From 8c26c195213805face566a6407597ba2a871a122 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "Wu, Ke" Date: Tue, 7 Oct 2014 18:44:05 -0400 Subject: Move synutils under utils --- utils/maxent.cpp | 703 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 703 insertions(+) create mode 100644 utils/maxent.cpp (limited to 'utils/maxent.cpp') diff --git a/utils/maxent.cpp b/utils/maxent.cpp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..8d00ac1d --- /dev/null +++ b/utils/maxent.cpp @@ -0,0 +1,703 @@ +/* + * $Id: maxent.cpp,v 1.1.1.1 2007/05/15 08:30:35 kyoshida Exp $ + */ + +#include "maxent.h" +#include +#include +#include "lbfgs.h" + +using namespace std; + +double ME_Model::FunctionGradient(const vector& x, + vector& grad) { + assert((int)_fb.Size() == x.size()); + for (size_t i = 0; i < x.size(); i++) { + _vl[i] = x[i]; + } + + double score = update_model_expectation(); + + if (_l2reg == 0) { + for (size_t i = 0; i < x.size(); i++) { + grad[i] = -(_vee[i] - _vme[i]); + } + } else { + const double c = _l2reg * 2; + for (size_t i = 0; i < x.size(); i++) { + grad[i] = -(_vee[i] - _vme[i] - c * _vl[i]); + } + } + + return -score; +} + +int ME_Model::perform_GIS(int C) { + cerr << "C = " << C << endl; + C = 1; + cerr << "performing AGIS" << endl; + vector pre_v; + double pre_logl = -999999; + for (int iter = 0; iter < 200; iter++) { + + double logl = update_model_expectation(); + fprintf(stderr, "iter = %2d C = %d f = %10.7f train_err = %7.5f", iter, + C, logl, _train_error); + if (_heldout.size() > 0) { + double hlogl = heldout_likelihood(); + fprintf(stderr, " heldout_logl(err) = %f (%6.4f)", hlogl, + _heldout_error); + } + cerr << endl; + + if (logl < pre_logl) { + C += 1; + _vl = pre_v; + iter--; + continue; + } + if (C > 1 && iter % 10 == 0) C--; + + pre_logl = logl; + pre_v = _vl; + for (int i = 0; i < _fb.Size(); i++) { + double coef = _vee[i] / _vme[i]; + _vl[i] += log(coef) / C; + } + } + cerr << endl; + + return 0; +} + +int ME_Model::perform_QUASI_NEWTON() { + const int dim = _fb.Size(); + vector x0(dim); + + for (int i = 0; i < dim; i++) { + x0[i] = _vl[i]; + } + + vector x; + if (_l1reg > 0) { + cerr << "performing OWLQN" << endl; + x = perform_OWLQN(x0, _l1reg); + } else { + cerr << "performing LBFGS" << endl; + x = perform_LBFGS(x0); + } + + for (int i = 0; i < dim; i++) { + _vl[i] = x[i]; + } + + return 0; +} + +int ME_Model::conditional_probability(const Sample& s, + std::vector& membp) const { + // int num_classes = membp.size(); + double sum = 0; + int max_label = -1; + // double maxp = 0; + + vector powv(_num_classes, 0.0); + for (vector::const_iterator j = s.positive_features.begin(); + j != s.positive_features.end(); j++) { + for (vector::const_iterator k = _feature2mef[*j].begin(); + k != _feature2mef[*j].end(); k++) { + powv[_fb.Feature(*k).label()] += _vl[*k]; + } + } + for (vector >::const_iterator j = s.rvfeatures.begin(); + j != s.rvfeatures.end(); j++) { + for (vector::const_iterator k = _feature2mef[j->first].begin(); + k != _feature2mef[j->first].end(); k++) { + powv[_fb.Feature(*k).label()] += _vl[*k] * j->second; + } + } + + std::vector::const_iterator pmax = + max_element(powv.begin(), powv.end()); + double offset = max(0.0, *pmax - 700); // to avoid overflow + for (int label = 0; label < _num_classes; label++) { + double pow = powv[label] - offset; + double prod = exp(pow); + // cout << pow << " " << prod << ", "; + // if (_ref_modelp != NULL) prod *= _train_refpd[n][label]; + if (_ref_modelp != NULL) prod *= s.ref_pd[label]; + assert(prod != 0); + membp[label] = prod; + sum += prod; + } + for (int label = 0; label < _num_classes; label++) { + membp[label] /= sum; + if (membp[label] > membp[max_label]) max_label = label; + } + assert(max_label >= 0); + return max_label; +} + +int ME_Model::make_feature_bag(const int cutoff) { + int max_num_features = 0; + +// count the occurrences of features +#ifdef USE_HASH_MAP + typedef __gnu_cxx::hash_map map_type; +#else + typedef std::map map_type; +#endif + map_type count; + if (cutoff > 0) { + for (std::vector::const_iterator i = _vs.begin(); i != _vs.end(); + i++) { + for (std::vector::const_iterator j = i->positive_features.begin(); + j != i->positive_features.end(); j++) { + count[ME_Feature(i->label, *j).body()]++; + } + for (std::vector >::const_iterator j = + i->rvfeatures.begin(); + j != i->rvfeatures.end(); j++) { + count[ME_Feature(i->label, j->first).body()]++; + } + } + } + + int n = 0; + for (std::vector::const_iterator i = _vs.begin(); i != _vs.end(); + i++, n++) { + max_num_features = + max(max_num_features, (int)(i->positive_features.size())); + for (std::vector::const_iterator j = i->positive_features.begin(); + j != i->positive_features.end(); j++) { + const ME_Feature feature(i->label, *j); + // if (cutoff > 0 && count[feature.body()] < cutoff) continue; + if (cutoff > 0 && count[feature.body()] <= cutoff) continue; + _fb.Put(feature); + // cout << i->label << "\t" << *j << "\t" << id << endl; + // feature2sample[id].push_back(n); + } + for (std::vector >::const_iterator j = + i->rvfeatures.begin(); + j != i->rvfeatures.end(); j++) { + const ME_Feature feature(i->label, j->first); + // if (cutoff > 0 && count[feature.body()] < cutoff) continue; + if (cutoff > 0 && count[feature.body()] <= cutoff) continue; + _fb.Put(feature); + } + } + count.clear(); + + // cerr << "num_classes = " << _num_classes << endl; + // cerr << "max_num_features = " << max_num_features << endl; + + init_feature2mef(); + + return max_num_features; +} + +double ME_Model::heldout_likelihood() { + double logl = 0; + int ncorrect = 0; + for (std::vector::const_iterator i = _heldout.begin(); + i != _heldout.end(); i++) { + vector membp(_num_classes); + int l = classify(*i, membp); + logl += log(membp[i->label]); + if (l == i->label) ncorrect++; + } + _heldout_error = 1 - (double)ncorrect / _heldout.size(); + + return logl /= _heldout.size(); +} + +double ME_Model::update_model_expectation() { + double logl = 0; + int ncorrect = 0; + + _vme.resize(_fb.Size()); + for (int i = 0; i < _fb.Size(); i++) _vme[i] = 0; + + int n = 0; + for (vector::const_iterator i = _vs.begin(); i != _vs.end(); + i++, n++) { + vector membp(_num_classes); + int max_label = conditional_probability(*i, membp); + + logl += log(membp[i->label]); + // cout << membp[*i] << " " << logl << " "; + if (max_label == i->label) ncorrect++; + + // model_expectation + for (vector::const_iterator j = i->positive_features.begin(); + j != i->positive_features.end(); j++) { + for (vector::const_iterator k = _feature2mef[*j].begin(); + k != _feature2mef[*j].end(); k++) { + _vme[*k] += membp[_fb.Feature(*k).label()]; + } + } + for (vector >::const_iterator j = i->rvfeatures.begin(); + j != i->rvfeatures.end(); j++) { + for (vector::const_iterator k = _feature2mef[j->first].begin(); + k != _feature2mef[j->first].end(); k++) { + _vme[*k] += membp[_fb.Feature(*k).label()] * j->second; + } + } + } + + for (int i = 0; i < _fb.Size(); i++) { + _vme[i] /= _vs.size(); + } + + _train_error = 1 - (double)ncorrect / _vs.size(); + + logl /= _vs.size(); + + if (_l2reg > 0) { + const double c = _l2reg; + for (int i = 0; i < _fb.Size(); i++) { + logl -= _vl[i] * _vl[i] * c; + } + } + + // logl /= _vs.size(); + + // fprintf(stderr, "iter =%3d logl = %10.7f train_acc = %7.5f\n", iter, + // logl, (double)ncorrect/train.size()); + // fprintf(stderr, "logl = %10.7f train_acc = %7.5f\n", logl, + // (double)ncorrect/_train.size()); + + return logl; +} + +int ME_Model::train(const vector& vms) { + _vs.clear(); + for (vector::const_iterator i = vms.begin(); i != vms.end(); i++) { + add_training_sample(*i); + } + + return train(); +} + +void ME_Model::add_training_sample(const ME_Sample& mes) { + Sample s; + s.label = _label_bag.Put(mes.label); + if (s.label > ME_Feature::MAX_LABEL_TYPES) { + cerr << "error: too many types of labels." << endl; + exit(1); + } + for (vector::const_iterator j = mes.features.begin(); + j != mes.features.end(); j++) { + s.positive_features.push_back(_featurename_bag.Put(*j)); + } + for (vector >::const_iterator j = mes.rvfeatures.begin(); + j != mes.rvfeatures.end(); j++) { + s.rvfeatures.push_back( + pair(_featurename_bag.Put(j->first), j->second)); + } + if (_ref_modelp != NULL) { + ME_Sample tmp = mes; + ; + s.ref_pd = _ref_modelp->classify(tmp); + } + // cout << s.label << "\t"; + // for (vector::const_iterator j = s.positive_features.begin(); j != + // s.positive_features.end(); j++){ + // cout << *j << " "; + // } + // cout << endl; + + _vs.push_back(s); +} + +int ME_Model::train() { + if (_l1reg > 0 && _l2reg > 0) { + cerr << "error: L1 and L2 regularizers cannot be used simultaneously." + << endl; + return 0; + } + if (_vs.size() == 0) { + cerr << "error: no training data." << endl; + return 0; + } + if (_nheldout >= (int)_vs.size()) { + cerr << "error: too much heldout data. no training data is available." + << endl; + return 0; + } + // if (_nheldout > 0) random_shuffle(_vs.begin(), _vs.end()); + + int max_label = 0; + for (std::vector::const_iterator i = _vs.begin(); i != _vs.end(); + i++) { + max_label = max(max_label, i->label); + } + _num_classes = max_label + 1; + if (_num_classes != _label_bag.Size()) { + cerr << "warning: _num_class != _label_bag.Size()" << endl; + } + + if (_ref_modelp != NULL) { + cerr << "setting reference distribution..."; + for (int i = 0; i < _ref_modelp->num_classes(); i++) { + _label_bag.Put(_ref_modelp->get_class_label(i)); + } + _num_classes = _label_bag.Size(); + for (vector::iterator i = _vs.begin(); i != _vs.end(); i++) { + set_ref_dist(*i); + } + cerr << "done" << endl; + } + + for (int i = 0; i < _nheldout; i++) { + _heldout.push_back(_vs.back()); + _vs.pop_back(); + } + + sort(_vs.begin(), _vs.end()); + + int cutoff = 0; + if (cutoff > 0) cerr << "cutoff threshold = " << cutoff << endl; + if (_l1reg > 0) cerr << "L1 regularizer = " << _l1reg << endl; + if (_l2reg > 0) cerr << "L2 regularizer = " << _l2reg << endl; + + // normalize + _l1reg /= _vs.size(); + _l2reg /= _vs.size(); + + cerr << "preparing for estimation..."; + make_feature_bag(cutoff); + // _vs.clear(); + cerr << "done" << endl; + cerr << "number of samples = " << _vs.size() << endl; + cerr << "number of features = " << _fb.Size() << endl; + + cerr << "calculating empirical expectation..."; + _vee.resize(_fb.Size()); + for (int i = 0; i < _fb.Size(); i++) { + _vee[i] = 0; + } + for (int n = 0; n < (int)_vs.size(); n++) { + const Sample* i = &_vs[n]; + for (vector::const_iterator j = i->positive_features.begin(); + j != i->positive_features.end(); j++) { + for (vector::const_iterator k = _feature2mef[*j].begin(); + k != _feature2mef[*j].end(); k++) { + if (_fb.Feature(*k).label() == i->label) _vee[*k] += 1.0; + } + } + + for (vector >::const_iterator j = i->rvfeatures.begin(); + j != i->rvfeatures.end(); j++) { + for (vector::const_iterator k = _feature2mef[j->first].begin(); + k != _feature2mef[j->first].end(); k++) { + if (_fb.Feature(*k).label() == i->label) _vee[*k] += j->second; + } + } + } + for (int i = 0; i < _fb.Size(); i++) { + _vee[i] /= _vs.size(); + } + cerr << "done" << endl; + + _vl.resize(_fb.Size()); + for (int i = 0; i < _fb.Size(); i++) _vl[i] = 0.0; + + if (_optimization_method == SGD) { + perform_SGD(); + } else { + perform_QUASI_NEWTON(); + } + + int num_active = 0; + for (int i = 0; i < _fb.Size(); i++) { + if (_vl[i] != 0) num_active++; + } + cerr << "number of active features = " << num_active << endl; + + return 0; +} + +void ME_Model::get_features(list, double> >& fl) { + fl.clear(); + // for (int i = 0; i < _fb.Size(); i++) { + // ME_Feature f = _fb.Feature(i); + // fl.push_back( make_pair(make_pair(_label_bag.Str(f.label()), + // _featurename_bag.Str(f.feature())), _vl[i])); + // } + for (MiniStringBag::map_type::const_iterator i = _featurename_bag.begin(); + i != _featurename_bag.end(); i++) { + for (int j = 0; j < _label_bag.Size(); j++) { + string label = _label_bag.Str(j); + string history = i->first; + int id = _fb.Id(ME_Feature(j, i->second)); + if (id < 0) continue; + fl.push_back(make_pair(make_pair(label, history), _vl[id])); + } + } +} + +void ME_Model::clear() { + _vl.clear(); + _label_bag.Clear(); + _featurename_bag.Clear(); + _fb.Clear(); + _feature2mef.clear(); + _vee.clear(); + _vme.clear(); + _vs.clear(); + _heldout.clear(); +} + +bool ME_Model::load_from_file(const string& filename) { + FILE* fp = fopen(filename.c_str(), "r"); + if (!fp) { + cerr << "error: cannot open " << filename << "!" << endl; + return false; + } + + _vl.clear(); + _label_bag.Clear(); + _featurename_bag.Clear(); + _fb.Clear(); + char buf[1024]; + while (fgets(buf, 1024, fp)) { + string line(buf); + string::size_type t1 = line.find_first_of('\t'); + string::size_type t2 = line.find_last_of('\t'); + string classname = line.substr(0, t1); + string featurename = line.substr(t1 + 1, t2 - (t1 + 1)); + float lambda; + string w = line.substr(t2 + 1); + sscanf(w.c_str(), "%f", &lambda); + + int