer_scope->__pyx_v_self->alignment->__pyx_vtab)->link(__pyx_cur_scope->__pyx_outer_scope->__pyx_v_self->alignment, __pyx_t_9, __pyx_t_10)); if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_4)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[8]; __pyx_lineno = 2131; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
     __Pyx_GOTREF(__pyx_t_4);
     __pyx_r = __pyx_t_4;
     __pyx_t_4 = 0;
@@ -62545,7 +62954,7 @@ static PyObject *__pyx_gb_3_sa_23HieroCachingRuleFactory_8new_rule_2generator14(
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     __pyx_t_2 = __pyx_cur_scope->__pyx_t_1;
     __pyx_t_3 = __pyx_cur_scope->__pyx_t_2;
-    if (unlikely(!__pyx_sent_value)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[8]; __pyx_lineno = 2089; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
+    if (unlikely(!__pyx_sent_value)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[8]; __pyx_lineno = 2131; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
   }
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@@ -62565,7 +62974,7 @@ static PyObject *__pyx_gb_3_sa_23HieroCachingRuleFactory_8new_rule_2generator14(
   return NULL;
 }
 
-/* "/home/m/workspace/cdec/python/src/sa/rulefactory.pxi":2086
+/* "/home/m/workspace/cdec/python/src/sa/rulefactory.pxi":2128
  *         return rules
  * 
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@@ -62599,63 +63008,63 @@ static PyObject *__pyx_pf_3_sa_23HieroCachingRuleFactory_29new_rule(struct __pyx
   __Pyx_INCREF(__pyx_cur_scope->__pyx_v_links);
   __Pyx_GIVEREF(__pyx_cur_scope->__pyx_v_links);
 
-  /* "/home/m/workspace/cdec/python/src/sa/rulefactory.pxi":2087
+  /* "/home/m/workspace/cdec/python/src/sa/rulefactory.pxi":2129
  * 
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-  __pyx_t_1 = PyTuple_New(1); if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_1)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[8]; __pyx_lineno = 2087; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
+  __pyx_t_1 = PyTuple_New(1); if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_1)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[8]; __pyx_lineno = 2129; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
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   __Pyx_INCREF(__pyx_v_f_sym);
   PyTuple_SET_ITEM(__pyx_t_1, 0, __pyx_v_f_sym);
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-  __pyx_t_2 = PyObject_Call(((PyObject *)((PyObject*)__pyx_ptype_3_sa_Phrase)), ((PyObject *)__pyx_t_1), NULL); if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_2)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[8]; __pyx_lineno = 2087; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
+  __pyx_t_2 = PyObject_Call(((PyObject *)((PyObject*)__pyx_ptype_3_sa_Phrase)), ((PyObject *)__pyx_t_1), NULL); if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_2)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[8]; __pyx_lineno = 2129; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
   __Pyx_GOTREF(__pyx_t_2);
   __Pyx_DECREF(((PyObject *)__pyx_t_1)); __pyx_t_1 = 0;
   __pyx_v_f = ((struct __pyx_obj_3_sa_Phrase *)__pyx_t_2);
   __pyx_t_2 = 0;
 
-  /* "/home/m/workspace/cdec/python/src/sa/rulefactory.pxi":2088
+  /* "/home/m/workspace/cdec/python/src/sa/rulefactory.pxi":2130
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-  __pyx_t_2 = PyTuple_New(1); if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_2)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[8]; __pyx_lineno = 2088; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
+  __pyx_t_2 = PyTuple_New(1); if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_2)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[8]; __pyx_lineno = 2130; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
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+  __pyx_t_1 = PyObject_Call(((PyObject *)((PyObject*)__pyx_ptype_3_sa_Phrase)), ((PyObject *)__pyx_t_2), NULL); if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_1)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[8]; __pyx_lineno = 2130; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
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   __pyx_t_1 = 0;
 
