From 79d19204f64deda0762ebbedaa55d686bb0f6d7c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Patrick Simianer <p@simianer.de>
Date: Fri, 16 Oct 2015 10:24:09 +0200
Subject: dtrain score.h: refactoring, 'summation' bleu

---
 training/dtrain/score.h | 308 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-------------------
 1 file changed, 188 insertions(+), 120 deletions(-)

(limited to 'training')

diff --git a/training/dtrain/score.h b/training/dtrain/score.h
index ca3da39b..a9c60b64 100644
--- a/training/dtrain/score.h
+++ b/training/dtrain/score.h
@@ -9,66 +9,77 @@ namespace dtrain
 struct NgramCounts
 {
   size_t N_;
-  map<size_t, weight_t> clipped_;
-  map<size_t, weight_t> sum_;
+  map<size_t, weight_t> clipped;
+  map<size_t, weight_t> sum;
 
   NgramCounts() {}
 
-  NgramCounts(const size_t N) : N_(N) { Zero(); }
+  NgramCounts(const size_t N) : N_(N) { zero(); }
 
   inline void
   operator+=(const NgramCounts& rhs)
   {
-    if (rhs.N_ > N_) Resize(rhs.N_);
+    if (rhs.N_ > N_) resize(rhs.N_);
     for (size_t i = 0; i < N_; i++) {
-      this->clipped_[i] += rhs.clipped_.find(i)->second;
-      this->sum_[i] += rhs.sum_.find(i)->second;
+      this->clipped[i] += rhs.clipped.find(i)->second;
+      this->sum[i] += rhs.sum.find(i)->second;
     }
   }
 
   inline void
   operator*=(const weight_t rhs)
   {
-    for (unsigned i = 0; i < N_; i++) {
-      this->clipped_[i] *= rhs;
-      this->sum_[i] *= rhs;
+    for (size_t i=0; i<N_; i++) {
+      this->clipped[i] *= rhs;
+      this->sum[i] *= rhs;
     }
   }
 
   inline void
-  Add(const size_t count, const size_t ref_count, const size_t i)
+  add(const size_t count,
+      const size_t count_ref,
+      const size_t i)
   {
     assert(i < N_);
-    if (count > ref_count) {
-      clipped_[i] += ref_count;
+    if (count > count_ref) {
+      clipped[i] += count_ref;
     } else {
-      clipped_[i] += count;
+      clipped[i] += count;
     }
-    sum_[i] += count;
+    sum[i] += count;
   }
 
   inline void
-  Zero()
+  zero()
   {
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < N_; i++) {
-      clipped_[i] = 0.;
-      sum_[i] = 0.;
+    for (size_t i=0; i<N_; i++) {
+      clipped[i] = 0.;
+      sum[i] = 0.;
     }
   }
 
   inline void
-  Resize(size_t N)
+  one()
+  {
+    for (size_t i=0; i<N_; i++) {
+      clipped[i] = 1.;
+      sum[i] = 1.;
+    }
+  }
+
+  inline void
+  resize(size_t N)
   {
     if (N == N_) return;
     else if (N > N_) {
       for (size_t i = N_; i < N; i++) {
-        clipped_[i] = 0.;
-        sum_[i] = 0.;
+        clipped[i] = 0.;
+        sum[i] = 0.;
       }
     } else { // N < N_
       for (size_t i = N_-1; i > N-1; i--) {
-        clipped_.erase(i);
-        sum_.erase(i);
+        clipped.erase(i);
+        sum.erase(i);
       }
     }
     N_ = N;
@@ -78,37 +89,38 @@ struct NgramCounts
 typedef map<vector<WordID>, size_t> Ngrams;
 
 inline Ngrams
-MakeNgrams(const vector<WordID>& s, const size_t N)
+ngrams(const vector<WordID>& vw,
+       const size_t N)
 {
-  Ngrams ngrams;
+  Ngrams r;
   vector<WordID> ng;
-  for (size_t i = 0; i < s.size(); i++) {
+  for (size_t i=0; i<vw.size(); i++) {
     ng.clear();
-    for (size_t j = i; j < min(i+N, s.size()); j++) {
-      ng.push_back(s[j]);
-      ngrams[ng]++;
+    for (size_t j=i; j<min(i+N, vw.size()); j++) {
+      ng.push_back(vw[j]);
+      r[ng]++;
     }
   }
 