label = _label_bag.Put(classname); + int feature = _featurename_bag.Put(featurename); + _fb.Put(ME_Feature(label, feature)); + _vl.push_back(lambda); + } + + _num_classes = _label_bag.Size(); + + init_feature2mef(); + + fclose(fp); + + return true; +} + +void ME_Model::init_feature2mef() { + _feature2mef.clear(); + for (int i = 0; i < _featurename_bag.Size(); i++) { + vector vi; + for (int k = 0; k < _num_classes; k++) { + int id = _fb.Id(ME_Feature(k, i)); + if (id >= 0) vi.push_back(id); + } + _feature2mef.push_back(vi); + } +} + +bool ME_Model::load_from_array(const ME_Model_Data data[]) { + _vl.clear(); + for (int i = 0;; i++) { + if (string(data[i].label) == "///") break; + int label = _label_bag.Put(data[i].label); + int feature = _featurename_bag.Put(data[i].feature); + _fb.Put(ME_Feature(label, feature)); + _vl.push_back(data[i].weight); + } + _num_classes = _label_bag.Size(); + + init_feature2mef(); + + return true; +} + +bool ME_Model::save_to_file(const string& filename, const double th) const { + FILE* fp = fopen(filename.c_str(), "w"); + if (!fp) { + cerr << "error: cannot open " << filename << "!" << endl; + return false; + } + + // for (int i = 0; i < _fb.Size(); i++) { + // if (_vl[i] == 0) continue; // ignore zero-weight features + // ME_Feature f = _fb.Feature(i); + // fprintf(fp, "%s\t%s\t%f\n", _label_bag.Str(f.label()).c_str(), + // _featurename_bag.Str(f.feature()).c_str(), _vl[i]); + // } + for (MiniStringBag::map_type::const_iterator i = _featurename_bag.begin(); + i != _featurename_bag.end(); i++) { + for (int j = 0; j < _label_bag.Size(); j++) { + string label = _label_bag.Str(j); + string history = i->first; + int id = _fb.Id(ME_Feature(j, i->second)); + if (id < 0) continue; + if (_vl[id] == 0) continue; // ignore zero-weight features + if (fabs(_vl[id]) < th) continue; // cut off low-weight features + fprintf(fp, "%s\t%s\t%f\n", label.c_str(), history.c_str(), _vl[id]); + } + } + + fclose(fp); + + return true; +} + +void ME_Model::set_ref_dist(Sample& s) const { + vector v0 = s.ref_pd; + vector v(_num_classes); + for (unsigned int i = 0; i < v.size(); i++) { + v[i] = 0; + string label = get_class_label(i); + int id_ref = _ref_modelp->get_class_id(label); + if (id_ref != -1) { + v[i] = v0[id_ref]; + } + if (v[i] == 0) v[i] = 0.001; // to avoid -inf logl + } + s.ref_pd = v; +} + +int ME_Model::classify(const Sample& nbs, vector& membp) const { + // vector membp(_num_classes); + assert(_num_classes == (int)membp.size()); + conditional_probability(nbs, membp); + int max_label = 0; + double max = 0.0; + for (int i = 0; i < (int)membp.size(); i++) { + // cout << membp[i] << " "; + if (membp[i] > max) { + max_label = i; + max = membp[i]; + } + } + // cout << endl; + return max_label; +} + +vector ME_Model::classify(ME_Sample& mes) const { + Sample s; + for (vector::const_iterator j = mes.features.begin(); + j != mes.features.end(); j++) { + int id = _featurename_bag.Id(*j); + if (id >= 0) s.positive_features.push_back(id); + } + for (vector >::const_iterator j = mes.rvfeatures.begin(); + j != mes.rvfeatures.end(); j++) { + int id = _featurename_bag.Id(j->first); + if (id >= 0) { + s.rvfeatures.push_back(pair(id, j->second)); + } + } + if (_ref_modelp != NULL) { + s.ref_pd = _ref_modelp->classify(mes); + set_ref_dist(s); + } + + vector vp(_num_classes); + int label = classify(s, vp); + mes.label = get_class_label(label); + return vp; +} + +/* + * $Log: maxent.cpp,v $ + * Revision 1.1.1.1 2007/05/15 08:30:35 kyoshida + * stepp tagger, by Okanohara and Tsuruoka + * + * Revision 1.28 2006/08/21 17:30:38 tsuruoka + * use MAX_LABEL_TYPES + * + * Revision 1.27 2006/07/25 13:19:53 tsuruoka + * sort _vs[] + * + * Revision 1.26 2006/07/18 11:13:15 tsuruoka + * modify comments + * + * Revision 1.25 2006/07/18 10:02:15 tsuruoka + * remove sample2feature[] + * speed up conditional_probability() + * + * Revision 1.24 2006/07/18 05:10:51 tsuruoka + * add ref_dist + * + * Revision 1.23 2005/12/24 07:05:32 tsuruoka + * modify conditional_probability() to avoid overflow + * + * Revision 1.22 2005/12/24 07:01:25 tsuruoka + * add cutoff for real-valued features + * + * Revision 1.21 2005/12/23 10:33:02 tsuruoka + * support real-valued features + * + * Revision 1.20 2005/12/23 09:15:29 tsuruoka + * modify _train to reduce memory consumption + * + * Revision 1.19 2005/10/28 13:10:14 tsuruoka + * fix for overflow (thanks to Ming Li) + * + * Revision 1.18 2005/10/28 13:03:07 tsuruoka + * add progress_bar + * + * Revision 1.17 2005/09/12 13:51:16 tsuruoka + * Sample: list -> vector + * + * Revision 1.16 2005/09/12 13:27:10 tsuruoka + * add add_training_sample() + * + * Revision 1.15 2005/04/27 11:22:27 tsuruoka + * bugfix + * ME_Sample: list -> vector + * + * Revision 1.14 2005/04/27 10:00:42 tsuruoka + * remove tmpfb + * + * Revision 1.13 2005/04/26 14:25:53 tsuruoka + * add MiniStringBag, USE_HASH_MAP + * + * Revision 1.12 2005/02/11 10:20:08 tsuruoka + * modify cutoff + * + * Revision 1.11 2004/10/04 05:50:25 tsuruoka + * add Clear() + * + * Revision 1.10 2004/08/26 16:52:26 tsuruoka + * fix load_from_file() + * + * Revision 1.9 2004/08/09 12:27:21 tsuruoka + * change messages + * + * Revision 1.8 2004/08/04 13:55:18 tsuruoka + * modify _sample2feature + * + * Revision 1.7 2004/07/28 13:42:58 tsuruoka + * add AGIS + * + * Revision 1.6 2004/07/28 05:54:13 tsuruoka + * get_class_name() -> get_class_label() + * ME_Feature: bugfix + * + * Revision 1.5 2004/07/27 16:58:47 tsuruoka + * modify the interface of classify() + * + * Revision 1.4 2004/07/26 17:23:46 tsuruoka + * _sample2feature: list -> vector + * + * Revision 1.3 2004/07/26 15:49:23 tsuruoka + * modify ME_Feature + * + * Revision 1.2 2004/07/26 13:52:18 tsuruoka + * modify cutoff + * + * Revision 1.1 2004/07/26 13:10:55 tsuruoka + * add files + * + * Revision 1.20 2004/07/22 08:34:45 tsuruoka + * modify _sample2feature[] + * + * Revision 1.19 2004/07/21 16:33:01 tsuruoka + * remove some comments + * + */ -- cgit v1.2.3 From 83a7a1e075e4bac7501fb8aaba11a5c8ecde9707 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "Wu, Ke" Date: Wed, 8 Oct 2014 07:32:42 -0400 Subject: Fix an out-of-bound access bug in maxent --- utils/maxent.cpp | 3 +-- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 2 deletions(-) (limited to 'utils/maxent.cpp') diff --git a/utils/maxent.cpp b/utils/maxent.cpp index 8d00ac1d..9115f6f2 100644 --- a/utils/maxent.cpp +++ b/utils/maxent.cpp @@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ int ME_Model::conditional_probability(const Sample& s, std::vector& membp) const { // int num_classes = membp.size(); double sum = 0; - int max_label = -1; + int max_label = 0; // double maxp = 0; vector powv(_num_classes, 0.0); @@ -134,7 +134,6 @@ int ME_Model::conditional_probability(const Sample& s, membp[label] /= sum; if (membp[label] > membp[max_label]) max_label = label; } - assert(max_label >= 0); return max_label; } -- cgit v1.2.3 From c0097e3b1ff60250e118770506b861c8b9437b08 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "Wu, Ke" Date: Fri, 10 Oct 2014 10:33:23 -0400 Subject: Replace deprecated hash_map with unordred_map --- utils/maxent.cpp | 2 +- utils/maxent.h | 6 +++--- 2 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-) (limited to 'utils/maxent.cpp') diff --git a/utils/maxent.cpp b/utils/maxent.cpp index 9115f6f2..0f49ee9d 100644 --- a/utils/maxent.cpp +++ b/utils/maxent.cpp @@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ int ME_Model::make_feature_bag(const int cutoff) { // count the occurrences of features #ifdef USE_HASH_MAP - typedef __gnu_cxx::hash_map map_type; + typedef std::unordered_map map_type; #else typedef std::map map_type; #endif diff --git a/utils/maxent.h b/utils/maxent.h index 88a04e25..b1efd88e 100644 --- a/utils/maxent.h +++ b/utils/maxent.h @@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ #define USE_HASH_MAP // if you encounter errors with hash, try commenting out // this line. (the program will be a bit slower, though) #ifdef USE_HASH_MAP -#include +#include #endif // @@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ class ME_Model { struct ME_FeatureBag { #ifdef USE_HASH_MAP - typedef __gnu_cxx::hash_map map_type; + typedef std::unordered_map map_type; #else typedef std::map map_type; #endif @@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ class ME_Model { struct MiniStringBag { #ifdef USE_HASH_MAP - typedef __gnu_cxx::hash_map map_type; + typedef std::unordered_map map_type; #else typedef std::map map_type; #endif -- cgit v1.2.3 From b6dd5a683db9dda2d634dd2fdb76606819594901 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "Wu, Ke" Date: Wed, 17 Dec 2014 16:00:04 -0500 Subject: Combine everything related to maxent to a single file --- decoder/ff_const_reorder_common.h | 6 +- training/const_reorder/trainer.cc | 4 +- utils/Makefile.am | 5 - utils/lbfgs.cpp | 108 ---------- utils/lbfgs.h | 20 -- utils/mathvec.h | 87 -------- utils/maxent.cpp | 427 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++- utils/maxent.h | 95 ++++++++- utils/owlqn.cpp | 127 ------------ utils/sgd.cpp | 193 ----------------- 10 files changed, 516 insertions(+), 556 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 utils/lbfgs.cpp delete mode 100644 utils/lbfgs.h delete mode 100644 utils/mathvec.h delete mode 100644 utils/owlqn.cpp delete mode 100644 utils/sgd.cpp (limited to 'utils/maxent.cpp') diff --git a/decoder/ff_const_reorder_common.h b/decoder/ff_const_reorder_common.h index b124ce47..755fd948 100644 --- a/decoder/ff_const_reorder_common.h +++ b/decoder/ff_const_reorder_common.h @@ -1081,7 +1081,7 @@ typedef std::unordered_map::iterator Iterator; struct Tsuruoka_Maxent { Tsuruoka_Maxent(const char* pszModelFName) { if (pszModelFName != NULL) { - m_pModel = new ME_Model(); + m_pModel = new maxent::ME_Model(); m_pModel->load_from_file(pszModelFName); } else m_pModel = NULL; @@ -1093,7 +1093,7 @@ struct Tsuruoka_Maxent { void fnEval(const char* pszContext, std::vector& vecOutput) const { std::vector vecContext; - ME_Sample* pmes = new ME_Sample(); + maxent::ME_Sample* pmes = new maxent::ME_Sample(); SplitOnWhitespace(std::string(pszContext), &vecContext); vecOutput.clear(); @@ -1113,7 +1113,7 @@ struct Tsuruoka_Maxent { } private: - ME_Model* m_pModel; + maxent::ME_Model* m_pModel; }; // an argument item or a predicate item (the verb itself) diff --git a/training/const_reorder/trainer.cc b/training/const_reorder/trainer.cc index e22a8a66..89bd7479 100644 --- a/training/const_reorder/trainer.cc +++ b/training/const_reorder/trainer.cc @@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ void Tsuruoka_Maxent_Trainer::fnTrain(const char* pszInstanceFName, strcmp(pszAlgorithm, "sgd") == 0 || strcmp(pszAlgorithm, "SGD") == 0); FILE* fpIn = fopen(pszInstanceFName, "r"); - ME_Model* pModel = new ME_Model(); + maxent::ME_Model* pModel = new maxent::ME_Model(); char* pszLine = new char[100001]; int iNumInstances = 0; @@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ void Tsuruoka_Maxent_Trainer::fnTrain(const char* pszInstanceFName, iNumInstances++; - ME_Sample* pmes = new ME_Sample(); + maxent::ME_Sample* pmes = new maxent::ME_Sample(); char* p = strrchr(pszLine, ' '); assert(p != NULL); diff --git a/utils/Makefile.am b/utils/Makefile.am index fabb4454..e0221e64 100644 --- a/utils/Makefile.am +++ b/utils/Makefile.am @@ -38,11 +38,8 @@ libutils_a_SOURCES = \ have_64_bits.h \ indices_after.h \ kernel_string_subseq.h \ - lbfgs.h \ - lbfgs.cpp \ logval.h \ m.h \ - mathvec.h \ maxent.h \ maxent.cpp \ murmur_hash3.h \ @@ -50,8 +47,6 @@ libutils_a_SOURCES = \ named_enum.h \ null_deleter.h \ null_traits.h \ - owlqn.cpp \ - sgd.cpp \ perfect_hash.h \ prob.h \ sampler.h \ diff --git a/utils/lbfgs.cpp b/utils/lbfgs.cpp deleted file mode 100644 index bd26f048..00000000 --- a/utils/lbfgs.cpp +++ /dev/null @@ -1,108 +0,0 @@ -#include -#include -#include -#include -#include "mathvec.h" -#include "lbfgs.h" -#include "maxent.h" - -using namespace std; - -const static int M = LBFGS_M; -const static double LINE_SEARCH_ALPHA = 0.1; -const static double LINE_SEARCH_BETA = 0.5; - -// stopping criteria -int LBFGS_MAX_ITER = 300; -const static double MIN_GRAD_NORM = 0.0001; - -double ME_Model::backtracking_line_search(const Vec& x0, const Vec& grad0, - const double f0, const Vec& dx, - Vec& x, Vec& grad1) { - double t = 1.0 / LINE_SEARCH_BETA; - - double f; - do { - t *= LINE_SEARCH_BETA; - x = x0 + t * dx; - f = FunctionGradient(x.STLVec(), grad1.STLVec()); - // cout << "*"; - } while (f > f0 + LINE_SEARCH_ALPHA * t * dot_product(dx, grad0)); - - return f; -} - -// -// Jorge Nocedal, "Updating Quasi-Newton Matrices With Limited Storage", -// Mathematics of Computation, Vol. 35, No. 151, pp. 773-782, 1980. -// -Vec approximate_Hg(const int iter, const Vec& grad, const Vec s[], - const Vec y[], const double z[]) { - int offset, bound; - if (iter <= M) { - offset = 0; - bound = iter; - } else { - offset = iter - M; - bound = M; - } - - Vec