-  /* "/home/m/workspace/cdec/python/src/sa/rulefactory.pxi":2089
+  /* "/home/m/workspace/cdec/python/src/sa/rulefactory.pxi":2131
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-  __pyx_t_1 = __pyx_pf_3_sa_23HieroCachingRuleFactory_8new_rule_genexpr(((PyObject*)__pyx_cur_scope)); if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_1)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[8]; __pyx_lineno = 2089; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
+  __pyx_t_1 = __pyx_pf_3_sa_23HieroCachingRuleFactory_8new_rule_genexpr(((PyObject*)__pyx_cur_scope)); if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_1)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[8]; __pyx_lineno = 2131; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
   __Pyx_GOTREF(__pyx_t_1);
-  __pyx_t_2 = PyTuple_New(1); if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_2)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[8]; __pyx_lineno = 2089; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
+  __pyx_t_2 = PyTuple_New(1); if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_2)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[8]; __pyx_lineno = 2131; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
   __Pyx_GOTREF(__pyx_t_2);
   PyTuple_SET_ITEM(__pyx_t_2, 0, __pyx_t_1);
   __Pyx_GIVEREF(__pyx_t_1);
   __pyx_t_1 = 0;
-  __pyx_t_1 = PyObject_Call(((PyObject *)((PyObject*)(&PyTuple_Type))), ((PyObject *)__pyx_t_2), NULL); if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_1)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[8]; __pyx_lineno = 2089; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
+  __pyx_t_1 = PyObject_Call(((PyObject *)((PyObject*)(&PyTuple_Type))), ((PyObject *)__pyx_t_2), NULL); if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_1)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[8]; __pyx_lineno = 2131; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
   __Pyx_GOTREF(__pyx_t_1);
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-  /* "/home/m/workspace/cdec/python/src/sa/rulefactory.pxi":2090
+  /* "/home/m/workspace/cdec/python/src/sa/rulefactory.pxi":2132
  *         e = Phrase(e_sym)
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   __Pyx_XDECREF(__pyx_r);
-  __pyx_t_1 = PyTuple_New(3); if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_1)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[8]; __pyx_lineno = 2090; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
+  __pyx_t_1 = PyTuple_New(3); if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_1)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[8]; __pyx_lineno = 2132; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
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   __Pyx_INCREF(((PyObject *)__pyx_v_f));
   PyTuple_SET_ITEM(__pyx_t_1, 0, ((PyObject *)__pyx_v_f));
@@ -62725,16 +63134,16 @@ static PyObject *__pyx_pw_3_sa_23HieroCachingRuleFactory_32fmt_rule(PyObject *__
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         else {
-          __Pyx_RaiseArgtupleInvalid("fmt_rule", 1, 3, 3, 1); {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[8]; __pyx_lineno = 2092; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L3_error;}
+          __Pyx_RaiseArgtupleInvalid("fmt_rule", 1, 3, 3, 1); {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[8]; __pyx_lineno = 2134; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L3_error;}
         }
         case  2:
         if (likely((values[2] = PyDict_GetItem(__pyx_kwds, __pyx_n_s__a)) != 0)) kw_args--;
         else {
-          __Pyx_RaiseArgtupleInvalid("fmt_rule", 1, 3, 3, 2); {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[8]; __pyx_lineno = 2092; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L3_error;}
+          __Pyx_RaiseArgtupleInvalid("fmt_rule", 1, 3, 3, 2); {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[8]; __pyx_lineno = 2134; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L3_error;}
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       if (unlikely(kw_args > 0)) {
-        if (unlikely(__Pyx_ParseOptionalKeywords(__pyx_kwds, __pyx_pyargnames, 0, values, pos_args, "fmt_rule") < 0)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[8]; __pyx_lineno = 2092; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L3_error;}
+        if (unlikely(__Pyx_ParseOptionalKeywords(__pyx_kwds, __pyx_pyargnames, 0, values, pos_args, "fmt_rule") < 0)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[8]; __pyx_lineno = 2134; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L3_error;}
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@@ -62749,7 +63158,7 @@ static PyObject *__pyx_pw_3_sa_23HieroCachingRuleFactory_32fmt_rule(PyObject *__
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   __pyx_L5_argtuple_error:;
-  __Pyx_RaiseArgtupleInvalid("fmt_rule", 1, 3, 3, PyTuple_GET_SIZE(__pyx_args)); {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[8]; __pyx_lineno = 2092; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L3_error;}
+  __Pyx_RaiseArgtupleInvalid("fmt_rule", 1, 3, 3, PyTuple_GET_SIZE(__pyx_args)); {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[8]; __pyx_lineno = 2134; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L3_error;}
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@@ -62761,7 +63170,7 @@ static PyObject *__pyx_pw_3_sa_23HieroCachingRuleFactory_32fmt_rule(PyObject *__
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 static PyObject *__pyx_gb_3_sa_23HieroCachingRuleFactory_8fmt_rule_2generator15(__pyx_GeneratorObject *__pyx_generator, PyObject *__pyx_sent_value); /* proto */
 