-  return ngrams;
+  return r;
 }
 
 inline NgramCounts
-MakeNgramCounts(const vector<WordID>& hyp,
-                const vector<Ngrams>& ref,
-                const size_t N)
+ngram_counts(const vector<WordID>& hyp,
+             const vector<Ngrams>& ngrams_ref,
+             const size_t N)
 {
-  Ngrams hyp_ngrams = MakeNgrams(hyp, N);
+  Ngrams ngrams_hyp = ngrams(hyp, N);
   NgramCounts counts(N);
   Ngrams::iterator it, ti;
-  for (it = hyp_ngrams.begin(); it != hyp_ngrams.end(); it++) {
+  for (it = ngrams_hyp.begin(); it != ngrams_hyp.end(); it++) {
     size_t max_ref_count = 0;
-    for (auto r: ref) {
+    for (auto r: ngrams_ref) {
       ti = r.find(it->first);
       if (ti != r.end())
         max_ref_count = max(max_ref_count, ti->second);
     }
-    counts.Add(it->second, min(it->second, max_ref_count), it->first.size()-1);
+    counts.add(it->second, min(it->second, max_ref_count), it->first.size()-1);
   }
 
   return counts;
@@ -128,9 +140,9 @@ class Scorer
     }
 
     inline bool
-    Init(const vector<WordID>& hyp,
-         const vector<Ngrams>& ref_ngs,
-         const vector<size_t>& ref_ls,
+    init(const vector<WordID>& hyp,
+         const vector<Ngrams>& reference_ngrams,
+         const vector<size_t>& reference_lengths,
          size_t& hl,
          size_t& rl,
          size_t& M,
@@ -138,10 +150,12 @@ class Scorer
          NgramCounts& counts)
     {
       hl = hyp.size();
-      if (hl == 0) return false;
-      rl = BestMatchLength(hl, ref_ls);
-      if (rl == 0) return false;
-      counts = MakeNgramCounts(hyp, ref_ngs, N_);
+      if (hl == 0)
+        return false;
+      rl = best_match_length(hl, reference_lengths);
+      if (rl == 0)
+        return false;
+      counts = ngram_counts(hyp, reference_ngrams, N_);
       if (rl < N_) {
         M = rl;
         for (size_t i = 0; i < M; i++) v.push_back(1/((weight_t)M));
@@ -154,7 +168,8 @@ class Scorer
     }
 
     inline weight_t
-    BrevityPenalty(const size_t hl, const size_t rl)
+    brevity_penalty(const size_t hl,
+                    const size_t rl)
     {
       if (hl > rl)
         return 1;
@@ -163,16 +178,16 @@ class Scorer
     }
 
     inline size_t
-    BestMatchLength(const size_t hl,
-                    const vector<size_t>& ref_ls)
+    best_match_length(const size_t hl,
+                      const vector<size_t>& reference_lengths)
     {
       size_t m;
-      if (ref_ls.size() == 1)  {
-        m = ref_ls.front();
+      if (reference_lengths.size() == 1)  {
+        m = reference_lengths.front();
       } else {
         size_t i = 0, best_idx = 0;
         size_t best = numeric_limits<size_t>::max();
-        for (auto l: ref_ls) {
+        for (auto l: reference_lengths) {
           size_t d = abs(hl-l);
           if (d < best) {
             best_idx = i;
@@ -180,61 +195,63 @@ class Scorer
           }
           i += 1;
         }
-        m = ref_ls[best_idx];
+        m = reference_lengths[best_idx];
       }
 
       return m;
     }
 
     virtual weight_t
-    Score(const vector<WordID>&,
+    score(const vector<WordID>&,
           const vector<Ngrams>&,
           const vector<size_t>&) = 0;
 
     void
-    UpdateContext(const vector<WordID>& /*hyp*/,
-                  const vector<Ngrams>& /*ref_ngs*/,
-                  const vector<size_t>& /*ref_ls*/,
-                  weight_t /*decay*/) {}
+    update_context(const vector<WordID>& /*hyp*/,
+                   const vector<Ngrams>& /*reference_ngrams*/,
+                   const vector<size_t>& /*reference_lengths*/,
+                   weight_t /*decay*/) {}
 };
 