q = grad; - double alpha[M], beta[M]; - for (int i = bound - 1; i >= 0; i--) { - const int j = (i + offset) % M; - alpha[i] = z[j] * dot_product(s[j], q); - q += -alpha[i] * y[j]; - } - if (iter > 0) { - const int j = (iter - 1) % M; - const double gamma = ((1.0 / z[j]) / dot_product(y[j], y[j])); - // static double gamma; - // if (gamma == 0) gamma = ((1.0 / z[j]) / dot_product(y[j], y[j])); - q *= gamma; - } - for (int i = 0; i <= bound - 1; i++) { - const int j = (i + offset) % M; - beta[i] = z[j] * dot_product(y[j], q); - q += s[j] * (alpha[i] - beta[i]); - } - - return q; -} - -vector ME_Model::perform_LBFGS(const vector& x0) { - const size_t dim = x0.size(); - Vec x = x0; - - Vec grad(dim), dx(dim); - double f = FunctionGradient(x.STLVec(), grad.STLVec()); - - Vec s[M], y[M]; - double z[M]; // rho - - for (int iter = 0; iter < LBFGS_MAX_ITER; iter++) { - - fprintf(stderr, "%3d obj(err) = %f (%6.4f)", iter + 1, -f, _train_error); - if (_nheldout > 0) { - const double heldout_logl = heldout_likelihood(); - fprintf(stderr, " heldout_logl(err) = %f (%6.4f)", heldout_logl, - _heldout_error); - } - fprintf(stderr, "\n"); - - if (sqrt(dot_product(grad, grad)) < MIN_GRAD_NORM) break; - - dx = -1 * approximate_Hg(iter, grad, s, y, z); - - Vec x1(dim), grad1(dim); - f = backtracking_line_search(x, grad, f, dx, x1, grad1); - - s[iter % M] = x1 - x; - y[iter % M] = grad1 - grad; - z[iter % M] = 1.0 / dot_product(y[iter % M], s[iter % M]); - x = x1; - grad = grad1; - } - - return x.STLVec(); -} diff --git a/utils/lbfgs.h b/utils/lbfgs.h deleted file mode 100644 index 4d706f7a..00000000 --- a/utils/lbfgs.h +++ /dev/null @@ -1,20 +0,0 @@ -#ifndef _LBFGS_H_ -#define _LBFGS_H_ - -#include - -// template -// std::vector -// perform_LBFGS(FuncGrad func_grad, const std::vector & x0); - -std::vector perform_LBFGS( - double (*func_grad)(const std::vector &, std::vector &), - const std::vector &x0); - -std::vector perform_OWLQN( - double (*func_grad)(const std::vector &, std::vector &), - const std::vector &x0, const double C); - -const int LBFGS_M = 10; - -#endif diff --git a/utils/mathvec.h b/utils/mathvec.h deleted file mode 100644 index f8c60e5d..00000000 --- a/utils/mathvec.h +++ /dev/null @@ -1,87 +0,0 @@ -#ifndef _MATH_VECTOR_H_ -#define _MATH_VECTOR_H_ - -#include -#include -#include - -class Vec { - private: - std::vector _v; - - public: - Vec(const size_t n = 0, const double val = 0) { _v.resize(n, val); } - Vec(const std::vector& v) : _v(v) {} - const std::vector& STLVec() const { return _v; } - std::vector& STLVec() { return _v; } - size_t Size() const { return _v.size(); } - double& operator[](int i) { return _v[i]; } - const double& operator[](int i) const { return _v[i]; } - Vec& operator+=(const Vec& b) { - assert(b.Size() == _v.size()); - for (size_t i = 0; i < _v.size(); i++) { - _v[i] += b[i]; - } - return *this; - } - Vec& operator*=(const double c) { - for (size_t i = 0; i < _v.size(); i++) { - _v[i] *= c; - } - return *this; - } - void Project(const Vec& y) { - for (size_t i = 0; i < _v.size(); i++) { - // if (sign(_v[i]) != sign(y[i])) _v[i] = 0; - if (_v[i] * y[i] <= 0) _v[i] = 0; - } - } -}; - -inline double dot_product(const Vec& a, const Vec& b) { - double sum = 0; - for (size_t i = 0; i < a.Size(); i++) { - sum += a[i] * b[i]; - } - return sum; -} - -inline std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& s, const Vec& a) { - s << "("; - for (size_t i = 0; i < a.Size(); i++) { - if (i != 0) s << ", "; - s << a[i]; - } - s << ")"; - return s; -} - -inline const Vec operator+(const Vec& a, const Vec& b) { - Vec v(a.Size()); - assert(a.Size() == b.Size()); - for (size_t i = 0; i < a.Size(); i++) { - v[i] = a[i] + b[i]; - } - return v; -} - -inline const Vec operator-(const Vec& a, const Vec& b) { - Vec v(a.Size()); - assert(a.Size() == b.Size()); - for (size_t i = 0; i < a.Size(); i++) { - v[i] = a[i] - b[i]; - } - return v; -} - -inline const Vec operator*(const Vec& a, const double c) { - Vec v(a.Size()); - for (size_t i = 0; i < a.Size(); i++) { - v[i] = a[i] * c; - } - return v; -} - -inline const Vec operator*(const double c, const Vec& a) { return a * c; } - -#endif diff --git a/utils/maxent.cpp b/utils/maxent.cpp index 0f49ee9d..fd772e08 100644 --- a/utils/maxent.cpp +++ b/utils/maxent.cpp @@ -3,12 +3,15 @@ */ #include "maxent.h" + +#include +#include #include #include -#include "lbfgs.h" using namespace std; +namespace maxent { double ME_Model::FunctionGradient(const vector& x, vector& grad) { assert((int)_fb.Size() == x.size()); @@ -601,6 +604,428 @@ vector ME_Model::classify(ME_Sample& mes) const { return vp; } +// template +// std::vector +// perform_LBFGS(FuncGrad func_grad, const std::vector & x0); + +std::vector perform_LBFGS( + double (*func_grad)(const std::vector &, std::vector &), + const std::vector &x0); + +std::vector perform_OWLQN( + double (*func_grad)(const std::vector &, std::vector &), + const std::vector &x0, const double C); + +const int LBFGS_M = 10; + +const static int M = LBFGS_M; +const static double LINE_SEARCH_ALPHA = 0.1; +const static double LINE_SEARCH_BETA = 0.5; + +// stopping criteria +int LBFGS_MAX_ITER = 300; +const static double MIN_GRAD_NORM = 0.0001; + +// LBFGS + +double ME_Model::backtracking_line_search(const Vec& x0, const Vec& grad0, + const double f0, const Vec& dx, + Vec& x, Vec& grad1) { + double t = 1.0 / LINE_SEARCH_BETA; + + double f; + do { + t *= LINE_SEARCH_BETA; + x = x0 + t * dx; + f = FunctionGradient(x.STLVec(), grad1.STLVec()); + // cout << "*"; + } while (f > f0 + LINE_SEARCH_ALPHA * t * dot_product(dx, grad0)); + + return f; +} + +// +// Jorge Nocedal, "Updating Quasi-Newton Matrices With Limited Storage", +// Mathematics of Computation, Vol. 35, No. 151, pp. 773-782, 1980. +// +Vec approximate_Hg(const int iter, const Vec& grad, const Vec s[], + const Vec y[], const double z[]) { + int offset, bound; + if (iter <= M) { + offset = 0; + bound = iter; + } else { + offset = iter - M; + bound = M; + } + + Vec q = grad; + double alpha[M], beta[M]; + for (int i = bound - 1; i >= 0; i--) { + const int j = (i + offset) % M; + alpha[i] = z[j] * dot_product(s[j], q); + q += -alpha[i] * y[j]; + } + if (iter > 0) { + const int j = (iter - 1) % M; + const double gamma = ((1.0 / z[j]) / dot_product(y[j], y[j])); + // static double gamma; + // if (gamma == 0) gamma = ((1.0 / z[j]) / dot_product(y[j], y[j])); + q *= gamma; + } + for (int i = 0; i <= bound - 1; i++) { + const int j = (i + offset) % M; + beta[i] = z[j] * dot_product(y[j], q); + q += s[j] * (alpha[i] - beta[i]); + } + + return q; +} + +vector ME_Model::perform_LBFGS(const vector& x0) { + const size_t dim = x0.size(); + Vec x = x0; + + Vec grad(dim), dx(dim); + double f = FunctionGradient(x.STLVec(), grad.STLVec()); + + Vec s[M], y[M]; + double z[M]; // rho + + for (int iter = 0; iter < LBFGS_MAX_ITER; iter++) { + + fprintf(stderr, "%3d obj(err) = %f (%6.4f)", iter + 1, -f, _train_error); + if (_nheldout > 0) { + const double heldout_logl = heldout_likelihood(); + fprintf(stderr, " heldout_logl(err) = %f (%6.4f)", heldout_logl, + _heldout_error); + } + fprintf(stderr, "\n"); + + if (sqrt(dot_product(grad, grad)) < MIN_GRAD_NORM) break; + + dx = -1 * approximate_Hg(iter, grad, s, y, z); + + Vec x1(dim), grad1(dim); + f = backtracking_line_search(x, grad, f, dx, x1, grad1); + + s[iter % M] = x1 - x; + y[iter % M] = grad1 - grad; + z[iter % M] = 1.0 / dot_product(y[iter % M], s[iter % M]); + x = x1; + grad = grad1; + } + + return x.STLVec(); +} + +// OWLQN + +// stopping criteria +int OWLQN_MAX_ITER = 300; + +Vec approximate_Hg(const int iter, const Vec& grad, const Vec s[], + const Vec y[], const double z[]); + +inline int sign(double x) { + if (x > 0) return 1; + if (x < 0) return -1; + return 0; +}; + +static Vec pseudo_gradient(const Vec& x, const Vec& grad0, const double C) { + Vec grad = grad0; + for (size_t i = 0; i < x.Size(); i++) { + if (x[i] != 0) { + grad[i] += C * sign(x[i]); + continue; + } + const double gm = grad0[i] - C; + if (gm > 0) { + grad[i] = gm; + continue; + } + const double gp = grad0[i] + C; + if (gp < 0) { + grad[i] = gp; + continue; + } + grad[i] = 0; + } + + return grad; +} + +double ME_Model::regularized_func_grad(const double C, const Vec& x, + Vec& grad) { + double f = FunctionGradient(x.STLVec(), grad.STLVec()); + for (size_t i = 0; i < x.Size(); i++) { + f += C * fabs(x[i]); + } + + return f; +} + +double ME_Model::constrained_line_search(double C, const Vec& x0, + const Vec& grad0, const double f0, + const Vec& dx, Vec& x, Vec& grad1) { + // compute the orthant to explore + Vec orthant = x0; + for (size_t i = 0; i < orthant.Size(); i++) { + if (orthant[i] == 0) orthant[i] = -grad0[i]; + } + + double t = 1.0 / LINE_SEARCH_BETA; + + double f; + do { + t *= LINE_SEARCH_BETA; + x = x0 + t * dx; + x.Project(orthant); + // for (size_t i = 0; i < x.Size(); i++) { + // if (x0[i] != 0 && sign(x[i]) != sign(x0[i])) x[i] = 0; + // } + + f = regularized_func_grad(C, x, grad1); + // cout << "*"; + } while (f > f0 + LINE_SEARCH_ALPHA * dot_product(x - x0, grad0)); + + return f; +} + +vector ME_Model::perform_OWLQN(const vector& x0, + const double C) { + const size_t dim = x0.size(); + Vec x = x0; + + Vec grad(dim), dx(dim); + double f = regularized_func_grad(C, x, grad); + + Vec s[M], y[M]; + double z[M]; // rho + + for (int iter = 0; iter < OWLQN_MAX_ITER; iter++) { + Vec pg = pseudo_gradient(x, grad, C); + + fprintf(stderr, "%3d obj(err) = %f (%6.4f)", iter + 1, -f, _train_error); + if (_nheldout > 0) { + const double heldout_logl = heldout_likelihood(); + fprintf(stderr, " heldout_logl(err) = %f (%6.4f)", heldout_logl, + _heldout_error); + } + fprintf(stderr, "\n"); + + if (sqrt(dot_product(pg, pg)) < MIN_GRAD_NORM) break; + + dx = -1 * approximate_Hg(iter, pg, s, y, z); + if (dot_product(dx, pg) >= 0) dx.Project(-1 * pg); + + Vec x1(dim), grad1(dim); + f = constrained_line_search(C, x, pg, f, dx, x1, grad1); + + s[iter % M] = x1 - x; + y[iter % M] = grad1 - grad; + z[iter % M] = 1.0 / dot_product(y[iter % M], s[iter % M]); + + x = x1; + grad = grad1; + } + + return x.STLVec(); +} + +// SGD + +// const double SGD_ETA0 = 1; +// const double SGD_ITER = 30; +// const double SGD_ALPHA = 0.85; + +//#define FOLOS_NAIVE +//#define FOLOS_LAZY +#define SGD_CP + +inline void apply_l1_penalty(const int i, const double u, vector& _vl, + vector& q) { + double& w = _vl[i]; + const double z = w; + double& qi = q[i]; + if (w > 0) { + w = max(0.0, w - (u + qi)); + } else if (w < 0) { + w = min(0.0, w + (u - qi)); + } + qi += w - z; +} + +static double l1norm(const vector& v) { + double sum = 0; + for (size_t i = 0; i < v.size(); i++) sum += abs(v[i]); + return sum; +} + +inline void update_folos_lazy(const int iter_sample, const int k, + vector& _vl, + const vector& sum_eta, + vector& last_updated) { + const double penalty = sum_eta[iter_sample] - sum_eta[last_updated[k]]; + double& x = _vl[k]; + if (x > 0) + x = max(0.0, x - penalty); + else + x = min(0.0, x + penalty); + last_updated[k] = iter_sample; +} + +int ME_Model::perform_SGD() { + if (_l2reg > 0) { + cerr << "error: L2 regularization is currently not supported in SGD mode." + << endl; + exit(1); + } + + cerr << "performing SGD" << endl; + + const double l1param = _l1reg; + + const int d = _fb.Size(); + + vector ri(_vs.size()); + for (size_t i = 0; i < ri.size(); i++) ri[i] = i; + + vector grad(d); + int iter_sample = 0; + const double eta0 = SGD_ETA0; + + // cerr << "l1param = " << l1param << endl; + cerr << "eta0 = " << eta0 << " alpha = " << SGD_ALPHA << endl; + + double u = 0; + vector q(d, 0); + vector last_updated(d, 0); + vector sum_eta; + sum_eta.push_back(0); + + for (int iter = 0; iter < SGD_ITER; iter++) { + + random_shuffle(ri.begin(), ri.end()); + + double logl = 0; + int ncorrect = 0, ntotal = 0; + for (size_t i = 0; i < _vs.size(); i++, ntotal++, iter_sample++) { + const Sample& s = _vs[ri[i]]; + +#ifdef FOLOS_LAZY + for (vector::const_iterator j = s.positive_features.begin(); + j != s.positive_features.end(); j++) { + for (vector::const_iterator k = _feature2mef[*j].begin(); + k != _feature2mef[*j].end(); k++) { + update_folos_lazy(iter_sample, *k, _vl, sum_eta, last_updated); + } + } +#endif + + vector membp(_num_classes); + const int max_label = conditional_probability(s, membp); + + const double eta = + eta0 * pow(SGD_ALPHA, + (double)iter_sample / _vs.size()); // exponential decay + // const double eta = eta0 / (1.0 + (double)iter_sample / + // _vs.size()); + + // if (iter_sample % _vs.size() == 0) cerr << "eta = " << eta << + // endl; + u += eta * l1param; + + sum_eta.push_back(sum_eta.back() + eta * l1param); + + logl += log(membp[s.label]); + if (max_label == s.label) ncorrect++; + + // binary features + for (vector::const_iterator j = s.positive_features.begin(); + j != s.positive_features.end(); j++) { + for (vector::const_iterator k = _feature2mef[*j].begin(); + k != _feature2mef[*j].end(); k++) { + const double me = membp[_fb.Feature(*k).label()]; + const double ee = (_fb.Feature(*k).label() == s.label ? 