-/* "/home/m/workspace/cdec/python/src/sa/rulefactory.pxi":2093
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+    e = (*v)(p->__pyx_v_ef_span, a); if (e) return e;
+  }
   if (p->__pyx_v_extract) {
     e = (*v)(p->__pyx_v_extract, a); if (e) return e;
   }
@@ -75148,6 +75745,9 @@ static int __pyx_tp_traverse_3_sa___pyx_scope_struct_20_add_instance(PyObject *o
   if (p->__pyx_v_f_words) {
     e = (*v)(p->__pyx_v_f_words, a); if (e) return e;
   }
+  if (p->__pyx_v_fe_span) {
+    e = (*v)(p->__pyx_v_fe_span, a); if (e) return e;
+  }
   if (p->__pyx_v_rules) {
     e = (*v)(p->__pyx_v_rules, a); if (e) return e;
   }
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   tmp = ((PyObject*)p->__pyx_v_al);
   p->__pyx_v_al = Py_None; Py_INCREF(Py_None);
   Py_XDECREF(tmp);
-  tmp = ((PyObject*)p->__pyx_v_al_span);
-  p->__pyx_v_al_span = Py_None; Py_INCREF(Py_None);
-  Py_XDECREF(tmp);
   tmp = ((PyObject*)p->__pyx_v_cover);
   p->__pyx_v_cover = Py_None; Py_INCREF(Py_None);
   Py_XDECREF(tmp);
+  tmp = ((PyObject*)p->__pyx_v_e_nt_cover);
+  p->__pyx_v_e_nt_cover = Py_None; Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+  Py_XDECREF(tmp);
   tmp = ((PyObject*)p->__pyx_v_e_words);
   p->__pyx_v_e_words = Py_None; Py_INCREF(Py_None);
   Py_XDECREF(tmp);
+  tmp = ((PyObject*)p->__pyx_v_ef_span);
+  p->__pyx_v_ef_span = Py_None; Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+  Py_XDECREF(tmp);
   tmp = ((PyObject*)p->__pyx_v_extract);
   p->__pyx_v_extract = Py_None; Py_INCREF(Py_None);
   Py_XDECREF(tmp);
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   tmp = ((PyObject*)p->__pyx_v_f_words);
   p->__pyx_v_f_words = Py_None; Py_INCREF(Py_None);
   Py_XDECREF(tmp);
+  tmp = ((PyObject*)p->__pyx_v_fe_span);
+  p->__pyx_v_fe_span = Py_None; Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+  Py_XDECREF(tmp);
   tmp = ((PyObject*)p->__pyx_v_rules);
   p->__pyx_v_rules = Py_None; Py_INCREF(Py_None);
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   {&__pyx_kp_s_141, __pyx_k_141, sizeof(__pyx_k_141), 0, 0, 1, 0},
-  {&__pyx_kp_s_148, __pyx_k_148, sizeof(__pyx_k_148), 0, 0, 1, 0},
+  {&__pyx_kp_s_145, __pyx_k_145, sizeof(__pyx_k_145), 0, 0, 1, 0},
   {&__pyx_kp_s_151, __pyx_k_151, sizeof(__pyx_k_151), 0, 0, 1, 0},
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   {&__pyx_kp_s_155, __pyx_k_155, sizeof(__pyx_k_155), 0, 0, 1, 0},
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   {&__pyx_n_s__collections, __pyx_k__collections, sizeof(__pyx_k__collections), 0, 0, 1, 1},
-  {&__pyx_n_s__collision, __pyx_k__collision, sizeof(__pyx_k__collision), 0, 0, 1, 1},
   {&__pyx_n_s__curr_idx, __pyx_k__curr_idx, sizeof(__pyx_k__curr_idx), 0, 0, 1, 1},
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   {&__pyx_n_s__decode_lattice, __pyx_k__decode_lattice, sizeof(__pyx_k__decode_lattice), 0, 0, 1, 1},
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   {&__pyx_n_s__meta, __pyx_k__meta, sizeof(__pyx_k__meta), 0, 0, 1, 1},
+  {&__pyx_n_s__min_bound, __pyx_k__min_bound, sizeof(__pyx_k__min_bound), 0, 0, 1, 1},
   {&__pyx_n_s__min_dist, __pyx_k__min_dist, sizeof(__pyx_k__min_dist), 0, 0, 1, 1},
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   {&__pyx_n_s__namedtuple, __pyx_k__namedtuple, sizeof(__pyx_k__namedtuple), 0, 0, 1, 1},
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   {&__pyx_n_s__new_e_j, __pyx_k__new_e_j, sizeof(__pyx_k__new_e_j), 0, 0, 1, 1},
+  {&__pyx_n_s__new_min_bound, __pyx_k__new_min_bound, sizeof(__pyx_k__new_min_bound), 0, 0, 1, 1},
   {&__pyx_n_s__new_rule, __pyx_k__new_rule, sizeof(__pyx_k__new_rule), 0, 0, 1, 1},
   {&__pyx_n_s__next_states, __pyx_k__next_states, sizeof(__pyx_k__next_states), 0, 0, 1, 1},
   {&__pyx_n_s__nt, __pyx_k__nt, sizeof(__pyx_k__nt), 0, 0, 1, 1},
+  {&__pyx_n_s__nt_collision, __pyx_k__nt_collision, sizeof(__pyx_k__nt_collision), 0, 0, 1, 1},
   {&__pyx_n_s__nt_open, __pyx_k__nt_open, sizeof(__pyx_k__nt_open), 0, 0, 1, 1},
   {&__pyx_n_s__num_subpatterns, __pyx_k__num_subpatterns, sizeof(__pyx_k__num_subpatterns), 0, 0, 1, 1},
   {&__pyx_n_s__offset, __pyx_k__offset, sizeof(__pyx_k__offset), 0, 0, 1, 1},
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   {&__pyx_n_s__span_check, __pyx_k__span_check, sizeof(__pyx_k__span_check), 0, 0, 1, 1},
-  {&__pyx_n_s__span_flip, __pyx_k__span_flip, sizeof(__pyx_k__span_flip), 0, 0, 1, 1},
+  {&__pyx_n_s__span_dec, __pyx_k__span_dec, sizeof(__pyx_k__span_dec), 0, 0, 1, 1},
+  {&__pyx_n_s__span_inc, __pyx_k__span_inc, sizeof(__pyx_k__span_inc), 0, 0, 1, 1},
   {&__pyx_n_s__spanlen, __pyx_k__spanlen, sizeof(__pyx_k__spanlen), 0, 0, 1, 1},
   {&__pyx_n_s__split, __pyx_k__split, sizeof(__pyx_k__split), 0, 0, 1, 1},
   {&__pyx_n_s__start, __pyx_k__start, sizeof(__pyx_k__start), 0, 0, 1, 1},
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   __Pyx_GIVEREF(((PyObject *)__pyx_k_tuple_122));
 