 /*
- * 'fixed' per-sentence BLEU
- * simply add 1 to reference length for calculation of BP
+ * ['fixed'] per-sentence BLEU
+ * simply add 'fix' (1) to reference length for calculation of BP
+ * to avoid short translations
  *
  * as in "Optimizing for Sentence-Level BLEU+1
  *        Yields Short Translations"
  * (Nakov et al. '12)
  *
  */
-class PerSentenceBleuScorer : public Scorer
+class NakovBleuScorer : public Scorer
 {
+  weight_t fix;
+
   public:
-    PerSentenceBleuScorer(size_t n) : Scorer(n) {}
+    NakovBleuScorer(size_t n, weight_t fix) : Scorer(n), fix(fix) {}
 
     weight_t
-    Score(const vector<WordID>& hyp,
-          const vector<Ngrams>& ref_ngs,
-          const vector<size_t>& ref_ls)
+    score(const vector<WordID>& hyp,
+          const vector<Ngrams>& reference_ngrams,
+          const vector<size_t>& reference_lengths)
     {
       size_t hl, rl, M;
       vector<weight_t> v;
       NgramCounts counts;
-      if (!Init(hyp, ref_ngs, ref_ls, hl, rl, M, v, counts))
+      if (!init(hyp, reference_ngrams, reference_lengths, hl, rl, M, v, counts))
         return 0.;
       weight_t sum=0, add=0;
-      for (size_t i = 0; i < M; i++) {
-        if (i == 0 && (counts.sum_[i] == 0 || counts.clipped_[i] == 0)) return 0.;
+      for (size_t i=0; i<M; i++) {
+        if (i == 0 && (counts.sum[i]==0 || counts.clipped[i]==0)) return 0.;
         if (i > 0) add = 1;
-        sum += v[i] * log(((weight_t)counts.clipped_[i] + add)
-                          / ((counts.sum_[i] + add)));
+        sum += v[i] * log(((weight_t)counts.clipped[i] + add)
+                          / ((counts.sum[i] + add)));
       }
 
-      return  BrevityPenalty(hl, rl+1) * exp(sum);
+      return  brevity_penalty(hl, rl+1) * exp(sum);
     }
 };
 
-
 /*
  * BLEU
  * 0 if for one n \in {1..N} count is 0
@@ -244,29 +261,28 @@ class PerSentenceBleuScorer : public Scorer
  * (Papineni et al. '02)
  *
  */
-
-class BleuScorer : public Scorer
+class PapineniBleuScorer : public Scorer
 {
   public:
-    BleuScorer(size_t n) : Scorer(n) {}
+    PapineniBleuScorer(size_t n) : Scorer(n) {}
 
     weight_t
-    Score(const vector<WordID>& hyp,
-          const vector<Ngrams>& ref_ngs,
-          const vector<size_t>& ref_ls)
+    score(const vector<WordID>& hyp,
+          const vector<Ngrams>& reference_ngrams,
+          const vector<size_t>& reference_lengths)
     {
       size_t hl, rl, M;
       vector<weight_t> v;
       NgramCounts counts;
-      if (!Init(hyp, ref_ngs, ref_ls, hl, rl, M, v, counts))
+      if (!init(hyp, reference_ngrams, reference_lengths, hl, rl, M, v, counts))
         return 0.;
       weight_t sum = 0;
-      for (size_t i = 0; i < M; i++) {
-        if (counts.sum_[i] == 0 || counts.clipped_[i] == 0) return 0.;
-        sum += v[i] * log((weight_t)counts.clipped_[i]/counts.sum_[i]);
+      for (size_t i=0; i<M; i++) {
+        if (counts.sum[i] == 0 || counts.clipped[i] == 0) return 0.;
+        sum += v[i] * log((weight_t)counts.clipped[i]/counts.sum[i]);
       }
 
-      return BrevityPenalty(hl, rl) * exp(sum);
+      return brevity_penalty(hl, rl) * exp(sum);
     }
 };
 