1.0 : 0); + const double grad = (me - ee); + _vl[*k] -= eta * grad; +#ifdef SGD_CP + apply_l1_penalty(*k, u, _vl, q); +#endif + } + } + // real-valued features + for (vector >::const_iterator j = s.rvfeatures.begin(); + j != s.rvfeatures.end(); j++) { + for (vector::const_iterator k = _feature2mef[j->first].begin(); + k != _feature2mef[j->first].end(); k++) { + const double me = membp[_fb.Feature(*k).label()]; + const double ee = (_fb.Feature(*k).label() == s.label ? 1.0 : 0); + const double grad = (me - ee) * j->second; + _vl[*k] -= eta * grad; +#ifdef SGD_CP + apply_l1_penalty(*k, u, _vl, q); +#endif + } + } + +#ifdef FOLOS_NAIVE + for (size_t j = 0; j < d; j++) { + double& x = _vl[j]; + if (x > 0) + x = max(0.0, x - eta * l1param); + else + x = min(0.0, x + eta * l1param); + } +#endif + } + logl /= _vs.size(); +// fprintf(stderr, "%4d logl = %8.3f acc = %6.4f ", iter, logl, +// (double)ncorrect / ntotal); + +#ifdef FOLOS_LAZY + if (l1param > 0) { + for (size_t j = 0; j < d; j++) + update_folos_lazy(iter_sample, j, _vl, sum_eta, last_updated); + } +#endif + + double f = logl; + if (l1param > 0) { + const double l1 = + l1norm(_vl); // this is not accurate when lazy update is used + // cerr << "f0 = " << update_model_expectation() - l1param * l1 << " + // "; + f -= l1param * l1; + int nonzero = 0; + for (int j = 0; j < d; j++) + if (_vl[j] != 0) nonzero++; + // cerr << " f = " << f << " l1 = " << l1 << " nonzero_features = " + // << nonzero << endl; + } + // fprintf(stderr, "%4d obj = %7.3f acc = %6.4f", iter+1, f, + // (double)ncorrect/ntotal); + // fprintf(stderr, "%4d obj = %f", iter+1, f); + fprintf(stderr, "%3d obj(err) = %f (%6.4f)", iter + 1, f, + 1 - (double)ncorrect / ntotal); + + if (_nheldout > 0) { + double heldout_logl = heldout_likelihood(); + // fprintf(stderr, " heldout_logl = %f acc = %6.4f\n", + // heldout_logl, 1 - _heldout_error); + fprintf(stderr, " heldout_logl(err) = %f (%6.4f)", heldout_logl, + _heldout_error); + } + fprintf(stderr, "\n"); + } + + return 0; +} + +} // namespace maxent + /* * $Log: maxent.cpp,v $ * Revision 1.1.1.1 2007/05/15 08:30:35 kyoshida diff --git a/utils/maxent.h b/utils/maxent.h index b1efd88e..74d13a6f 100644 --- a/utils/maxent.h +++ b/utils/maxent.h @@ -5,21 +5,95 @@ #ifndef __MAXENT_H_ #define __MAXENT_H_ -#include -#include -#include -#include #include #include +#include +#include #include +#include +#include + #include -#include "mathvec.h" -#define USE_HASH_MAP // if you encounter errors with hash, try commenting out - // this line. (the program will be a bit slower, though) -#ifdef USE_HASH_MAP -#include -#endif +namespace maxent { +class Vec { + private: + std::vector _v; + + public: + Vec(const size_t n = 0, const double val = 0) { _v.resize(n, val); } + Vec(const std::vector& v) : _v(v) {} + const std::vector& STLVec() const { return _v; } + std::vector& STLVec() { return _v; } + size_t Size() const { return _v.size(); } + double& operator[](int i) { return _v[i]; } + const double& operator[](int i) const { return _v[i]; } + Vec& operator+=(const Vec& b) { + assert(b.Size() == _v.size()); + for (size_t i = 0; i < _v.size(); i++) { + _v[i] += b[i]; + } + return *this; + } + Vec& operator*=(const double c) { + for (size_t i = 0; i < _v.size(); i++) { + _v[i] *= c; + } + return *this; + } + void Project(const Vec& y) { + for (size_t i = 0; i < _v.size(); i++) { + // if (sign(_v[i]) != sign(y[i])) _v[i] = 0; + if (_v[i] * y[i] <= 0) _v[i] = 0; + } + } +}; + +inline double dot_product(const Vec& a, const Vec& b) { + double sum = 0; + for (size_t i = 0; i < a.Size(); i++) { + sum += a[i] * b[i]; + } + return sum; +} + +inline std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& s, const Vec& a) { + s << "("; + for (size_t i = 0; i < a.Size(); i++) { + if (i != 0) s << ", "; + s << a[i]; + } + s << ")"; + return s; +} + +inline const Vec operator+(const Vec& a, const Vec& b) { + Vec v(a.Size()); + assert(a.Size() == b.Size()); + for (size_t i = 0; i < a.Size(); i++) { + v[i] = a[i] + b[i]; + } + return v; +} + +inline const Vec operator-(const Vec& a, const Vec& b) { + Vec v(a.Size()); + assert(a.Size() == b.Size()); + for (size_t i = 0; i < a.Size(); i++) { + v[i] = a[i] - b[i]; + } + return v; +} + +inline const Vec operator*(const Vec& a, const double c) { + Vec v(a.Size()); + for (size_t i = 0; i < a.Size(); i++) { + v[i] = a[i] * c; + } + return v; +} + +inline const Vec operator*(const double c, const Vec& a) { return a * c; } // // data format for each sample for training/testing @@ -309,6 +383,7 @@ class ME_Model { static double FunctionGradientWrapper(const std::vector& x, std::vector& grad); }; +} // namespace maxent #endif diff --git a/utils/owlqn.cpp b/utils/owlqn.cpp deleted file mode 100644 index c3a0f0da..00000000 --- a/utils/owlqn.cpp +++ /dev/null @@ -1,127 +0,0 @@ -#include -#include -#include -#include -#include "mathvec.h" -#include "lbfgs.h" -#include "maxent.h" - -using namespace std; - -const static int M = LBFGS_M; -const static double LINE_SEARCH_ALPHA = 0.1; -const static double LINE_SEARCH_BETA = 0.5; - -// stopping criteria -int OWLQN_MAX_ITER = 300; -const static double MIN_GRAD_NORM = 0.0001; - -Vec approximate_Hg(const int iter, const Vec& grad, const Vec s[], - const Vec y[], const double z[]); - -inline int sign(double x) { - if (x > 0) return 1; - if (x < 0) return -1; - return 0; -}; - -static Vec pseudo_gradient(const Vec& x, const Vec& grad0, const double C) { - Vec grad = grad0; - for (size_t i = 0; i < x.Size(); i++) { - if (x[i] != 0) { - grad[i] += C * sign(x[i]); - continue; - } - const double gm = grad0[i] - C; - if (gm > 0) { - grad[i] = gm; - continue; - } - const double gp = grad0[i] + C; - if (gp < 0) { - grad[i] = gp; - continue; - } - grad[i] = 0; - } - - return grad; -} - -double ME_Model::regularized_func_grad(const double C, const Vec& x, - Vec& grad) { - double f = FunctionGradient(x.STLVec(), grad.STLVec()); - for (size_t i = 0; i < x.Size(); i++) { - f += C * fabs(x[i]); - } - - return f; -} - -double ME_Model::constrained_line_search(double C, const Vec& x0, - const Vec& grad0, const double f0, - const Vec& dx, Vec& x, Vec& grad1) { - // compute the orthant to explore - Vec orthant = x0; - for (size_t i = 0; i < orthant.Size(); i++) { - if (orthant[i] == 0) orthant[i] = -grad0[i]; - } - - double t = 1.0 / LINE_SEARCH_BETA; - - double f; - do { - t *= LINE_SEARCH_BETA; - x = x0 + t * dx; - x.Project(orthant); - // for (size_t i = 0; i < x.Size(); i++) { - // if (x0[i] != 0 && sign(x[i]) != sign(x0[i])) x[i] = 0; - // } - - f = regularized_func_grad(C, x, grad1); - // cout << "*"; - } while (f > f0 + LINE_SEARCH_ALPHA * dot_product(x - x0, grad0)); - - return f; -} - -vector ME_Model::perform_OWLQN(const vector& x0, - const double C) { - const size_t dim = x0.size(); - Vec x = x0; - - Vec grad(dim), dx(dim); - double f = regularized_func_grad(C, x, grad); - - Vec s[M], y[M]; - double z[M]; // rho - - for (int iter = 0; iter < OWLQN_MAX_ITER; iter++) { - Vec pg = pseudo_gradient(x, grad, C); - - fprintf(stderr, "%3d obj(err) = %f (%6.4f)", iter + 1, -f, _train_error); - if (_nheldout > 0) { - const double heldout_logl = heldout_likelihood(); - fprintf(stderr, " heldout_logl(err) = %f (%6.4f)", heldout_logl, - _heldout_error); - } - fprintf(stderr, "\n"); - - if (sqrt(dot_product(pg, pg)) < MIN_GRAD_NORM) break; - - dx = -1 * approximate_Hg(iter, pg, s, y, z); - if (dot_product(dx, pg) >= 0) dx.Project(-1 * pg); - - Vec x1(dim), grad1(dim); - f = constrained_line_search(C, x, pg, f, dx, x1, grad1); - - s[iter % M] = x1 - x; - y[iter % M] = grad1 - grad; - z[iter % M] = 1.0 / dot_product(y[iter % M], s[iter % M]); - - x = x1; - grad = grad1; - } - - return x.STLVec(); -} diff --git a/utils/sgd.cpp b/utils/sgd.cpp deleted file mode 100644 index 8613edca..00000000 --- a/utils/sgd.cpp +++ /dev/null @@ -1,193 +0,0 @@ -#include "maxent.h" -#include -#include - -using namespace std; - -// const double SGD_ETA0 = 1; -// const double SGD_ITER = 30; -// const double SGD_ALPHA = 0.85; - -//#define FOLOS_NAIVE -//#define FOLOS_LAZY -#define SGD_CP - -inline void apply_l1_penalty(const int i, const double u, vector& _vl, - vector& q) { - double& w = _vl[i]; - const double z = w; - double& qi = q[i]; - if (w > 0) { - w = max(0.0, w - (u + qi)); - } else if (w < 0) { - w = min(0.0, w + (u - qi)); - } - qi += w - z; -} - -static double l1norm(const vector& v) { - double sum = 0; - for (size_t i = 0; i < v.size(); i++) sum += abs(v[i]); - return sum; -} - -inline void update_folos_lazy(const int iter_sample, const int k, - vector& _vl, - const vector& sum_eta, - vector& last_updated) { - const double penalty = sum_eta[iter_sample] - sum_eta[last_updated[k]]; - double& x = _vl[k]; - if (x > 0) - x = max(0.0, x - penalty); - else - x = min(0.0, x + penalty); - last_updated[k] = iter_sample; -} - -int ME_Model::perform_SGD() { - if (_l2reg > 0) { - cerr << "error: L2 regularization is currently not supported in SGD mode." - << endl; - exit(1); - } - - cerr << "performing SGD" << endl; - - const double l1param = _l1reg; - - const int d = _fb.Size(); - - vector ri(_vs.size()); - for (size_t i = 0; i < ri.size(); i++) ri[i] = i; - - vector grad(d); - int iter_sample = 0; - const double eta0 = SGD_ETA0; - - // cerr << "l1param = " << l1param << endl; - cerr << "eta0 = " << eta0 << " alpha = " << SGD_ALPHA << endl; - - double u = 0; - vector q(d, 0); - vector last_updated(d, 0); - vector sum_eta; - sum_eta.push_back(0); - - for (int iter = 0; iter < SGD_ITER; iter++) { - - random_shuffle(ri.begin(), ri.end()); - - double logl = 0; - int ncorrect = 0, ntotal = 0; - for (size_t i = 0; i < _vs.size(); i++, ntotal++, iter_sample++) { - const Sample& s = _vs[ri[i]]; - -#ifdef FOLOS_LAZY - for (vector::const_iterator j = s.positive_features.begin(); - j != s.positive_features.end(); j++) { - for (vector::const_iterator k = _feature2mef[*j].begin(); - k != _feature2mef[*j].end(); k++) { - update_folos_lazy(iter_sample, *k, _vl, sum_eta, last_updated); - } - } -#endif - - vector membp(_num_classes); - const int max_label = conditional_probability(s, membp); - - const double eta = - eta0 * pow(SGD_ALPHA, - (double)iter_sample / _vs.size()); // exponential decay - // const double eta = eta0 / (1.0 + (double)iter_sample / - // _vs.size()); - - // if (iter_sample % _vs.size() == 0) cerr << "eta = " << eta << - // endl; - u += eta * l1param; - - sum_eta.push_back(sum_eta.back() + eta * l1param); - - logl += log(membp[s.label]); - if (max_label == s.label) ncorrect++; - - // binary features - for (vector::const_iterator j = s.positive_features.begin(); - j != s.positive_features.end(); j++) { - for (vector::const_iterator k = _feature2mef[*j].begin(); - k != _feature2mef[*j].end(); k++) { - const double me = membp[_fb.Feature(*k).label()]; - const double ee = (_fb.Feature(*k).label() == s.label ? 1.0 : 0); - const double grad = (me - ee); - _vl[*k] -= eta * grad; -#ifdef SGD_CP - apply_l1_penalty(*k, u, _vl, q); -#endif - } - } - // real-valued features - for (vector >::const_iterator j = s.rvfeatures.begin(); - j != s.rvfeatures.end(); j++) { - for (vector::const_iterator k = _feature2mef[j->first].begin(); - k != _feature2mef[j->first].end(); k++) { - const double me = membp[_fb.Feature(*k).label()]; - const double ee = (_fb.Feature(*k).label() == s.label ? 1.0 : 0); - const double grad = (me - ee) * j->second; - _vl[*k] -= eta * grad; -#ifdef SGD_CP - apply_l1_penalty(*k, u, _vl, q); -#endif - } - } - -#ifdef FOLOS_NAIVE - for (size_t j = 0; j < d; j++) { - double& x = _vl[j]; - if (x > 0) - x = max(0.0, x - eta * l1param); - else - x = min(0.0, x + eta * l1param); - } -#endif - } - logl /= _vs.size(); -// fprintf(stderr, "%4d logl = %8.3f acc = %6.4f ", iter, logl, -// (double)ncorrect / ntotal); - -#ifdef FOLOS_LAZY - if (l1param > 0) { - for (size_t j = 0; j < d; j++) - update_folos_lazy(iter_sample, j, _vl, sum_eta, last_updated); - } -#endif - - double f = logl; - if (l1param > 0) { - const double l1 = - l1norm(_vl); // this is not accurate when lazy update is used - // cerr << "f0 = " << update_model_expectation() - l1param * l1 << " - // "; - f -= l1param * l1; - int nonzero = 0; - for (int j = 0; j < d; j++) - if (_vl[j] != 0) nonzero++; - // cerr << " f = " << f << " l1 = " << l1 << " nonzero_features = " - // << nonzero << endl; - } - // fprintf(stderr, "%4d obj = %7.3f acc = %6.4f", iter+1, f, - // (double)ncorrect/ntotal); - // fprintf(stderr, "%4d obj = %f", iter+1, f); - fprintf(stderr, "%3d obj(err) = %f (%6.4f)", iter + 1, f, - 1 - (double)ncorrect / ntotal); - - if (_nheldout > 0) { - double heldout_logl = heldout_likelihood(); - // fprintf(stderr, " heldout_logl = %f acc = %6.4f\n", - // heldout_logl, 1 - _heldout_error); - fprintf(stderr, " heldout_logl(err) = %f (%6.4f)", heldout_logl, - _heldout_error); - } - fprintf(stderr, "\n"); - } - - return 0; -} -- cgit v1.2.3