-  /* "/home/m/workspace/cdec/python/src/sa/rulefactory.pxi":1850
+  /* "/home/m/workspace/cdec/python/src/sa/rulefactory.pxi":1856
  *         # Extract all possible hierarchical phrases starting at a source index
  *         # f_ i and j are current, e_ i and j are previous
- *         def extract(f_i, f_j, e_i, e_j, wc, links, nt, nt_open):             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
+ *         def extract(f_i, f_j, e_i, e_j, min_bound, wc, links, nt, nt_open):             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
  *             # Phrase extraction limits
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-  __pyx_k_tuple_134 = PyTuple_New(17); if (unlikely(!__pyx_k_tuple_134)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[8]; __pyx_lineno = 1850; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
+  __pyx_k_tuple_134 = PyTuple_New(20); if (unlikely(!__pyx_k_tuple_134)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[8]; __pyx_lineno = 1856; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
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   PyTuple_SET_ITEM(__pyx_k_tuple_134, 0, ((PyObject *)__pyx_n_s__f_i));
@@ -77904,172 +78513,181 @@ static int __Pyx_InitCachedConstants(void) {
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   __Pyx_GIVEREF(((PyObject *)__pyx_n_s__e_j));
+  __Pyx_INCREF(((PyObject *)__pyx_n_s__min_bound));
+  PyTuple_SET_ITEM(__pyx_k_tuple_134, 4, ((PyObject *)__pyx_n_s__min_bound));
+  __Pyx_GIVEREF(((PyObject *)__pyx_n_s__min_bound));
   __Pyx_INCREF(((PyObject *)__pyx_n_s__wc));
-  PyTuple_SET_ITEM(__pyx_k_tuple_134, 4, ((PyObject *)__pyx_n_s__wc));
+  PyTuple_SET_ITEM(__pyx_k_tuple_134, 5, ((PyObject *)__pyx_n_s__wc));
   __Pyx_GIVEREF(((PyObject *)__pyx_n_s__wc));
   __Pyx_INCREF(((PyObject *)__pyx_n_s__links));
-  PyTuple_SET_ITEM(__pyx_k_tuple_134, 5, ((PyObject *)__pyx_n_s__links));
+  PyTuple_SET_ITEM(__pyx_k_tuple_134, 6, ((PyObject *)__pyx_n_s__links));
   __Pyx_GIVEREF(((PyObject *)__pyx_n_s__links));
   __Pyx_INCREF(((PyObject *)__pyx_n_s__nt));
-  PyTuple_SET_ITEM(__pyx_k_tuple_134, 6, ((PyObject *)__pyx_n_s__nt));
+  PyTuple_SET_ITEM(__pyx_k_tuple_134, 7, ((PyObject *)__pyx_n_s__nt));
   __Pyx_GIVEREF(((PyObject *)__pyx_n_s__nt));
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-  PyTuple_SET_ITEM(__pyx_k_tuple_134, 7, ((PyObject *)__pyx_n_s__nt_open));
+  PyTuple_SET_ITEM(__pyx_k_tuple_134, 8, ((PyObject *)__pyx_n_s__nt_open));
   __Pyx_GIVEREF(((PyObject *)__pyx_n_s__nt_open));
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-  PyTuple_SET_ITEM(__pyx_k_tuple_134, 8, ((PyObject *)__pyx_n_s__link_i));
+  PyTuple_SET_ITEM(__pyx_k_tuple_134, 9, ((PyObject *)__pyx_n_s__link_i));
   __Pyx_GIVEREF(((PyObject *)__pyx_n_s__link_i));
   __Pyx_INCREF(((PyObject *)__pyx_n_s__link_j));
-  PyTuple_SET_ITEM(__pyx_k_tuple_134, 9, ((PyObject *)__pyx_n_s__link_j));
+  PyTuple_SET_ITEM(__pyx_k_tuple_134, 10, ((PyObject *)__pyx_n_s__link_j));
   __Pyx_GIVEREF(((PyObject *)__pyx_n_s__link_j));
   __Pyx_INCREF(((PyObject *)__pyx_n_s__new_e_i));
-  PyTuple_SET_ITEM(__pyx_k_tuple_134, 10, ((PyObject *)__pyx_n_s__new_e_i));
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-  PyTuple_SET_ITEM(__pyx_k_tuple_134, 11, ((PyObject *)__pyx_n_s__new_e_j));
+  PyTuple_SET_ITEM(__pyx_k_tuple_134, 12, ((PyObject *)__pyx_n_s__new_e_j));
   __Pyx_GIVEREF(((PyObject *)__pyx_n_s__new_e_j));
+  __Pyx_INCREF(((PyObject *)__pyx_n_s__new_min_bound));
+  PyTuple_SET_ITEM(__pyx_k_tuple_134, 13, ((PyObject *)__pyx_n_s__new_min_bound));
+  __Pyx_GIVEREF(((PyObject *)__pyx_n_s__new_min_bound));
+  __Pyx_INCREF(((PyObject *)__pyx_n_s__i));
+  PyTuple_SET_ITEM(__pyx_k_tuple_134, 14, ((PyObject *)__pyx_n_s__i));
+  __Pyx_GIVEREF(((PyObject *)__pyx_n_s__i));
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-  PyTuple_SET_ITEM(__pyx_k_tuple_134, 12, ((PyObject *)__pyx_n_s__old_last_nt));
+  PyTuple_SET_ITEM(__pyx_k_tuple_134, 15, ((PyObject *)__pyx_n_s__old_last_nt));
   __Pyx_GIVEREF(((PyObject *)__pyx_n_s__old_last_nt));
   __Pyx_INCREF(((PyObject *)__pyx_n_s__rule));
-  PyTuple_SET_ITEM(__pyx_k_tuple_134, 13, ((PyObject *)__pyx_n_s__rule));
+  PyTuple_SET_ITEM(__pyx_k_tuple_134, 16, ((PyObject *)__pyx_n_s__rule));
   __Pyx_GIVEREF(((PyObject *)__pyx_n_s__rule));
-  __Pyx_INCREF(((PyObject *)__pyx_n_s__collision));
-  PyTuple_SET_ITEM(__pyx_k_tuple_134, 14, ((PyObject *)__pyx_n_s__collision));
-  __Pyx_GIVEREF(((PyObject *)__pyx_n_s__collision));
+  __Pyx_INCREF(((PyObject *)__pyx_n_s__nt_collision));
+  PyTuple_SET_ITEM(__pyx_k_tuple_134, 17, ((PyObject *)__pyx_n_s__nt_collision));
+  __Pyx_GIVEREF(((PyObject *)__pyx_n_s__nt_collision));
   __Pyx_INCREF(((PyObject *)__pyx_n_s__link));
-  PyTuple_SET_ITEM(__pyx_k_tuple_134, 15, ((PyObject *)__pyx_n_s__link));
+  PyTuple_SET_ITEM(__pyx_k_tuple_134, 18, ((PyObject *)__pyx_n_s__link));
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-  PyTuple_SET_ITEM(__pyx_k_tuple_134, 16, ((PyObject *)__pyx_n_s__plus_links));
+  PyTuple_SET_ITEM(__pyx_k_tuple_134, 19, ((PyObject *)__pyx_n_s__plus_links));
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+  __pyx_k_codeobj_135 = (PyObject*)__Pyx_PyCode_New(9, 0, 20, 0, 0, __pyx_empty_bytes, __pyx_empty_tuple, __pyx_empty_tuple, __pyx_k_tuple_134, __pyx_empty_tuple, __pyx_empty_tuple, __pyx_kp_s_136, __pyx_n_s__extract, 1856, __pyx_empty_bytes); if (unlikely(!__pyx_k_codeobj_135)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[8]; __pyx_lineno = 1856; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
 