@@ -280,29 +296,30 @@ class BleuScorer : public Scorer
  * (Lin & Och '04)
  *
  */
-class OriginalPerSentenceBleuScorer : public Scorer
+class LinBleuScorer : public Scorer
 {
   public:
-    OriginalPerSentenceBleuScorer(size_t n) : Scorer(n) {}
+    LinBleuScorer(size_t n) : Scorer(n) {}
 
     weight_t
-    Score(const vector<WordID>& hyp,
-          const vector<Ngrams>& ref_ngs,
-          const vector<size_t>& ref_ls)
+    score(const vector<WordID>& hyp,
+          const vector<Ngrams>& reference_ngrams,
+          const vector<size_t>& reference_lengths)
     {
       size_t hl, rl, M;
       vector<weight_t> v;
       NgramCounts counts;
-      if (!Init(hyp, ref_ngs, ref_ls, hl, rl, M, v, counts))
+      if (!init(hyp, reference_ngrams, reference_lengths, hl, rl, M, v, counts))
         return 0.;
       weight_t sum=0, add=0;
-      for (size_t i = 0; i < M; i++) {
-        if (i == 0 && (counts.sum_[i] == 0 || counts.clipped_[i] == 0)) return 0.;
+      for (size_t i=0; i<M; i++) {
+        if (i == 0 && (counts.sum[i]==0 || counts.clipped[i]==0)) return 0.;
         if (i == 1) add = 1;
-        sum += v[i] * log(((weight_t)counts.clipped_[i] + add)/((counts.sum_[i] + add)));
+        sum += v[i] * log(((weight_t)counts.clipped[i] + add)
+                          / ((counts.sum[i] + add)));
       }
 
-      return  BrevityPenalty(hl, rl) * exp(sum);
+      return  brevity_penalty(hl, rl) * exp(sum);
     }
 };
 
@@ -315,30 +332,30 @@ class OriginalPerSentenceBleuScorer : public Scorer
  * (Liang et al. '06)
  *
  */
-class SmoothPerSentenceBleuScorer : public Scorer
+class LiangBleuScorer : public Scorer
 {
   public:
-    SmoothPerSentenceBleuScorer(size_t n) : Scorer(n) {}
+    LiangBleuScorer(size_t n) : Scorer(n) {}
 
     weight_t
-    Score(const vector<WordID>& hyp,
-          const vector<Ngrams>& ref_ngs,
-          const vector<size_t>& ref_ls)
+    score(const vector<WordID>& hyp,
+          const vector<Ngrams>& reference_ngrams,
+          const vector<size_t>& reference_lengths)
     {
-      size_t hl=hyp.size(), rl=BestMatchLength(hl, ref_ls);
+      size_t hl=hyp.size(), rl=best_match_length(hl, reference_lengths);
       if (hl == 0 || rl == 0) return 0.;
-      NgramCounts counts = MakeNgramCounts(hyp, ref_ngs, N_);
+      NgramCounts counts = ngram_counts(hyp, reference_ngrams, N_);
       size_t M = N_;
       if (rl < N_) M = rl;
       weight_t sum = 0.;
       vector<weight_t> i_bleu;
-      for (size_t i=0; i < M; i++)
+      for (size_t i=0; i<M; i++)
         i_bleu.push_back(0.);
-      for (size_t i=0; i < M; i++) {
-        if (counts.sum_[i] == 0 || counts.clipped_[i] == 0) {
+      for (size_t i=0; i<M; i++) {
+        if (counts.sum[i]==0 || counts.clipped[i]==0) {
           break;
         } else {
-          weight_t i_score = log((weight_t)counts.clipped_[i]/counts.sum_[i]);
+          weight_t i_score = log((weight_t)counts.clipped[i]/counts.sum[i]);
           for (size_t j=i; j < M; j++) {
             i_bleu[j] += (1/((weight_t)j+1)) * i_score;
           }
@@ -346,23 +363,24 @@ class SmoothPerSentenceBleuScorer : public Scorer
         sum += exp(i_bleu[i])/pow(2.0, (double)(N_-i+2));
       }
 
-      return BrevityPenalty(hl, hl) * sum;
+      return brevity_penalty(hl, hl) * sum;
    }
 };
 
 /*
  * approx. bleu
  * Needs some more code in dtrain.cc .
- * We do not scaling by source lengths, as hypotheses are compared only
- * within an kbest list, not globally.
+ * We do not scale by source length, as hypotheses are compared only
+ * within single k-best lists, not globally (as in batch algorithms).
+ * TODO: reset after one iteration?
+ * TODO: maybe scale by source length?
  *
  * as in "Online Large-Margin Training of Syntactic
  *        and Structural Translation Features"
  * (Chiang et al. '08)
  *
-
  */
-class ApproxBleuScorer : public Scorer
+class ChiangBleuScorer : public Scorer
 {
   private:
     NgramCounts context;
@@ -370,39 +388,39 @@ class ApproxBleuScorer : public Scorer
     weight_t    ref_sz_sum;
 