-  /* "/home/m/workspace/cdec/python/src/sa/rulefactory.pxi":2098
+  /* "/home/m/workspace/cdec/python/src/sa/rulefactory.pxi":2140
  *     # Debugging
  *     def dump_online_stats(self):
  *         logger.info('------------------------------')             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
  *         logger.info('         Online Stats         ')
  *         logger.info('------------------------------')
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-  __pyx_k_tuple_140 = PyTuple_New(1); if (unlikely(!__pyx_k_tuple_140)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[8]; __pyx_lineno = 2098; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
+  __pyx_k_tuple_140 = PyTuple_New(1); if (unlikely(!__pyx_k_tuple_140)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[8]; __pyx_lineno = 2140; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
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   __Pyx_GIVEREF(((PyObject *)__pyx_kp_s_139));
   __Pyx_GIVEREF(((PyObject *)__pyx_k_tuple_140));
 
-  /* "/home/m/workspace/cdec/python/src/sa/rulefactory.pxi":2099
+  /* "/home/m/workspace/cdec/python/src/sa/rulefactory.pxi":2141
  *     def dump_online_stats(self):
  *         logger.info('------------------------------')
  *         logger.info('         Online Stats         ')             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
  *         logger.info('------------------------------')
- *         logger.info('F')
+ *         logger.info('f')
  */
-  __pyx_k_tuple_142 = PyTuple_New(1); if (unlikely(!__pyx_k_tuple_142)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[8]; __pyx_lineno = 2099; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
+  __pyx_k_tuple_142 = PyTuple_New(1); if (unlikely(!__pyx_k_tuple_142)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[8]; __pyx_lineno = 2141; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
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   __Pyx_GIVEREF(((PyObject *)__pyx_kp_s_141));
   __Pyx_GIVEREF(((PyObject *)__pyx_k_tuple_142));
 
-  /* "/home/m/workspace/cdec/python/src/sa/rulefactory.pxi":2100
+  /* "/home/m/workspace/cdec/python/src/sa/rulefactory.pxi":2142
  *         logger.info('------------------------------')
  *         logger.info('         Online Stats         ')
  *         logger.info('------------------------------')             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
- *         logger.info('F')
- *         for ph in self.phrases_f:
+ *         logger.info('f')
+ *         for w in self.bilex_f:
  */
-  __pyx_k_tuple_143 = PyTuple_New(1); if (unlikely(!__pyx_k_tuple_143)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[8]; __pyx_lineno = 2100; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
+  __pyx_k_tuple_143 = PyTuple_New(1); if (unlikely(!__pyx_k_tuple_143)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[8]; __pyx_lineno = 2142; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
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   __Pyx_GIVEREF(((PyObject *)__pyx_k_tuple_143));
 
-  /* "/home/m/workspace/cdec/python/src/sa/rulefactory.pxi":2101
+  /* "/home/m/workspace/cdec/python/src/sa/rulefactory.pxi":2143
  *         logger.info('         Online Stats         ')
  *         logger.info('------------------------------')
- *         logger.info('F')             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
- *         for ph in self.phrases_f:
- *             logger.info(str(ph) + ' ||| ' + str(self.phrases_f[ph]))
- */
-  __pyx_k_tuple_144 = PyTuple_New(1); if (unlikely(!__pyx_k_tuple_144)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[8]; __pyx_lineno = 2101; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
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-  __Pyx_GIVEREF(((PyObject *)__pyx_n_s__F));
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-  /* "/home/m/workspace/cdec/python/src/sa/rulefactory.pxi":2104
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+  __Pyx_GIVEREF(((PyObject *)__pyx_k_tuple_147));
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+  /* "/home/m/workspace/cdec/python/src/sa/rulefactory.pxi":2153
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+ *         logger.info('F')             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
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+  /* "/home/m/workspace/cdec/python/src/sa/rulefactory.pxi":2156
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+ *         logger.info('E')             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
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-  /* "/home/m/workspace/cdec/python/src/sa/rulefactory.pxi":2132
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  *     while k <= j:
  */
-  __pyx_t_1 = PyCFunction_NewEx(&__pyx_mdef_3_sa_15span_flip, NULL, __pyx_n_s___sa); if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_1)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[8]; __pyx_lineno = 2132; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
+  __pyx_t_1 = PyCFunction_NewEx(&__pyx_mdef_3_sa_17span_dec, NULL, __pyx_n_s___sa); if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_1)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[8]; __pyx_lineno = 2180; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
   __Pyx_GOTREF(__pyx_t_1);
-  if (PyObject_SetAttr(__pyx_m, __pyx_n_s__span_flip, __pyx_t_1) < 0) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[8]; __pyx_lineno = 2132; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
+  if (PyObject_SetAttr(__pyx_m, __pyx_n_s__span_dec, __pyx_t_1) < 0) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[8]; __pyx_lineno = 2180; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
   __Pyx_DECREF(__pyx_t_1); __pyx_t_1 = 0;
 
   /* "/home/m/workspace/cdec/python/src/sa/features.pxi":1
diff --git a/python/src/sa/rulefactory.pxi b/python/src/sa/rulefactory.pxi
index c26f5c43..be73f567 100644
--- a/python/src/sa/rulefactory.pxi
+++ b/python/src/sa/rulefactory.pxi
@@ -1836,18 +1836,24 @@ cdef class HieroCachingRuleFactory:
 
         # Pre-compute alignment info
         al = [[] for i in range(f_len)]
-        al_span = [[f_len + 1, -1] for i in range(f_len)]
+        fe_span = [[f_len + 1, -1] for i in range(f_len)]
+        ef_span = [[e_len + 1, -1] for i in range(e_len)]
         for (f, e) in alignment:
             al[f].append(e)
-            al_span[f][0] = min(al_span[f][0], e)
-            al_span[f][1] = max(al_span[f][1], e)
+            fe_span[f][0] = min(fe_span[f][0], e)
+            fe_span[f][1] = max(fe_span[f][1], e)
+            ef_span[e][0] = min(ef_span[e][0], f)
+            ef_span[e][1] = max(ef_span[e][1], f)
 