   public:
-    ApproxBleuScorer(size_t n) :
+    ChiangBleuScorer(size_t n) :
       Scorer(n), context(n), hyp_sz_sum(0), ref_sz_sum(0) {}
 
     weight_t
-    Score(const vector<WordID>& hyp,
-          const vector<Ngrams>& ref_ngs,
-          const vector<size_t>& ref_ls)
+    score(const vector<WordID>& hyp,
+          const vector<Ngrams>& reference_ngrams,
+          const vector<size_t>& reference_lengths)
     {
       size_t hl, rl, M;
       vector<weight_t> v;
       NgramCounts counts;
-      if (!Init(hyp, ref_ngs, ref_ls, hl, rl, M, v, counts))
+      if (!init(hyp, reference_ngrams, reference_lengths, hl, rl, M, v, counts))
         return 0.;
       counts += context;
       weight_t sum = 0;
       for (size_t i = 0; i < M; i++) {
-        if (counts.sum_[i] == 0 || counts.clipped_[i] == 0) return 0.;
-        sum += v[i] * log((weight_t)counts.clipped_[i]/counts.sum_[i]);
+        if (counts.sum[i]==0 || counts.clipped[i]==0) return 0.;
+        sum += v[i] * log((weight_t)counts.clipped[i] / counts.sum[i]);
       }
 
-      return BrevityPenalty(hyp_sz_sum+hl, ref_sz_sum+rl) * exp(sum);
+      return brevity_penalty(hyp_sz_sum+hl, ref_sz_sum+rl) * exp(sum);
     }
 
     void
-    UpdateContext(const vector<WordID>& hyp,
-                  const vector<Ngrams>& ref_ngs,
-                  const vector<size_t>& ref_ls,
-                  weight_t decay=0.9)
+    update_context(const vector<WordID>& hyp,
+                   const vector<Ngrams>& reference_ngrams,
+                   const vector<size_t>& reference_lengths,
+                   weight_t decay=0.9)
     {
       size_t hl, rl, M;
       vector<weight_t> v;
       NgramCounts counts;
-      Init(hyp, ref_ngs, ref_ls, hl, rl, M, v, counts);
+      init(hyp, reference_ngrams, reference_lengths, hl, rl, M, v, counts);
 
       context += counts;
       context *= decay;
@@ -413,6 +431,56 @@ class ApproxBleuScorer : public Scorer
     }
 };
 
+/*
+ * 'sum' bleu
+ *
+ * Merely sum up Ngram precisions
+ */
+class SumBleuScorer : public Scorer
+{
+  public:
+    SumBleuScorer(size_t n) : Scorer(n) {}
+
+    weight_t
+    score(const vector<WordID>& hyp,
+          const vector<Ngrams>& reference_ngrams,
+          const vector<size_t>& reference_lengths)
+    {
+      size_t hl, rl, M;
+      vector<weight_t> v;
+      NgramCounts counts;
+      if (!init(hyp, reference_ngrams, reference_lengths, hl, rl, M, v, counts))
+        return 0.;
+      weight_t sum = 0.;
+      size_t j = 1;
+      for (size_t i=0; i<M; i++) {
+        if (counts.sum[i]==0 || counts.clipped[i]==0) break;
+        sum += ((weight_t)counts.clipped[i]/counts.sum[i])
+                / pow(2.0, (weight_t) (N_-j+1));
+        //sum += exp(((score_t)counts.clipped[i]/counts.sum[i]))
+        //          / pow(2.0, (weight_t) (N_-j+1));
+        //sum += exp(v[i] * log(((score_t)counts.clipped[i]/counts.sum[i])))
+        //          / pow(2.0, (weight_t) (N_-j+1));
+        j++;
+      }
+
+      return brevity_penalty(hl, rl) * sum;
+    }
+};
+
+/*
+ * Linear (Corpus) Bleu
+ * TODO
+ *
+ * as in "Lattice Minimum Bayes-Risk Decoding
+ *        for Statistical Machine Translation"
+ * (Tromble et al. '08)
+ * or "Hope and fear for discriminative training of
+ *     statistical translation models"
+ * (Chiang '12)
+ *
+ */
+
 } // namespace
 
 #endif
-- 
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