         # Target side word coverage
         cover = [0] * e_len
-
+        # Non-terminal coverage
+        f_nt_cover = [0] * e_len
+        e_nt_cover = [0] * e_len
+        
         # Extract all possible hierarchical phrases starting at a source index
         # f_ i and j are current, e_ i and j are previous
-        def extract(f_i, f_j, e_i, e_j, wc, links, nt, nt_open):
+        def extract(f_i, f_j, e_i, e_j, min_bound, wc, links, nt, nt_open):
             # Phrase extraction limits
             if wc + len(nt) > self.max_length or (f_j + 1) > f_len or \
                     (f_j - f_i) + 1 > self.max_initial_size:
@@ -1857,17 +1863,36 @@ cdef class HieroCachingRuleFactory:
                 # Open non-terminal: extend
                 if nt_open:
                     nt[-1][2] += 1
-                    extract(f_i, f_j + 1, e_i, e_j, wc, links, nt, True)
+                    extract(f_i, f_j + 1, e_i, e_j, min_bound, wc, links, nt, True)
                     nt[-1][2] -= 1
                 # No open non-terminal: extend with word
                 else:
-                    extract(f_i, f_j + 1, e_i, e_j, wc + 1, links, nt, False)
+                    extract(f_i, f_j + 1, e_i, e_j, min_bound, wc + 1, links, nt, False)
                 return
             # Aligned word
-            link_i = al_span[f_j][0]
-            link_j = al_span[f_j][1]
+            link_i = fe_span[f_j][0]
+            link_j = fe_span[f_j][1]
             new_e_i = min(link_i, e_i)
             new_e_j = max(link_j, e_j)
+            # Check reverse links of newly covered words to see if they violate left
+            # bound (return) or extend minimum right bound for chunk
+            new_min_bound = min_bound
+            # First aligned word creates span
+            if e_j == -1:
+                for i from new_e_i <= i <= new_e_j:
+                    if ef_span[i][0] < f_i:
+                        return
+                    new_min_bound = max(new_min_bound, ef_span[i][1])
+            # Other aligned words extend span
+            else:
+                for i from new_e_i <= i < e_i:
+                    if ef_span[i][0] < f_i:
+                        return
+                    new_min_bound = max(new_min_bound, ef_span[i][1])
+                for i from e_j < i <= new_e_j:
+                    if ef_span[i][0] < f_i:
+                        return
+                    new_min_bound = max(new_min_bound, ef_span[i][1])
             # Open non-terminal: close, extract, extend
             if nt_open:
                 # Close non-terminal, checking for collisions
@@ -1877,43 +1902,50 @@ cdef class HieroCachingRuleFactory:
                     if not span_check(cover, link_i, nt[-1][3] - 1):
                         nt[-1] = old_last_nt
                         return
-                    span_flip(cover, link_i, nt[-1][3] - 1)
+                    span_inc(cover, link_i, nt[-1][3] - 1)
+                    span_inc(e_nt_cover, link_i, nt[-1][3] - 1)
                     nt[-1][3] = link_i
                 if link_j > nt[-1][4]:
                     if not span_check(cover, nt[-1][4] + 1, link_j):
                         nt[-1] = old_last_nt
                         return
-                    span_flip(cover, nt[-1][4] + 1, link_j)
+                    span_inc(cover, nt[-1][4] + 1, link_j)
+                    span_inc(e_nt_cover, nt[-1][4] + 1, link_j)
                     nt[-1][4] = link_j
-                for rule in self.form_rules(f_i, new_e_i, f_words[f_i:f_j + 1], e_words[new_e_i:new_e_j + 1], nt, links):
-                    rules.add(rule)
-                extract(f_i, f_j + 1, new_e_i, new_e_j, wc, links, nt, False)
+                # Make sure we cover all aligned words
+                if f_j >= new_min_bound:
+                    for rule in self.form_rules(f_i, new_e_i, f_words[f_i:f_j + 1], e_words[new_e_i:new_e_j + 1], nt, links):
+                        rules.add(rule)
+                extract(f_i, f_j + 1, new_e_i, new_e_j, new_min_bound, wc, links, nt, False)
                 nt[-1] = old_last_nt
                 if link_i < nt[-1][3]:
-                    span_flip(cover, link_i, nt[-1][3] - 1)
+                    span_dec(cover, link_i, nt[-1][3] - 1)
+                    span_dec(e_nt_cover, link_i, nt[-1][3] - 1)
                 if link_j > nt[-1][4]:
-                    span_flip(cover, nt[-1][4] + 1, link_j)
+                    span_dec(cover, nt[-1][4] + 1, link_j)
+                    span_dec(e_nt_cover, nt[-1][4] + 1, link_j)
                 return
             # No open non-terminal
             # Extract, extend with word
-            collision = False
+            nt_collision = False
             for link in al[f_j]:
-                if cover[link]:
-                    collision = True
-            # Collisions block extraction and extension, but may be okay for
-            # continuing non-terminals
-            if not collision:
+                if e_nt_cover[link]:
+                    nt_collision = True
+            # Non-terminal collisions block word extraction and extension, but
+            # may be okay for continuing non-terminals
+            if not nt_collision:
                 plus_links = []
                 for link in al[f_j]:
                     plus_links.append((f_j, link))
-                    cover[link] = ~cover[link]
+                    cover[link] += 1
                 links.append(plus_links)
-                for rule in self.form_rules(f_i, new_e_i, f_words[f_i:f_j + 1], e_words[new_e_i:new_e_j + 1], nt, links):
-                    rules.add(rule)
-                extract(f_i, f_j + 1, new_e_i, new_e_j, wc + 1, links, nt, False)
+                if f_j >= new_min_bound:
+                    for rule in self.form_rules(f_i, new_e_i, f_words[f_i:f_j + 1], e_words[new_e_i:new_e_j + 1], nt, links):
+                        rules.add(rule)
+                extract(f_i, f_j + 1, new_e_i, new_e_j, new_min_bound, wc + 1, links, nt, False)
                 links.pop()
                 for link in al[f_j]:
-                    cover[link] = ~cover[link]
+                    cover[link] -= 1
             # Try to add a word to a (closed) non-terminal, extract, extend
             if nt and nt[-1][2] == f_j - 1:
                 # Add to non-terminal, checking for collisions
@@ -1923,38 +1955,46 @@ cdef class HieroCachingRuleFactory:
                     if not span_check(cover, link_i, nt[-1][3] - 1):
                         nt[-1] = old_last_nt
                         return
-                    span_flip(cover, link_i, nt[-1][3] - 1)
+                    span_inc(cover, link_i, nt[-1][3] - 1)
+                    span_inc(e_nt_cover, link_i, nt[-1][3] - 1)
                     nt[-1][3] = link_i
                 if link_j > nt[-1][4]:
                     if not span_check(cover, nt[-1][4] + 1, link_j):
                         nt[-1] = old_last_nt
                         return
-                    span_flip(cover, nt[-1][4] + 1, link_j)
+                    span_inc(cover, nt[-1][4] + 1, link_j)
+                    span_inc(e_nt_cover, nt[-1][4] + 1, link_j)
                     nt[-1][4] = link_j
                 # Require at least one word in phrase
                 if links:
-                    for rule in self.form_rules(f_i, new_e_i, f_words[f_i:f_j + 1], e_words[new_e_i:new_e_j + 1], nt, links):
-                        rules.add(rule)
-                extract(f_i, f_j + 1, new_e_i, new_e_j, wc, links, nt, False)
+                    if f_j >= new_min_bound:
+                        for rule in self.form_rules(f_i, new_e_i, f_words[f_i:f_j + 1], e_words[new_e_i:new_e_j + 1], nt, links):
+                            rules.add(rule)
+                extract(f_i, f_j + 1, new_e_i, new_e_j, new_min_bound, wc, links, nt, False)
                 nt[-1] = old_last_nt
                 if new_e_i < nt[-1][3]:
-                    span_flip(cover, link_i, nt[-1][3] - 1)
+                    span_dec(cover, link_i, nt[-1][3] - 1)
+                    span_dec(e_nt_cover, link_i, nt[-1][3] - 1)
                 if link_j > nt[-1][4]:
-                    span_flip(cover, nt[-1][4] + 1, link_j)
+                    span_dec(cover, nt[-1][4] + 1, link_j)
+                    span_dec(e_nt_cover, nt[-1][4] + 1, link_j)
             # Try to start a new non-terminal, extract, extend
             if (not nt or f_j - nt[-1][2] > 1) and len(nt) < self.max_nonterminals:
                 # Check for collisions
                 if not span_check(cover, link_i, link_j):
                     return
-                span_flip(cover, link_i, link_j)
+                span_inc(cover, link_i, link_j)
+                span_inc(e_nt_cover, link_i, link_j)
                 nt.append([(nt[-1][0] + 1) if nt else 1, f_j, f_j, link_i, link_j])
                 # Require at least one word in phrase
                 if links:
-                    for rule in self.form_rules(f_i, new_e_i, f_words[f_i:f_j + 1], e_words[new_e_i:new_e_j + 1], nt, links):
-                        rules.add(rule)
-                extract(f_i, f_j + 1, new_e_i, new_e_j, wc, links, nt, False)
+                    if f_j >= new_min_bound:
+                        for rule in self.form_rules(f_i, new_e_i, f_words[f_i:f_j + 1], e_words[new_e_i:new_e_j + 1], nt, links):
+                            rules.add(rule)
+                extract(f_i, f_j + 1, new_e_i, new_e_j, new_min_bound, wc, links, nt, False)
                 nt.pop()
-                span_flip(cover, link_i, link_j)
+                span_dec(cover, link_i, link_j)
+                span_dec(e_nt_cover, link_i, link_j)
 
         # Try to extract phrases from every f index
         f_i = 0
@@ -1963,7 +2003,7 @@ cdef class HieroCachingRuleFactory:
             if not al[f_i]:
                 f_i += 1
                 continue
-            extract(f_i, f_i, f_len + 1, -1, 1, [], [], False)
+            extract(f_i, f_i, f_len + 1, -1, f_i, 1, [], [], False)
             f_i += 1
 
         for rule in sorted(rules):
@@ -2045,11 +2085,13 @@ cdef class HieroCachingRuleFactory:
                 nt_i += 1
             links[i][1] -= off
             i += 1
-    
+            
         # Rule
         rules.append(self.new_rule(f_sym, e_sym, links))
         if len(f_sym) >= self.max_length or len(nt) >= self.max_nonterminals:
             return rules
+        # DEBUG: no boundary NTs
+        return rules
         last_index = nt[-1][0] if nt else 0
         # Rule [X]
         if not nt or not sym_isvar(f_sym[-1]):
@@ -2098,16 +2140,6 @@ cdef class HieroCachingRuleFactory:
         logger.info('------------------------------')
         logger.info('         Online Stats         ')
         logger.info('------------------------------')
-        logger.info('F')
-        for ph in self.phrases_f:
-            logger.info(str(ph) + ' ||| ' + str(self.phrases_f[ph]))
-        logger.info('E')
-        for ph in self.phrases_e:
-            logger.info(str(ph) + ' ||| ' + str(self.phrases_e[ph]))
-        logger.info('FE')
-        for ph in self.phrases_fe:
-            for ph2 in self.phrases_fe[ph]:
-                logger.info(str(ph) + ' ||| ' + str(ph2) + ' ||| ' + str(self.phrases_fe[ph][ph2]))
         logger.info('f')
         for w in self.bilex_f:
             logger.info(sym_tostring(w) + ' : ' + str(self.bilex_f[w]))
@@ -2118,6 +2150,16 @@ cdef class HieroCachingRuleFactory:
         for w in self.bilex_fe:
             for w2 in self.bilex_fe[w]:
                 logger.info(sym_tostring(w) + ' : ' + sym_tostring(w2) + ' : ' + str(self.bilex_fe[w][w2]))
+        logger.info('F')
+        for ph in self.phrases_f:
+            logger.info(str(ph) + ' ||| ' + str(self.phrases_f[ph]))
+        logger.info('E')
+        for ph in self.phrases_e:
+            logger.info(str(ph) + ' ||| ' + str(self.phrases_e[ph]))
+        logger.info('FE')
+        for ph in self.phrases_fe:
+            for ph2 in self.phrases_fe[ph]:
+                logger.info(self.fmt_rule(str(ph), str(ph2), self.phrases_al[ph][ph2]) + ' ||| ' + str(self.phrases_fe[ph][ph2]))
         
 # Spans are _inclusive_ on both ends [i, j]
 # Could be more efficient but probably not a bottleneck
@@ -2129,8 +2171,14 @@ def span_check(vec, i, j):
         k += 1
     return True
 
-def span_flip(vec, i, j):
+def span_inc(vec, i, j):
     k = i
     while k <= j:
-        vec[k] = ~vec[k]
-        k += 1
\ No newline at end of file
+        vec[k] += 1
+        k += 1
+
+def span_dec(vec, i, j):
+    k = i
+    while k <= j:
+        vec[k] -= 1
+        k += 1